煤矸石粉填充硫化天然橡胶性能的研究

对废弃煤矸石进行超细粉碎、焙烧,用环氧化天然橡胶(ENR)进行表面处理,然后与硫化天然橡胶(NR)充分混炼,对混炼胶表观交联密度、补强性能、应用性能、动态力学性能等进行了测定。试验结果表明,超细煤矸石粉对NR具有较好的补强性能和分散性。经过ENR改性处理后的煤矸石粉其性能更好,完全可以作为补强填料取代或部分取代炭黑。     

煤矸石粉作聚合物补强填充剂的研究

以二种洗矸为主要原料制备超细煤矸石粉后 ,将其用作天然橡胶NR的补强填充剂 ,并和通用炭黑进行了效果对比 ;同时进行了不同硫化促进剂的选择实验。结果表明 ,在保证制品质量的前提下 ,用煤矸石粉可以部分代替通用的软质炭黑作为橡胶补强填充剂 ;不同的促进剂 ,对橡胶制品性能的影响不同。     

硅强粉对炭黑填充天然橡胶胶料生热与导热性能的影响

研究硅强粉对炭黑填充天然橡胶胶料生热与导热性能的影响。结果表明:当以每2份硅强粉替代1份炭黑N234,胶料的t₁₀和t₉₀稍有延长,硫化胶的硬度基本保持不变,其他物理性能变化较小,显示硅强粉具有一定的补强作用;硅强粉用量在20份以内,硫化胶可以保持良好的物理性能;随着硅强粉用量的增大,硫化胶的损耗模量和损耗因子减小,导热性能提高,压缩生热降低。     

炭黑混炼胶和白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶及Payne效应研究

研究天然橡胶(NR)/炭黑、NR/白炭黑、异戊橡胶(IR)/白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量和Payne效应。结果表明:随着二段混炼胶停放时间延长,炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量增大,Payne效应增强,硫化胶应力应变性能和动态性能等变化不明显;白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量增大,Payne效应基本不变,硫化胶定伸应力明显提高,动态性能有一定程度改善;白炭黑混炼胶的结合橡胶含量明显大于炭黑混炼胶。     

硅粉对NR橡胶物理性能及电性能的影响

研究了3种硅粉、偶联剂KH-550用量以及改性硅粉C/炭黑N550配比对NR橡胶综合物理性能的影响.结果表明,填充硅粉A的硫化胶体积电阻率最小,3种硅粉的补强性均不如炭黑N550,硅粉C的补强性较好且与普通碳酸钙的补强性相差不大;偶联剂KH-550用量为硅粉C用量的4%时,改性效果较好;随着硅粉C用量的增大和炭黑N55...     

活性硅铝炭黑的性能及应用

将硅铝炭黑（ＳＡＣ）进行活化改性制成活性硅铝炭黑（ＡＳＡＣ）,并对ＳＡＣ和ＡＳＡＣ填充ＮＲ和ＳＢＲ胶料的硫化特性、物理性能及流变性能进行研究。结果表明,ＡＳＡＣ能明显改善ＳＡＣ的延迟硫化效应,提高填充胶料的力学性能;ＡＳＡＣ在ＮＲ中的填充补强效果接近半补强炭黑,在ＳＢＲ中的填充补强效果略优于优质陶土;ＡＳＡＣ填充ＮＲ胶料的流动性好,挤出胀大效应与填充半补强炭黑胶料相近     

SAC(煤矸石粉)在胶管中的应用

江苏省煤矸石研究所和徐州市硅铝炭黑厂研制的新型补强填充剂 SAC——煤矸石粉,为煤矸石合理利用、变废为宝开辟了一条新途径。SAC 对橡胶有一定的补强填充作用,可以代替一部分炭黑作橡胶的补强剂,已价格低廉、资源丰富,故是橡胶工业中降低成本的较理想的新型材料。     

从绢云母粉看无机填料在橡胶中的补强性能

研究了绢云母粉 MCA-2、MCA-3、MCM-1在天然橡胶、丁苯橡胶及氯丁橡胶的补强性能，并在相同的配方中与半补强炭黑及轻质碳酸钙、陶土、硅铝炭黑、活性硅粉等13种无机填料进行了性能对比。实验证明：绢云母粉在众多的无机填料中具有最好的补强性能，其补强性能仅次于半补强炭黑。在氯丁胶料中绢云母粉与通用炭黑并用具有很好的协同效应，适当的并用比在降低胶料成本的同时全面提升胶料的物理机械性能。     

硅粉用于橡胶补强的研究

研究了硅粉在橡胶中的补强作用及其对加工性能的影响。结果表明，硅粉与白炭黑并用，二者性能可互补，效果较好；硅粉用量为６０份时，硫化胶的综合性能较好：用硅粉替代陶土和碳酸钙可获得较好的补强效果；用硅粉替代部分炭黑，可以减少炭黑用量．降低生产成本。     

HNBR配合技术及与金属粘接性能的研究

从补强体系、硫化体系两方面,对比了不同配合方案HNBR混炼胶的性能。其中补强体系对比了炭黑补强、炭黑／甲基丙烯酸镁复合补强体系;硫化体系对比了硫黄、过氧化物硫化体系。同时还研究了不同配合体系的HNBR胶料与金属的热硫化粘接性能。     

Design and analysis of single-factor experiments: Analysis of variance of the effect of rice husk ash and commercial fillers in NR compounds

Summary White rice husk ash (WRHA) and black rice husk ash (BRHA) were incorporated into natural rubber (NR) using a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. A conventional vulcanization system was used for curing and physical tests of the NR vulcanized involved determining of tensile and tear resistances. For comparison purposes, precipitated silica (Zeosil-175) and carbon black (N774) were used too. Using the analysis of variance of single-factor experiments, it can be concluded that: BRHA is non-reinforcing filler and its use is limited to 20 phr; WRHA is semi-reinforcing filler and the variation of filler loading (0 up to 50 phr) causes the maximum variation upon tensile strength of NR compounds; and, that although carbon black and silica are reinforcing fillers, a real reinforcement is reached up to 20 phr for tensile strength.     

掺合料对混凝土早期碳化深度影响的试验研究

通过自然暴露环境条件下掺合料混凝土的早期碳化试验,分析了粉煤灰掺量、矿渣掺量、煤矸石掺量对单掺混凝土碳化深度的影响规律,探讨了双掺掺合料对混凝土碳化深度发展规律的交互作用,并基于试验数据建立了掺合料碳化速度影响系数的表达式。结果表明：单掺粉煤灰掺量小于15%时混凝土的碳化深度略有减小但掺量超过15%后碳化深度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而增加,单掺矿渣混凝土的碳化深度随矿渣掺量的增加而增加,单掺小于20%的煤矸石使混凝土早期抗碳化性能提高但掺入超过30%的煤矸石后混凝土碳化深度明显增加;随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,双掺粉煤灰和矿渣、双掺粉煤灰和煤矸石的混凝土碳化深度增加,在粉煤灰混凝土中掺入25%矿渣或20%煤矸石后混凝土的碳化深度变化较小;在煤矸石混凝土中掺入25%~40%的矿渣时混凝土的碳化深度无明显变化但再掺入超过40%的矿渣时碳化深度明显增大,在矿渣混凝土中掺入20%煤矸石后混凝土的碳化深度增长约40%。     

RICE HUSK ASH FILLED NATURAL RUBBER COMPOUNDS – THE USE OF RHEOMETRIC DATA TO QUALITATIVELY ESTIMATE OPTIMUM FILLER LOADING

White rice husk ash (WRHA) and black rice husk ash (BRHA) were incorporated as filler in natural rubber (NR) compounds. A conventional vulcanization system (CV) was chosen and cure studies were carried out on a TI-100 Curometer at 150, 160, 170 and 180°C. From the rheometric data obtained at 150°C, a specific constant related to the filler structure was evaluated that allowed predictions on how the presence of filler would affect mechanical properties such as tensile and tear resistances, and hardness. Swelling behavior and examination of the fracture surface, which was carried out on a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), were used to get some idea on the interaction between the rubber matrix and the filler. WRHA showed a good reinforcing potential for NR compounds and catalytic effect upon vulcanization.     

Natural rubber vulcanizate reinforced by modified coal‐shale‐based fillers

Coal shale is considered a waste material in coal mining and washing processes. It comprises both inorganic and organic components. In this study, two kinds of coal shale were microcracked, burned, modified by enoxidation natural rubber (ENR), and then used as reinforcing fillers for natural rubber (NR). The NR vulcanizates reinforced with this modified filler were characterized by bounded rubber content, apparent crosslink density, and various mechanical property tests. The results show that the ultramicro coal‐shale powder was a good filler for NR. It could be mixed quickly, and it dispersed well in NR, which resulted in a significant enhancement. After modification by ENR, the reinforcement properties were improved further. The results suggest that this new type of filler could be used as a semireinforcing filler to replace or partially replace carbon black. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1397–1400, 2004     

煤矸石/粉煤灰对赤泥钠化还原焙烧反应的影响机制

煤矸石或粉煤灰与赤泥协同钠化还原焙烧均可实现其所含铁、铝、硅等元素的形态转化,使其易于分离回收;但对于它们分别与赤泥协同钠化还原焙烧反应差异性及机制的研究目前尚未见报道。采用X射线衍射分析方法,分别考察了煤矸石-赤泥、粉煤灰-赤泥体系钠化还原焙烧过程中,气氛类型、钠助剂添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间对还原焙烧产物物相组成的影响规律,并对两个反应体系中铁磁化效果及铝硅活化效果的差异性进行分析。结果表明：在钠化还原焙烧过程中,煤矸石-赤泥、粉煤灰-赤泥体系均可同步实现含铁物相的磁化和铝硅物相的活化,且随着钠助剂添加量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间的变化,含铁物相和铝硅物相呈现规律性变化;在相同铁磁化和铝硅活化效果前提下,煤矸石-赤泥体系所需钠助剂添加量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间均略低于粉煤灰-赤泥体系,这主要与煤矸石、粉煤灰中所含还原性物质和铝硅矿物的赋存形态、含量及微观结构有关。研究将为煤矸石、粉煤灰等煤基固废与赤泥协同钠化还原焙烧回收有价元素的原料筛选提供理论指导。     

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of rice husk ash–filled natural rubber compounds

A laboratory‐sized two‐roll mill was used to incorporate rice husk ash into natural rubber (NR). A conventional vulcanization system was used for curing and cure studies were carried out on a Monsanto rheometer. Physical testing of the NR vulcanizates involved determining tensile and tear resistances and hardness. Swelling behavior of NR compounds and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the interaction between rice husk ash and natural rubber. Also, dynamical mechanical thermal analysis was used to assess filler–rubber interactions in terms of storage modulus (E′) and loss tangent (tan δ). For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers, precipitated silica (Zeosil‐175) and carbon black (N774), were also used. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2331–2346, 2002     

Rice‐husk‐ash‐filled natural rubber. II. Partial replacement of commercial fillers and the effect on the vulcanization process

In a previous investigation, we observed that in the presence of a conventional vulcanization system, the addition of white rice husk ash (WRHA) to natural rubber (NR) compounds increased the rate of crosslinking and lowered the apparent activation energy (E_a) of the vulcanization reaction more strongly than the other fillers used. In this work, commercial fillers, such as precipitated silica (Zeosil‐175) and carbon black (N762), were partially replaced by black rice husk ash and WRHA. Cure studies were carried out on a TI‐100 curometer at 150, 160, 170, and 180°C, and the overall rates and the E_a's for the vulcanization process were calculated for each compound, with the assumption that vulcanization followed first‐order kinetics. Again, WRHA showed some catalytic effect on the NR vulcanization. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1405–1413, 2003     

Rice husk ash filled natural rubber. I. Overall rate constant determination for the vulcanization process from rheometric data

Black rice husk ash (BRHA) and white rice husk ash (WRHA) were incorporated into natural rubber (NR) using a laboratory‐size two‐roll mill. A conventional vulcanization system (CV) was chosen and cure studies were carried out on a TI‐100 Curometer. The torque curves were obtained at 150, 160, 170, and 180°C. The overall rate and the apparent activation energy for the vulcanization process were calculated for each compound assuming that vulcanization follows first‐order kinetics. For comparison purposes, two commercial fillers, precipitated silica (Zeosil‐175) and carbon black (N762), were also used. It was observed that addition of WRHA to NR compounds increased the cross‐linking rate and lowered the apparent activation energy more markedly than the other fillers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1194–1203, 2003