热处理对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

对手工焊接2205双相不锈钢接头进行1 050℃固溶处理,随后在850℃进行不同保温时间的时效处理,采用光学显微镜观察不同热处理状态下接头各区域组织演变特征及σ相的分布情况,利用硬度仪、拉伸和冲击试验机对焊接接头进行力学性能试验,并借助扫描电镜分析冲击断口形貌与断裂机制。结果表明,焊后1 050℃固溶处理可有效改善2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织和性能;在850℃时效处理后,母材区、焊缝区和热影响区均有σ相沿铁素体与奥氏体晶界析出,随着时效时间的延长,σ相向铁素体内部长大,且含量增加,其中焊缝区对σ相的析出行为最为敏感;接头各区域中σ相的析出使母材区和焊缝区的硬度值增加明显,且焊缝区的硬度增长较快;焊接接头的抗拉强度由于脆性σ相的析出有所提高,但塑性和冲击韧度显著下降;冲击断口的断裂机制由固溶态的混合断裂向时效处理后以解理断裂为特征的脆性断裂转变。     

FV520(B)钢异种钢焊接接头的组织和性能研究

通过拉伸试验、示波冲击试验和硬度试验,对两种焊后热处理（850℃油淬＋560℃时效、850℃油淬＋600℃时效）下的沉淀硬化不锈钢FV520（B）/低碳调质钢18CrMnMoV异种钢焊接接头的组织和力学性能进行了研究,结果表明：两种焊接接头中,焊缝组织粗大,硬度最高,韧性最低;600℃时效处理后的焊缝和两种母材的硬度均低于560℃时效处理后的焊接接头的相应位置的硬度,但前者的韧性高于后者;在两种焊接接头中的FV520（B）母材侧热影响区均存在软化区,这是导致两种焊接接头在拉伸试验中均断裂于该位置的主要原因;600℃时效的焊接接头具有比较合理的综合力学性能。     

热处理工艺对Ti2AlNb惯性摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

针对Ti_2AlNb合金惯性摩擦焊接接头开展了热处理工艺试验研究,分析了不同热处理工艺对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。研究表明,固溶态母材由α2、B2和O相构成,α2相呈球状或块状分布于B2相晶界上,O相呈棒状平行或交叉分布于B2相晶粒内部;固溶+单时效态合金母材由B2+O两相组成。焊态下的接头焊缝区及热力影响区基本为B2相组织,双时效处理后大部分B2相转变成晶界网状O相+晶内针状及块状O相组织,单时效处理的接头焊缝区及热力影响区晶界基本无O相组织存在,B2相晶内转变为细密层片状B2+O相共析组织。三种热处理状态的接头各区域显微硬度分布基本一致,焊后双时效提高了O相组织的析出而起到强化作用并提高了接头的显微硬度。焊前为固溶态+焊后双时效处理的接头室温抗拉强度最高且为1 193 MPa;焊后双时效处理的接头室温拉伸断口以准解理断裂为主,焊后单时效处理的接头室温拉伸断口以解理断裂为主,且解理小平面尺寸较大,抗拉强度稍低。焊前为固溶态+焊后双时效处理的接头在650℃高温下的抗拉强度依然最高且为986MPa,断口上能够观察到较浅的韧窝,为沿晶的韧性断裂;焊前为固溶态+时效处理的接头断口形貌基本相同,接头断裂形式以解理断裂为主,并含有少量的准解理断口。     

焊接速度对DP590双相钢板激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、拉伸试验机及硬度计等研究了焊接速度对激光焊接DP590双相钢板接头组织和性能的影响。结果表明:该接头组织主要由马氏体和贝氏体组成,随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝中马氏体板条变得细短且体积分数增大,热影响区组织逐渐细化;接头表面硬度以焊缝为中心呈对称分布,且从焊缝至母材整体呈下降趋势,焊缝区的显微硬度较高,约为母材的1.6倍;接头试样拉伸后均在母材区发生断裂,不同速度焊接后DP590钢板接头的抗拉强度均不低于母材的,伸长率与母材的相当,焊接速度对接头拉伸性能的影响很小。     

Al-Si镀层对22MnB5钢激光焊接接头组织和性能的影响

为研究Al-Si镀层对22Mn B5钢激光焊接接头焊缝区显微组织、显微硬度和拉伸性能的影响,利用IPG YLR-6000型光纤激光器对1.5 mm厚有/无Al-Si镀层22Mn B5钢进行激光焊接试验。结果表明:带Al-Si镀层样品焊缝和熔合区的显微组织均为板条马氏体+富铝δ铁素体,而去Al-Si镀层样品焊缝和熔合区的显微组织则为板条马氏体。其主要原因在于:在激光焊接过程中Al-Si镀层熔化并进入焊接熔池,由于Al元素在焊缝部分区域及熔合区处富集,导致高温δ铁素体稳定性提高,同时在激光快速冷却的条件下,部分δ铁素体无法发生包晶转变而被保留至室温。两种焊接接头的整体显微硬度分布规律一致,焊接接头硬度均高于母材,但是由于带Al-Si镀层样品焊缝中存在软相δ铁素体导致其硬度低于去除Al-Si镀层焊缝。尽管Al-Si镀层对于显微组织和显微硬度产生了影响,但是对于拉伸性能未见影响,两种焊接接头拉伸断裂位置均出现在母材区,且为典型的韧性断裂。     

冷轧DP590双相钢板脉冲激光焊接接头的组织及性能

采用脉冲激光对接焊接1.0 mm厚冷轧DP590双相钢板,研究了焊接接头的显微组织、力学性能及成形性能。结果表明:焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的显微组织分别为板条马氏体,铁素体和板条马氏体、铁素体和马氏体;焊缝区、热影响区、母材的平均硬度分别为344,275,205HV;焊接接头拉伸断裂位置出现在母材区,为韧性断裂;杯突试验过程中裂纹在焊缝中心处形成后垂直于焊缝向热影响区和母材扩展,裂纹在焊缝区切断马氏体板条扩展,而在热影响区和母材区则沿着铁素体和马氏体界面扩展;焊接接头具有良好的成形性能,其杯突值为母材的81.9%,可满足实际生产要求。     

激光焊接对镀锌平板力学性能及拉伸断口影响研究

采用光纤激光对海工装备中的镀锌平板进行焊接,对镀锌平板焊接接头母材区、热影响区、焊缝区的微观硬度进行测量,研究了焊接试样的拉伸性能和断口形貌。结果表明,激光焊接接头的强度和硬度均高于母材。焊缝区接头组织获得了低碳马氏体,因而接头硬度不及热影响区高。     

激光焊接对镀锌平板力学性能及拉伸断口影响研究

采用光纤激光对海工装备中的镀锌平板进行焊接,对镀锌平板焊接接头母材区、热影响区、焊缝区的微观硬度进行测量,研究了焊接试样的拉伸性能和断口形貌。结果表明,激光焊接接头的强度和硬度均高于母材。焊缝区接头组织获得了低碳马氏体,因而接头硬度不及热影响区高。     

焊接速度对TRIP590高强钢激光焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

采用光纤激光器对1.5mm厚TRIP590钢板进行对接焊,观察了接头的宏观形貌和显微组织,测试了其硬度和拉伸性能,分析了焊接速度(0.050,0.067,0.083m·s~(-1))对焊缝成形、接头组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:较低和较高的焊接速度均不利于焊缝成形,焊缝表面均有较大的凹陷,焊接速度对组织与性能影响不大;焊缝区和近焊缝热影响区组织主要为马氏体组织,该区硬度较高,约为母材的2倍;近母材侧热影响区组织主要为铁素体和马氏体组织,且距焊缝越远,马氏体组织越少,硬度也急剧下降;焊接接头的屈服强度和抗拉强度均稍高于母材的,塑性略低于母材的;接头均在母材区发生断裂,且为韧性断裂。     

VM12耐热钢焊接接头力学性能和微观组织的研究

采用热丝TIG的方法制备VM12材料焊接接头,对焊态、焊后退火态以及时效热处理态接头的力学性能和金相组织展开研究。焊后观察到焊缝为马氏体+残余奥氏体组织,且焊缝硬度很高,经退火热处理后焊缝转变为回火马氏体,硬度降至300HV_(10)左右;接头经600℃和650℃时效热处理后,微观组织变化很小,材料高温稳定性较好。     

锥形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接铝锂合金接头组织及力学性能

采用锥形光头搅拌针搅拌摩擦焊接5mm厚铝锂合金轧制板材，并对接头微观组织、力学性能及断裂特性进行了深入研究。结果表明，接头由焊核区、热机影响区和热影响区构成。焊核区在焊接过程中发生动态再结晶，形成细小的等轴晶晶粒，晶界处分布有大量的偏析相，热影响区组织发生粗化，形成粗大的板条状组织，前进侧热机影响区组织发生回复反应，后退侧热机影响区发生回复 再结晶反应；硬度测试结果表明，接头发生软化，后退侧材料的软化区间和软化程度均高于前进侧；断口实验结果表明，接头断裂模式为解理断裂。     

焊后热处理对ASTM 4130钢焊接接头组织与性能的影响

通过金相观察、硬度和冲击试验,研究了不同保温时间的焊后热处理（PWHT）对ASTM 4130钢焊接接头显微组织、硬度、低温韧性的影响。结果表明,PWHT后,焊缝组织为铁素体、少量珠光体和碳化物,HAZ组织主要为回火索氏体、铁素体和贝氏体;造成熔合线附近硬度较高、韧性较低的原因是组织的粗化和上贝氏体的形成;随PWHT保温时间的延长,接头硬度降低,韧性改善。这主要是由于保温时间延长,使碳化物逐渐析出,其弥散强化效应和回火索氏体中合金元素固溶强化效应降低,同时,碳化物弥散度的降低也使得接头应力集中程度降低。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-MIG hybrid welding of 1420 Al-Li alloy

This paper investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of 1420 aluminum–lithium (Al-Li) alloy joints before and after heat treatment by CO₂ laser-metal inter gas (MIG) hybrid welding. The 5-mm-thick 1420 Al-Li alloy plates were welded by CO₂ laser-MIG hybrid welding. Full penetration joints without any defects were produced. Optic and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the microstructure and fractograph characteristics. The results show that the microstructures of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone exist as a predominantly discontinuous equiaxed dendritic structure and as a fine cellular dendritic structure, respectively. After heat treatment, the microstructures change from dendritic structure to a spheroidal crystal; the grain size of fusion zone is obviously larger than that of the base metal and the HAZ. Furthermore, the hardness recovers substantially to a level similar to that of the parent material. The tensile strengths of the joints in the as-welded condition and after heat treatment are 223 and 267 MPa, reaching up to 57 and 68 % of the parent materials’ strength, respectively. The fractographs show that the joint as-welded condition exhibits the characteristics of dominated dimples and a small amount tear ridges, which are associated with the mixed ductile and brittle facture mechanisms. The fracture mode transforms from a transgranular to an intergranular after heat treatment; cleavage cracking coupled with an intergranular microvoid coalescence fracture mechanism occurs.     

High-temperature mechanical properties investigation of Al-6.5 % Cu gas tungsten arc welds made with scandium modified 2319 filler

The present study has investigated the influence of scandium additions on the structure and mechanical properties of AA2219 gas tungsten arc (GTA) weldments. Controlled amounts of scandium modified AA2319 fillers were introduced into the molten pool of AA2219 by predeposited cast inserts under different welding conditions in GTA welding. Full penetration GTA welds were prepared using alternating current. It was observed that grain size decreased with increasing amounts of scandium and gradual transformation from columnar to equiaxed grain morphology. The observed grain refinement was shown to result in an appreciable increase in fusion zone hardness, strength, and ductility. Room temperature hardness and tensile properties at different temperatures (room temperature, 100, 150, 200 and 250 °C) of weldments in the as-welded condition were observed and correlated with microstructure. The results show that the welds subjected to post-weld aging treatment have displayed superior hardness and tensile strength.     

激光熔覆Inconel718合金涂层与基体界面的组织及力学性能

研究了激光熔覆Inconel718合金涂层与基体界面的微观组织及力学性能,结果表明：由于强化相的溶解,热影响区的硬度及强度降低,典型激光熔覆工艺条件下,扫描速度越快,热影响区越窄;熔覆层底部无平面晶组织,熔合区结合致密,化学成分一致,组织过渡平滑,熔覆层内部为枝晶组织,晶间有较多的Laves相,硬度较热影响区高;时效热处理后,热影响区及熔覆层的强度接近原始基材,界面区域力学性能过渡的平滑性改善。     

高氮钢复合焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

热输入对焊接接头组织与力学性能有重要影响。采用激光-电弧复合焊接方法,研究了不同电弧能量和激光能量下的接头组织、焊缝氮含量、拉伸与冲击性能及接头显微硬度。研究表明：焊缝组织为奥氏体+少量δ铁素体,焊缝中析出的δ铁素体随热输入加大而增多;当电流达到200A后,熔池液态金属中氮的溶解近于饱和,即使焊接电流增大,焊缝氮含量依然趋于恒定;而当激光功率增至2.0kW后,焊接过程中的匙孔维持在稳定状态,焊缝氮含量也近于恒定;拉伸断裂位置均在焊缝区,当焊接电流为200A时,平均拉伸强度最高,达到967.58MPa,当激光功率为1.6kW时,平均拉伸强度可达962.88MPa;焊缝冲击功随激光功率的增大呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,但随电流的增大其变化趋势相反;熔合线的冲击功随着焊接参数的变化呈现出相同的变化趋势,焊缝和熔合线的最大平均冲击功分别为47.60J和62.85J;拉伸和冲击的断裂形式均为韧性断裂;焊缝区显微硬度最低,导致拉伸测试时均断裂于焊缝区。     

钢液固态力学性能的实验研究

本文采用凝固法,在Gleeble-1500动态热力模拟实验机上首次对0.11%C网液态模锻法兰材料进行了凝固过程液固态力学性能的实验测定。结果表明：0.11%C钢液固态存在三个力学性能行为不同的区域：抗拉强度为零,断裂应变较高但随温度降低而急剧下降的Ⅰ区;抗拉强度逐渐形成,断裂应变进一步减小的Ⅱ区;抗拉强度和断裂应变随温度下降而急剧增加的Ⅲ区。很明显Ⅱ区（约1495～1505℃）是热裂纹最易形成的热脆性区。对试样断口形貌的观察和分析进一步证实了实验结果。     

Thermo-mechanical treatments of Sc- and Mg-modified Al–Cu alloy welds

High-strength heat-treatable aluminum alloy AA2219 finds application in aerospace industries. Though it has good weldability, with alternating current–tungsten inert gas welding, the joint efficiency obtained is only 40%, particularly in thicker plates. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the weld metal properties by modifying the chemistry of fusion zone and post-weld thermo-mechanical treatments. Fillers were made through casting route by melting conventional 2319 filler with Sc and Mg. Two levels of Sc (0.3% and 0.6%) and four levels of Mg (0.3% to 0.6%) were varied. Compressive deformation was done on the fusion zone of the weld to get three levels of percentage of reduction (4%, 8%, and 12%). As welded specimens and welds after compressive deformation, those were subjected to post-weld aging treatments at 190ºC for different periods up to 100 h. Compressive deformation on the welds made with modified filler of 2319 with Sc and Mg resulted in significant improvement in the weld metal strength.