共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
对目前几种用于测量低温气液两相流空泡率方法的基本原理、传感器结构及国内外研究情况进行了综述,包括辐射法(射线吸收法)、微波法、射频法、电容法,分析了4种方法的优缺点,在比较4种方法的基础上,提出了目前采用电容传感器测量气液两相低温液体空泡率的优势及设计准则. 相似文献
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This paper reports the specific features of the radio frequency method used to measure characteristics of cryogenic flows. The techniques for determination of the void fraction and quality of two-phase flows and the mean integral thermodynamic characteristics of single-phase flows, e.g. temperature and density, are described. The design and basic parameters of sensors with channels of round and annular cross-section are discussed. Possible combinations of these sensors with other devices for the measurement of two-phase and single-phase medium flow rates are shown. Information about the measuring system as well as measurement results for helium and nitrogen are presented. The sensor characteristics for hydrogen and methane have been estimated theoretically. 相似文献
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A new type of electrokinetic micromixer with a ring-type channel is introduced for fast mixing. The proposed mixer takes two fluids from different inlets and combines them in a ring-type mixing chamber. The fluids enter two different inlets (inner radius: 25 microm and outer radius: 50 microm), respectively. The total channel length is 500 microm, and four microelectrodes are positioned on the outer wall of the mixing chamber. The electric potentials on the four microelectrodes are sinusoidal with time, having various maximum values of voltage, zeta potential and frequency. Also, in order to compare the mixing performance with different obstacle configurations, we performed a numerical analysis using a commercial code, COMSOL. The concentration of the dissolved substances in the working fluid and the flow and electric fields in the channel were investigated and the results were graphically depicted for various flow and electric conditions. 相似文献
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Saba Mylvaganam 《Particulate Science and Technology》2003,21(3):293-301
Acoustic emission (AE) has been used in many applications in the field of particle science and technology. AE sensors have been used in particle concentration measurements both in gas-continuous and oil-continuous flows in the oil and gas industry. To avoid formation sand flowing into pipelines, leading to erosion of valves and in many cases even to complete blockage of the flow of oil and gas, AE sensors are almost exclusively used in sand monitoring and control. These are very often among standard sensors stipulated by the operators of oil and gas production facilities in offshore, on shore, and subsea applications. Special types of sensor design have led to easy mounting of these AE sensors, which are very often clamp-on devices. This article presents a brief overview of AE-based particle monitoring in general and focuses on flange-mounted sensors in the monitoring of particle flow. By using two or more AE sensors located suitably in the process line, the particle velocity can also be evaluated, as is shown in examples using correlation in this article. The AE sensors can easily be adapted to detect malfunctioning of the process line, whether pneumatic lines or silos, just by analyzing the time series of signals from strategically based AE sensors along the process lines. Some examples are given based on recent measurement data. Finally, the article presents an overview of possibilities for improved particle flow monitoring using a multisensor suite incorporating AE sensors with other sensors/detectors such as those derived from capacitance, resistance, gamma ray, microwave, and optical devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as fuzzy logic and neural network algorithms, used in handling the data from these sensors lead to faster and more reliable control. Some of these topics are addressed also. 相似文献
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SABA MYLVAGANAM 《Particulate Science and Technology》2013,31(3):293-301
Acoustic emission (AE) has been used in many applications in the field of particle science and technology. AE sensors have been used in particle concentration measurements both in gas-continuous and oil-continuous flows in the oil and gas industry. To avoid formation sand flowing into pipelines, leading to erosion of valves and in many cases even to complete blockage of the flow of oil and gas, AE sensors are almost exclusively used in sand monitoring and control. These are very often among standard sensors stipulated by the operators of oil and gas production facilities in offshore, on shore, and subsea applications. Special types of sensor design have led to easy mounting of these AE sensors, which are very often clamp-on devices. This article presents a brief overview of AE-based particle monitoring in general and focuses on flange-mounted sensors in the monitoring of particle flow. By using two or more AE sensors located suitably in the process line, the particle velocity can also be evaluated, as is shown in examples using correlation in this article. The AE sensors can easily be adapted to detect malfunctioning of the process line, whether pneumatic lines or silos, just by analyzing the time series of signals from strategically based AE sensors along the process lines. Some examples are given based on recent measurement data. Finally, the article presents an overview of possibilities for improved particle flow monitoring using a multisensor suite incorporating AE sensors with other sensors/detectors such as those derived from capacitance, resistance, gamma ray, microwave, and optical devices. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as fuzzy logic and neural network algorithms, used in handling the data from these sensors lead to faster and more reliable control. Some of these topics are addressed also. 相似文献
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The effect of phase distribution (flow pattern) is considered for determining the volume fraction in two-phase pipelines. Experiments were performed with a variety of capacitance sensor designs. It was found that for a well-agitated mixture, two flow patterns occur for different compositions of the mixture, resulting in a discontinuous calibration curve. Sensitivity loss was found when the continuous phase was electrically conducting. This results in operational difficulties in applications to oil wells. It is concluded that capacitive sensors are practical only when the continuous phase is nonconductive or as a low electrical conductivity 相似文献
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提出一种基于多目标优化并行感知器的极限学习机(MO-PLP-ELM)及电容层析成像(ECT)技术的两相流流型辨识算法.首先,为保证样本具有代表性,采用随机思想生成7类流型的训练及测试样本集;其次,对样本模型的电容数据归一化处理;最后,采用MO-PLP-ELM算法进行流型辨识,并与常用的BP神经网络、支持向量机、极限学习... 相似文献
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《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2009,58(2):411-415
Based on the 12-electrode electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system and the ant system algorithm (ASA), a new method was proposed for online voidage measurement of oil-gas two-phase flow. In practical voidage measurement, based on the 66 measurement capacitances obtained from the ECT system, the real-time flow pattern of oil-gas two-phase flow was first identified. Then, according to the flow pattern identification result, an appropriate measurement model was selected, and the measurement voidage value was calculated. The measurement models related to the flow pattern were developed in advance using the ASA. Static and dynamic experimental results show that the proposed voidage measurement method is effective. Moreover, the real-time performance and measurement accuracy are satisfactory. 相似文献
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Experimental measurements of the void fraction in two-phase single component upward flow of both helium and nitrogen were carried out using the capacitance probe technique. An electronic circuit was designed and constructed to accurately detect small changes in the dielectric constant resulting from changes in density in the two-phase flow. A coaxial capacitance probe at the exit of the test section was used as the sensing element to pick up changes in void fraction.Tests were carried out at both adiabatic and diabatic conditions on two test section sizes (6.35 and 2.75 mm id and each 1000 mm long) with exit quality ranging from 0 to 100%, liquid flow of 5 to 35 lh?1 and inlet pressures of 1 to 2 atm.Analysis of the data indicates that the slip ratio (obtained from quality and void fraction measurements) is affected primarily by pressure, mixture quality, superficial velocity and to a lesser degree by the size of the test section.The data of helium and nitrogen is also compared with the predictions of Lockhart-Martinelli, Levy and the homogeneous models. 相似文献
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Application of electrical capacitance tomography to the void fraction measurement of two-phase flow 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
Zhiyao Huang Baoliang Wang Haiqing Li 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2003,52(1):7-12
Based on the electrical capacitance tomography technique, a new method for the void fraction measurement of two-phase flow is proposed. A 12-electrode void fraction measurement system is established. A mathematical model of image reconstruction of electrical capacitance tomography is developed. To obtain the quantitative information of two-phase flow, combining the Tikhonov regularization principle and the algebraic reconstruction technique algorithm, a new image reconstruction algorithm is presented. The experimental results show that the accuracy of void fraction measurement is satisfactory. The proposed method is suitable for the void fraction measurement of many kinds of two-phase flow. 相似文献
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The Use of Capacitance Sensors for Phase Percentage Determination in Multiphase Pipelines 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》1980,29(1):24-27
A variety of capacitance designs are considered for determining the volume fractions in two-phase pipelines. Experimental results are compared for the most promising structures and for slug (SL) and stratified (ST) flow patterns. It is concluded that the most practical linear sensor is the double helix capacitance, although in some instances a four concave-plate structure may be preferred for greater sensitivity and simplicity of construction if the flow pattern is known. 相似文献
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电容层析成像图像重建是一个非线性及病态性逆问题。基于此,提出了基于迭代重加权最小二乘法的鲁棒正则化极限学习机(RELM-IRLS)算法的电容层析成像图像重建方法,以油/气两相流为研究对象,通过有限元仿真构建随机分布流型,对RELM-IRLS算法完成训练,并与Landweber迭代算法及极限学习机算法进行对比,RELM-IRLS算法的测试集平均误差相比极限学习机算法减小4.6%。仿真及静态实验结果均表明, RELM-IRLS算法所得重建图像质量得到明显提升,且算法具有良好的泛化性能。 相似文献
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提出了基于电容层析成像(ECT)测量电容信号稀疏性的两相流流型辨识算法,该算法首先使用所有流型对应的归一化测量电容值信号构建一个过完备字典,并将待辨识样本通过该过完备字典进行稀疏表示,使其具有稀疏性并满足稀疏重构的基本要求,然后以压缩感知的正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法求取各标准样本对应于完备样本集的稀疏解,最后根据待辨识... 相似文献
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A switched-capacitor (SC) interface for capacitive sensors based on a modified Martin's relaxation oscillator is proposed. The output signal is the duty-cycle of a pulse-width modulated square-wave voltage or a binary-coded digital signal which is directly related to the capacitance ratio of an unknown capacitance and reference capacitance. The circuit can be implemented in a monolithic IC form using CMOS technology. It requires a relatively small device count integrable onto a small chip area and its suited particularly for the on-chip interface circuitry for microprocessors 相似文献
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Preethichandra D.M.G. Shida K. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2001,50(6):1583-1586
This paper presents an easy-to-design interface circuit to measure very small-percentage capacitance variations in capacitive sensors, especially suitable for industrial measurements. A computer-controlled 24-bit A/D converter is employed to obtain a higher resolution. This interface circuit can be used with various types of capacitive sensors. The most interesting thing is, that the measurement results through this interface circuit are independent of the initial capacitance of the sensor. In addition, the double differential operating principle used here minimizes the error caused by coupling and stray capacitance of sensor probes. The operating principle of the designed interface circuit, the major assumptions made, test data, and possible future developments are discussed 相似文献
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《IEEE sensors journal》2008,8(9):1521-1522