快淬和退火对Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Ce_(0.8)合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备了稀土Ce掺杂的Fe83Ga17Ce0.8铸态合金,然后对其进行快淬处理,获得Fe83Ga17Ce0.8快淬态合金,最后对Fe83Ga17Ce0.8快淬态合金在1 223K下进行退火热处理5h。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和磁致伸缩测试方法研究了快淬和退火对合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响。结果表明,Fe83Ga17Ce0.8铸态合金由bcc结构的Fe(Ga)相和少量的CeFe2第二相组成。Fe83Ga17Ce0.8快淬态合金除了含有大量的Fe(Ga)相和少量的CeFe2相外,合金中还出现了非对称DO3结构的Fe3Ga相。Fe83Ga17Ce0.8快淬态合金经退火热处理后,合金中的CeFe2相转化为贫稀土Ce2Fe17相。在外磁场为557kA/m时,Fe83Ga17Ce0.8快淬态合金的磁致伸缩系数(3.82×10-4)明显大于铸态合金(3.56×10-4)和退火态合金(1.82×10-4)的磁致伸缩系数。     

热处理对快淬Fe83Ga17Ce0.8合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备了稀土Ce掺杂的Fe83Ga17Ce0.8铸态合金,然后对其进行快淬处理,获得快淬态Fe83Ga17Ce0.8合金,最后对快淬态Fe83Ga17Ce0.8合金在不同温度(850℃、950℃和1050℃)下进行退火处理5h.用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜及能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和磁致伸缩测试方法研究了退火温度对合金结构和磁致伸缩性能的影响.结果表明,快淬态Fe83Ga17Ce0.88合金经退火处理后,合金中的CeFe2相转化为贫稀土Ce2Fe17相.随退火温度的升高,合金的磁致伸缩系数绝对值先减小后大幅度增大.退火温度为1050℃时,合金的磁致伸缩系数达最大(在外磁场为398 kA/m时,磁致伸缩系数为656×10-6).磁致伸缩系数的增大与该合金中形成较多的Ce2Fe17相以及合金中A2相沿[100]方向择优取向有关.     

真空磁场热处理对Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金磁致伸缩性能的影响

研究了磁场热处理对Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95多晶合金磁致伸缩性能的影响.将定向凝固得到的多晶合金,在真空条件下,加热到居里点附近不同温度,在加磁场下保温一定时间后冷却到室温,测量其磁致伸缩系数,并且进行X衍射分析.实验结果表明,在稍低于居里点的温度,沿垂直于棒的轴线加磁场保温一定时间后冷却,合金的磁致伸缩系数明显提高,沿样品棒轴线的晶体取向有一定程度的改变.     

Fe-Ga-B合金室温塑性及轧制材料磁致伸缩性能

研究了0.5%(原子分数)B对Fe83 Ga17合金室温力学性能的影响及(Fe81 Ga19)99.5 B0.5轧制薄片磁致伸缩性能.结果表明,少量B添加提高了Fe-Ga合金的室温塑性,实现(Fe81 Ga19)99.5 B0.5合金的轧制成形.热处理对(Fe81 Ga19)99.5 B0.5合金薄片材料磁致伸缩性能有很大影响.在同一热处理制度条件下,磁致伸缩性能随变形量的增加而减小;对于变形量为93.5%的样品,同一热处理时间,样品磁致伸缩性能随热处理温度的升高而增加,同一热处理温度时,样品磁致伸缩性能都表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,样品在1300℃保温2h后,磁致伸缩性能最好,达到1.65×10-4.热处理对(Fe81 Ga19)99.5 B0.5合金薄片材料磁致伸缩性能的影响归因于对样品织构的影响.具有{100}＜012＞织构样品的磁致伸缩性能最高,而{111}＜110＞和{111}＜112＞织构对应的磁致伸缩性能较低.     

液位传感器用磁致伸缩FeCo合金特性研究

研究了加工工艺和热处理工艺对Fe63Co合金饱和磁致伸缩系数(sλ)的影响。饱和磁致伸缩系数(sλ)最好为6.75×10-5。试验表明该合金的饱和磁致伸缩系数对热处理工艺不敏感。     

热处理对Fe81Ga19合金组织结构与磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备了Fe81Ga19合金多晶样品,研究了不同热处理工艺对合金组织结构及磁致伸缩性能的影响.样品经过700℃、800℃和900℃保温后采用空冷、炉冷和淬火3种冷却方式.结果显示,经过不同热处理后样品的微观组织均为单相bcc结构,而磁致应变从34×10-8到94×10-6不等;当热处理温度为800℃时,淬火处理后可获得较好的磁致伸缩性能(88×10-6),而热处理温度较高(900℃)时,采用炉冷的方式可获得较好的磁致伸缩性能(94×10-6).推测热处理方式和晶体取向对Fe81Ga19合金磁致伸缩性能有较重要的影响.     

Fe-Ga超磁致伸缩材料的性能和中子衍射分析

Fe-Ga合金具有较大的磁致伸缩应变λ,低的饱和磁化场.Fe83Ga17饱和磁致伸缩应变可以达到3.00×10-4.为了进一步验证不同相结构对合金磁致伸缩性能的影响,对样品进行中子衍射和差热分析,发现Fe83Ga17合金在700℃附近存在相结构变化,结构变化导致合金磁致伸缩系数的改变.     

添加元素Al对Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金组织结构及性能的影响

研究了Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95合金中添加少量Al替代Fe时,对合金晶体结构、显微组织、磁致伸缩系数影响.结果发现,添加Al没有改变合金的晶体结构,随着Al添加量的增加,晶体显微组织中的析出物增加;在一定的磁场强度下,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量而变化,当磁场强度低于40kA/m时,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量的变化曲线出现一峰值,当磁场强度高于40kA/m时,磁致伸缩系数随Al添加量的增加而降低.     

热处理温度对TbFe2/Fe交换耦合磁致伸缩多层膜的影响

采用直流磁控溅射在20mm×5mm×240μm抛光单晶硅片上制备了TbFe2/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜,主要研究了热处理温度对TbFe2/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜磁致伸缩系数的影响.采用量热分析法(DSC)、XPS以及光杠杆测试法对TbFe2/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜的晶化曲线、成分随深度的变化以及磁致伸缩系数进行了分析与测试.结果表明TbFe2薄膜的起始晶化温度为327℃,晶化温度为372℃;TbFe2/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜的最佳热处理温度为327℃,在此热处理温度下热处理60min,外加磁场1.6×104A/m时,TbFe2/Fe磁致伸缩多层膜磁致伸缩系数可达1.56×10-4.采用XPS分析了一个周期的TbFe2/Fe成分随薄膜深度的变化,未经热处理的薄膜Fe层和TbFe2层之间界面清晰,两层之间有少量的扩散.经327℃热处理60min的薄膜Fe层和TbFe2层界面发生了互扩散,原子数之比也发生了改变.     

自旋旋转在La(Fe,Al)13超磁致伸缩中的关键作用

磁致伸缩可作为电磁能和机械能之间的高效转换途径,是基础研究以及技术应用等方面重要的材料性能.然而,在其微观成因的理解方面仍然存在挑战,这对磁致伸缩材料的发展非常重要.本文利用原位磁场和温度场下的粉末中子衍射技术首次揭示了自旋旋转对La(Fe,Al)₁₃超磁致伸缩的关键作用. La(Fe,Al)₁₃超磁致伸缩性能是由磁场驱动的倾斜结构磁矩旋转引起的,其中铁磁成分的急剧增加促使晶格内部二十面体伸长,进而产生巨大的磁致伸缩.此外,本文揭示了La(Fe,Al)₁₃精确的倾斜磁结构特征.本研究提供了一种通过磁场诱导自旋旋转途径探索新型磁致伸缩功能材料的策略.     

Fe及Fe83Ga17和Fe83Ga17Pr0.3合金的微结构与磁致伸缩性能

本研究对比研究了Fe、Fe_(83)Ga_(17)及Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)磁致伸缩材料的微结构与磁致伸缩性能。采用真空非自耗电弧炉在氩气保护下熔炼制备了合金样品。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和光学显微镜(OM)分析观察了合金样品的晶体结构和显微组织。采用扫描电镜配合能谱仪(SEM/EDS)测定了稀土Pr元素在Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金中的分布。通过电阻应变法测量了合金的磁致伸缩性能。结果表明:Fe和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)合金均由单一的bcc结构A2相组成,而Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金由A2主相和少量的富稀土Pr相组成。稀土Pr掺杂使合金中的A2相沿〈100〉晶向择优取向。Fe及Fe_(83)Ga_(17)和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金的微观组织分别呈现细长的条状晶、晶粒粗大的等轴晶和晶粒细小的柱状晶。Fe的磁致伸缩系数为负值,而Fe_(83)Ga_(17)和Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)合金的磁致伸缩系数均为正值,三种材料的磁致伸缩系数绝对值的排序为FeFe_(83)Ga_(17)Fe_(83)Ga_(17)Pr_(0.3)。     

Structure and magnetostriction of (Dy0.7Tb0.3)(0.5)Pr0.5Fex alloys (1.10 <= x <= 1.85)

The structure and magnetostriction of R0.5Pr0.5Fex, (R = Dy0.7Tb0.3, 1.10 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 1.85) alloys were investigated. It was found that the matrix of are-melting R0.5Pr0.5Fex, alloys is the (Dy, Tb, Pr) Fe-2 phase with the MgCu2-type cubic structure and the second phase is rare earth-rich phase when x<1.25. In the range of 1.40 less than or equal to x<1.55, the second phase is (Dy, Tb, Pr)Fe-3 and it becomes the main phase when x >1.55. The crystalline structure of mechanically grinding R0.5Pr0.5Fex, alloys is similar to that of the are-melted alloys. The magnetostriction of the alloys increases with increasing Fe content when x less than or equal to 1.25 and decreases when x>1.25.     

Structure and Magnetic Properties of Fe_(76.5)Si_(13.5)B_9Cu_1 Alloy with Nanoscale Grain Size

The structure and magnetic properties of Fe76.5Si13.5B9Cu1 alloys with a nanocrystalline (NC) bcc Fe(Si) phase trom about 23 to 46 nm in diameter, which were first formed into amorphous ribbons and then annealed at various temperatures between 703 and 773 K, have been investigated. At annealing temperatures from 703 to 748 K, the single NC bcc(Si) phase is obtained in the crystallized alloys. The grain size and the Si-content in the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase for the alloys annealed at different temperatures are presented. The soft magnetic properties and the saturation magnetostriction for the alloys with the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase are also measured. The results show that, the saturation magnetizotion and the permeability are improved for the alloys with only the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase and become better with decreasing of the NC bcc phase size, and the saturation magnetostriction declines for the alloys with increasing Si-content in the NC bcc Fe(Si) phase.     

Microstructure control for developing Fe–Pd ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

The effect of microstructure on the ferromagnetic shape memory effect in Fe–Pd alloys was examined focusing on the orientation distribution, the grain boundary character and the grain size. Fe–29.7–31.0 at.%Pd polycrystals composed of columnar or equiaxed grains were prepared and their magnetostriction was measured under a magnetic field up to 10 kOe. The magnetostriction of the columnar crystals was much larger than that of the equiaxed ones due to the development of 〈100〉 fibre texture and 〈100〉 tilt grain boundary. In particular, a large magnetostriction of 4.5×10⁻⁴ was obtained even in the polycrystals. The grain boundaries of the columnar crystals also influenced the variant selection of martensites, resulting in strong dependence of the magnetostriction on the direction of magnetic field. Larger grain size did not always result in larger magnetostriction in Fe–Pd alloys. An increase in the grain size of the alloys was sometimes accompanied by the development of several sets of twin variants within a grain, resulting in a decrease in the magnetostriction.     

新型磁致伸缩材料Fe-Ga合金的研究进展

Fe-Ga合金具有饱和磁场低、磁导率高、强度高、脆性小和温度特性好等优点,而且价格较低廉,使Fe-Ga合金在磁致伸缩器件领域具有广阔的应用前景.综述了该合金最近的研究工作,包括磁致伸缩机理、制备与热处理工艺以及提高和改善Fe-Ga合金性能的途径,并展望了今后Fe-Ga合金的发展.     

Effect of rapid solidification on giant magnetostriction in ferromagnetic shape memory iron-based alloys

Ferromagnetic shape memory Fe–29.6 at.% Pd alloy ribbons prepared by the rapid solidification, melt-spinning method, showed a giant magnetostriction of 830 microstrain when an external magnetic field of 7 kOe was applied nearly normal to the ribbon surface at room temperature. This ribbon’s magnetostriction was several times as large as conventional polycrystalline bulk’s one before rapid solidification. The magnetostriction in the rolling direction depended strongly on a direction of applied magnetic field. We considered that this phenomenon is caused by a rearrangement of activated martensite twin variants just below the austenite phase transformation temperature. We investigated their basic material properties, i.e. the dependencies of magnetostriction on temperature as well as on magnetic angular orientation to the surface, magnetic properties, crystal structure, surface texture morphology and shape memory effect of Fe–29.6 at.% Pd ribbon samples by comparing with conventional bulk sample. It can be concluded that the remarkable anisotropy of giant magnetostriction of ribbon sample is caused by the unique uniaxial-oriented fine grain structure formed by the melt-spinning method. In addition, we confirmed the possibility of rapidly solidified Fe–Pt ribbon as a new kind of iron-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys for magnetostrictive material.     

宽过冷液相区铁基非晶合金的形成和磁性

用熔体急冷法制备出具有明显的玻璃转变和较宽的过冷液相区的Fe-Co-(Nb)-Zr-B非晶合金,研究了热稳定性和软磁性能。结果表明,在Fe-Co-Zr-B四元合金中添加适量的Nb可以显著扩大过冷液相区,提高合金的热稳定性。当冷却速率降低时,急冷合金具有非晶和纳米晶的复相结构。非晶合金的饱和磁化强度随Nb含量的增加而减小。不同Nb含量的非晶合金的饱和磁致伸缩系数均较低。在低于晶化温度的温度下退火可以有效地降低矫顽力,改善软磁性能。晶化导致软磁性能降低。     

Effect of rapid solidification on giant magnetostriction in ferromagnetic shape memory iron-based alloys

Ferromagnetic shape memory Fe–29.6 at.% Pd alloy ribbons prepared by the rapid solidification, melt-spinning method, showed a giant magnetostriction of 830 microstrain when an external magnetic field of 7 kOe was applied nearly normal to the ribbon surface at room temperature. This ribbon's magnetostriction was several times as large as conventional polycrystalline bulk's one before rapid solidification. The magnetostriction in the rolling direction depended strongly on a direction of applied magnetic field. We considered that this phenomenon is caused by a rearrangement of activated martensite twin variants just below the austenite phase transformation temperature. We investigated their basic material properties, i.e. the dependencies of magnetostriction on temperature as well as on magnetic angular orientation to the surface, magnetic properties, crystal structure, surface texture morphology and shape memory effect of Fe–29.6 at.% Pd ribbon samples by comparing with conventional bulk sample. It can be concluded that the remarkable anisotropy of giant magnetostriction of ribbon sample is caused by the unique uniaxial-oriented fine grain structure formed by the melt-spinning method. In addition, we confirmed the possibility of rapidly solidified Fe–Pt ribbon as a new kind of iron-based ferromagnetic shape memory alloys for magnetostrictive material.     

Preparation of giant magnetostrictive materials under microgravity condition

In this paper, we investigated the possibility of preparation of TbFe₂ giant magnetostrictive alloys under a microgravity condition using 6 m drop-tube system on basis of a feasibility study by JAMIC drop-tower. The diameters of TbFe₂ alloy droplets varied from 1.1 to 2.1 mm were obtained. The magnetostriction of 1.1 mm droplet shows the highest value of about 1600 ppm at external magnetic field of 15 kOe. The magnetostriction of TbFe₂ droplets increased with decreasing diameter. It was suggested that a cooling rate during free-fall in helium gas atmosphere and oil quenching influenced the magnetostriction of the samples. We concluded that 6 m drop-tube system could be potential the continuous preparation process for high performance TbFe₂ giant magnetostrictive alloys.     

Thermal, magnetic, and magnetoelastic data on three different Heusler alloys based on Ni-Mn-X (X=Ga, in, or Sn)

This paper reports on a study of the influence of In and Sn substitution for Ga in Ni/sub 2/MnGa on the magnetism and magnetostriction in arc-melted-and-cast and directionally solidified alloys. Magnetostriction measurements were carried out from room temperature down to -125/spl deg/C for these alloys. Magnetic property measurements for the stoichiometric as arc-melted-and-cast rods of Ni/sub 2/MnGa, Ni/sub 2/MnSn, and Ni/sub 2/MnIn show room temperature Ms values of 58.8, 44.3, and 39.1 emu/g, respectively. Each of the stoichiometric alloys reveals similar magnetostrictive behavior with respect to temperature. For near-stoichiometric compositions, the behavior of magnetostriction in Ni-Mn-In and Ni-Mn-Sn is comparable to that in Ni-Mn-Ga in the directionally solidified samples.