不同处理工艺对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金组织与性能的影响

用拉伸性能、硬度、电导率测量以及金相、XRD物相分析和电子显微分析技术研究了固溶—时效和固溶—冷轧变形—时效两种工艺条件下Cu—Cr—Zr—Mg合金组织和性能的变化。结果表明，固溶后时效，固溶体分解析出单质Cr粒子，合金有很强的时效强化效果；固溶—冷轧变形后再时效，除时效析出外，固溶体基体上还存在位错亚结构，合金的硬度、强度大幅度提高，电导率仍保持在较高的水平，但合金的塑性明显降低。在固溶后450℃，6h时效条件下，固溶后40％的冷轧变形使合金的硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和电导率分别提高了42．5％，47．7％，87．7％和6％，但延伸率下降了62％。     

Cu-Ag-Cr合金的强化机制及定量探讨

采用中频熔炼-铸造-热轧-固溶-冷轧-时效处理工艺制备了Cu-Ag-Cr合金。通过拉伸力学性能测试、硬度测试和透射电子显微镜观察,研究了微量Cr和Ag对固溶-预冷变形-时效合金组织和性能的影响,探讨了Cu-Ag-Cr合金的主要强化机制,并用理论计算来预测Cr对合金屈服强度的增量。结果表明:微量Ag在Cu-0.1Ag-0.5Cr合金中主要以固溶形式存在,微量Cr在时效态Cu-0.1Ag-0.5Cr合金中主要以单质Cr粒子形式存在,Cr粒子的尺寸约为几个到十几个纳米,呈现共格畸变产生的豆瓣状析出相衬度,与基体共格,冷轧后时效态组织中有部分保留的位错亚结构。细小弥散分布的析出相质点能够强烈地钉扎位错,对形变组织中的亚结构具有稳定作用,阻碍位错运动和亚晶界的合并,从而使合金中仍能保持较高的位错密度,延缓回复过程和再结晶形核的开始。Cu-0.1Ag-0.5Cr合金的强化机制是Ag的固溶强化、预冷变形引入的亚结构强化和Cr粒子的析出强化。理论计算的屈服强度增量,与实验测试的Cu-Ag-Cr合金屈服强度增量很接近,计算值与实测值相差5.5%。Cr的析出强化量可以由计算近似得到。     

热处理对CuNi2Si合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同预冷变形条件下时效温度及时间对CuNi2Si合金组织和性能的影响.结果表明:合金在880℃×2.5 h固溶,经不同预冷变形后时效,具有较强的时效强化特性;同时预冷变形能够促进时效过程中第二相的析出,并具有晶界析出倾向;当预冷变形达40%,500℃×1 h时效,合金布氏硬度(HB)达193,抗拉强度(Rm)达765 MPa,伸长率达11%,与未进行预冷变形的合金相比,可获得较高的硬度、强度及较好的综合性能.合金热处理后的拉伸断口为韧性断裂,形貌特征为沿晶型韧窝,这与析出相具有晶界析出倾向的特性一致.     

形变热处理对Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P合金组织与性能的影响

成分为Cu-0．1％Fe-0．03％P（TFe0．1）的引线框架铜合金连续铸坯经热轧成厚15mm宽60mm的带坯，之后进行固溶-冷轧变形-时效处理和在线固溶-冷轧变形-时效处理，冷轧变形量为85％，90％和95％，在此基础上测试了合金的拉伸力学性能和电导率，用金相和透射电子显微分析研究了不同处理态合金的微观组织结构及其变化。结果表明，合金热轧后在线固溶-95％冷轧变形．500℃／2h时效处理是TFe0．1合金比较好的形变热处理工艺，在此条件下，合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度、延伸率和电导率分别为258，192MPa，22．5％和86．0％IACS，合金的显微组织结构为固溶体基体和弥散分布的第二相颗粒，析出强化和亚结构强化是TFe0．1合金强化的主要原因。     

Mg-Y-Nd-Zr合金加工工艺与组织演化的研究

对Mg-Y-Nd-Zr镁合金铸锭分别进行挤压和锻压变形加工，然后对变形加工件进行固溶、时效处理。采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析研究了该合金的组织演化过程。分别测试了铸造、挤压、锻压和热处理等不同状态下合金试样的室温和250℃力学性能。结果表明，该合金在350-400℃内进行挤压，组织发生完全动态再结晶，可以获得较好的力学性能；挤压后进行锻压变形，试样的室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别比挤压状态提高13．5％和15％，延伸率下降33．3％；250℃的抗拉强度和屈服强度比挤压状态分别提高15％和41．4％。试样经过T6处理后，晶界附近析出相尺寸细小、分布均匀，室温抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到365和335MPa。固溶强化和析出强化是导致T6状态试样拉伸强度提高的两个主要因素。     

形变热处理对Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金上引铸坯杆组织性能的影响

通过对上引Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金固溶处理、冷拉拔以及随后的时效处理工艺,研究冷拉拔形变及时效对材料力学性能、导电性能及组织结构的影响规律.结果表明:时效前的冷拉拔变形能提高Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金的力学性能而保持较高的导电率;合金在950℃固溶1 h后,经70%冷拉拔变形和500℃时效4 h,合金抗拉强度和导电率分别达到了418 MPa和87%IACS;时效合金组织转变过程为:固溶体G.P.区Cr+Cu4Zr,析出相对位错运动的阻碍是合金强化的重要机制.     

新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金热处理工艺研究

通过力学性能测定以及金相显微组织观察，对一种新型Al-Mg-Si-Cu铝合金(Al-1．2％Mg—0．9％Si—0．6％Cu)的热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明：该合金较为理想的热处理制度是550℃，2h固溶处理后水淬，人工时效制度为双级时效185℃，2h 200℃/1h。热处理后，试样抗拉强度可达到340MPa以上，硬度可达到105HB以上，延伸率在12％以上，析出相呈细小弥散状分布，对合金有很高的强化效果。     

2011易切削铝合金的微观组织结构与性能

采用力学性能测试、DTA热分析、X射线衍射物相分析和透射电镜分析技术研究了时效工艺对固溶-冷拉处理的2011合金显微组织结构特征和力学性能的影响。结果表明：合金的最佳时效工艺为170℃／8h。在此条件下,合金棒材的抗拉强度为472MPa,屈服强度为378MPa,延伸率为10．1％;合金的物相组成为铝基同溶体、低熔点相Pb2Bi3和Bi以及主要强化相CuAl2。球形低熔点共晶组成物（Pb7Bi3＋Bi）的熔化温度为156．02％,CuAl2相的析出强化以及低熔点共晶组成物（Pb7Bi3和Bi）的存在使合金同时具有较高的强度和良好的易切削加工性能。     

预应变与预时效对6101导电铝合金组织与性能的影响

在人工时效基础上引入预应变与预时效以提高6101铝合金的力学与导电性能。通过性能检测与组织观察,研究了合金在人工时效热处理（固溶+时效）及引入预应变与预时效后的热处理（固溶+预应变+时效,固溶+预时效+预应变+再时效）过程中显微组织、力学性能及导电性能的变化规律。结果表明:当合金经过60%冷轧变形再在180℃时效6 h后,其抗拉强度与电导率分别达到262 MPa及55.7% IACS,高于一般人工时效后的合金。当合金在180℃预时效2 h后经过60%冷轧变形,再在180℃时效6 h后,其抗拉强度与电导率进一步提升至289 MPa与58.0% IACS。引入预应变与预时效后所产生的应变强化与析出强化的交互作用,是合金的力学性能和导电性能得到提升的根本原因。      

固溶时效对上引拉铸Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr组织性能的影响

用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、涡流电导率测量仪和万能试验机测试分别测量了上引拉铸拉拔之后固溶时效对Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金抗拉强度及导电率性能的影响,用金相显微镜观察不同拉拔加工率下固溶的显微组织.并探讨了合金的强化机理.结果表明:上引Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金铸锭经过75％冷拉变形后固溶其组织和力学性能较好.经时效后的固溶态Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金,抗拉强度和导电率迅速上升,随着时间时间的延长,其抗拉强度达到峰值后呈下降趋势,而导电率则继续上升.Cu-Cr-Zr合金析出强化的重要因素是大量共格弥散的析出相,以共格强化机制估算的强化值423MPa与实验结果415MPa相近.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)