热漏对内可逆四热源制冷系统的影响

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的基础上，建立不可逆吸收式制冷循环的模型，考虑环境热源到制冷空间的热漏以及工质与外部热源间的热阻损失，导出牛顿定律下循环的制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系、最大制冷系数及相应的制冷率和最大制冷率及相应的制冷系数；并通过数值计算分析了循环参数对循环的制冷率、制冷系数的影响。     

线性唯象传热定律下不可逆四热源制冷循环最优性能

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式制冷循环的基础上，考虑环境热源到制冷空间的热漏、工质的内部耗散以及工质与外部热源问的热阻损失，建立传热服从线性唯象定律的不可逆吸收式制冷循环的模型，导出循环的制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系、最大制冷系数及相应的制冷率和最大制冷率及相应的制冷系数，给出了最佳换热面积，并通过数值计算分析了设计参数对循环的制冷率、制冷系数的影响。所得结果对实际吸收式制冷机的设计和运行有一定的指导意义。     

传热规律、热漏和内不可逆性对吸收式热泵循环性能的影响

建立了考虑泵热空间到环境热源的热漏、工质循环的内部不可逆性以及工质与热源之间传热Q∝△(T^a)服从传热规律时的不可逆四热源吸收式热泵循环模型,导出了循环泵热率和泵热系数的一般关系;并导出了线性唯象传热定律时循环泵热率和泵热系数的基本优化关系、性能极值、循环中工质的最佳工作温度和换热器传热面积的最佳分配关系;通过数值耸例分析了传热规律、热漏和内不可逆性对循环性能的影响规律,比较了传热面积最优分配前后循环的最优性能。     

Q∝(△T-1)时内可逆卡诺热机的频率特性

以内可逆卡诺热机模型为基础，考虑工质与热源间传热服从线性唯象传热定律Q∝（△T^-1），寻求循环频率与热机特性的关系，通过分析，得出了不同于牛顿传热定律时的循环功率、效率以及可利用温差与循环频率和循环吸、放热时间比的关系，对合理的选择热机工作点有一定的指导意义。     

热阻、热漏和内不可逆性对两级吸收式制冷循环性能的影响

建立考虑工质与外部热源间的传热损失、内不可逆性损失及外部热源热漏损失的不可逆两级吸收式制冷循环模型,给出制冷系数和制冷率的一般关系。在6个换热器总热导率一定时,对循环性能进行优化,导出循环制冷率和制冷系数的基本优化关系,并得到制冷率和制冷系数的极值。通过数值算例,分析热阻、热漏和内不可逆性损失对循环性能的影响规律。     

不可逆吸收式热泵循环的基本优化关系及性能分析

在恒温热源内可逆四热源吸收式热泵循环的基础上，建立了线性(牛顿)传热定律下考虑泵热空间到环境热源的热漏、工质的内部耗散以及工质与外部热源间的热阻损失的不可逆吸收式热泵循环模型。导出了总换热面积一定的条件下循环的泵热率和泵热系数的基本优化关系、最大泵热率和相应的泵热系数、最大泵热系数和相应的泵热率、以及循环中最佳工质工作温度和最佳换热面积分配关系；并通过数值算例分析了循环参数对循环最优性能的影响规律。     

q∝(△(Tn))m传热规律下换热过程最小熵产生优化

对一类高低温两侧工质之间传热服从普适传热规律q^∝（△（T^n））^m的简单换热过程进行了研究,在低温侧工质温度初终态一定的条件下,以过程的熵产生最小化为优化目标,导出了加热侧工质温度变化的最优构型。采用数值计算求解给出了算例,并与传统的热流率一定和加热侧工质温度一定两种换热策略进行了比较。得出了对应于最小熵产生时的熵产率为常数不仅在牛顿传热定律q^∝△T、线性唯象传热定律q^∝△T^-1时成立,而且在传热规律服从q^∝（△（T^n））^m时也成立的结论。结果具有一定的普适性和包容性,对实际换热器的设计与工作具有一定的理论指导作用。     

基于分析的不可逆变温热源四温位吸收式热变换器循环生态学性能

基于分析的观点,建立变温热源、不可逆、四温位吸收式热变换器的生态学目标,导出其生态学目标、泵热系数、泵热率和基本特性参数的一般关系式。该模型考虑热源热容量有限、热源与环境间的热漏、内部工质循环的不可逆以及热源与循环工质间的传热热阻。给出热导率和传热面积优化分配后循环的生态学性能,并进一步分析基于能量分析的生态学目标和基于分析的生态学目标性能的区别。     

导热规律服用q∞（△T）^n广义不可逆卡诺热机的最优性能

考虑工质与热源间热阻损失,用一常数项表示热漏损失和常系数项表示循环中除热阻和热漏外其余不可逆性，建立不可逆卡诺热机模型。基于另一类较为普遍的导热规律Q∞（△T）^n，导出热机的功率和效率最佳特性关系，由详细数值计算分析了热漏、内不可逆性和导热规律的影响特点。     

有限热源吸收式制冷机的热力学建模与分析

考虑了有限热容、有限速率传热以及工质内部耗散的影响,建立了吸收式制冷机的热力学模型.在该模型中,吸收式制冷机被等价为一个不可逆卡诺热机驱动不可逆卡诺制冷机的联合循环系统.为描述循环的内不可逆性,引入了两个内不可逆性参数Ihe和Ir.其中,Ihe用于描述热机循环的内不可逆性,Ir用于描述制冷循环的内不可逆性.通过对给定供热率下热机热效率和给定制冷率下两热源制冷机性能系数解析表达式的推导,并根据等价系统的定义,获得了吸收式制冷机给定制冷率下性能系数的解析表达式,利用该表达式详细地分析了各参数对性能系数的影响.所得公式和分析结论对实际系统的理解、设计以及分析具有一定的理论指导作用.     

Experimental investigation of heat transfer enhancement using impingement of multiple water jets

The problem of cooling electronic components has become a subject of special interest in recent years due to the increasing capacity and rapidly decreasing size of electronic components. Direct contact cooling using multiple jet impingement is considered the most effective method. The heat transfer problem is complex and a better understanding of the jet impingement method is essential for the proper application of this method for electronic cooling. Investigations were carried out using an electrically heated test plate. Heat flux in the range of 25 to $200 \ \hbox{W/cm}^{2}$ , which is a typical requirement for cooling high power electronic components was dissipated using 0.5‐mm diameter water jets arranged in a 7×7 array with a pitch of 3 mm. Temperature difference between the test plate and water was within $30 \ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$ . Tests were performed in the flow rate range of 22 to 40 ml/min, resulting in a Reynolds number range of 1100 to 1750. Results show a significant increase in the heat transfer coefficient or Nusselt number with an increase in heat flux. The effect of the flow rate or Reynolds number on the heat transfer coefficient is found to be negligible. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20291     

Augmentation of heat transfer through passive techniques

The thermal performance of energy preservation systems is greatly improved by increasing miniaturization and boosting. These are imaginative (or Promethean) techniques to enhance heat transfer. Enhancement methods of heat transfer draw great attention in front of the industrial sector because of their ability to provide energy savings and raise the economic efficiency of thermal systems. Three techniques these methods are categorized; those are active, passive, and compound. Different types of components are used in passive methods because of the transfer/working fluid flow path to the enhancement of the heat transfer rate. In this article, the subject of the review was the passive heat transfer enhancement methods including inserts (conical strips, winglets, twisted tapes, baffles), porous materials, coil/helical/spiral tubes, rough surfaces (corrugated/ribbed surfaces), extended surfaces (fins) and nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluid). Recent passive heat transfer enhancement techniques are studied in this article as they are cost-effective and reliable, and also comparably passive methods do not need any extra power to promote the energy conversion systems' thermal efficiency than active methods. In the passive approaches, various components are applied to the heat transfer/working fluid flow path to improve the heat transfer rate. The passive heat transfer enhancement methods studied in this article include inserts (twisted tapes, conical strips, baffles, winglets), extended surfaces (fins), porous materials, coil/helical/spiral tubes, rough surfaces (corrugated/ribbed surfaces), and nanofluids (mono and hybrid nanofluid). From the pioneers' research work, it is clear that a lower twist ratio and lower pitch, lesser winglet angles can provide more heat transfer rate and a little bit more friction factor. In the case of nanofluids, a little bit of pumping power is enhanced. Finally, heat transfer enhancement is compared with the thermal performance factor, which is more than unity.     

中餐炒菜灶的系统热效率分析

传统的鼓风式中餐炒菜灶热效率仅为20%左右,通过增加辐射壁,可强化传统炒菜灶的燃烧与换热过程,提高系统热效率。采用均匀搅拌反应器(PSR)模型,研究了炉内的燃烧与换热过程,建立了相应的传热模型,并对系统热效率进行了分析。研究发现改造后的新型中餐炒菜灶热效率有大幅度提高,具有显著的节能效果和应用前景。     

套管换热器对流换热的数值模拟研究

本文建立了一种复杂的数学模型用于预测套管式换热器内流体的流动及传热特性。数学模型包括计算流体力学模型和计算传热学模型。其中,计算传热学模型中的湍流扩散系数是利用温度方差t2和温度方差耗散率εt来求解,而不是利用通常采用的Pr数假设值或实验测定值来求解。为验证新建立模型预测结果的准确性,本文将数值模拟结果与文献中的实验结果进行了比较,结果吻合较好。     

LDV散热器传热特性的分析研究

散热器是发动机是重要部件总成。本文对上海汽车商用车技术中心LDV车用散热器的传热性能进行风洞试验,由实测试验数据,将管外横掠管簇的对流换热系数从传热系数中分离出来,整理成无量纲准则式,为散热器的优化设计提供参考依据。另外,对一些未做过性能试验的散热器的设计计算也能提供帮助。     

Inverse estimation of boundary conditions on radiant enclosures by temperature measurement on a solid object

In this paper, we present an inverse analysis to estimate the thermal boundary conditions over a two-dimensional radiant enclosure from the knowledge of the measured temperatures for some points on a solid object within the enclosure. The conduction heat transfer in the solid object and the radiative heat transfer between the surface elements of the enclosure are formulated by the finite volume method and the net radiative method, respectively. The resultant set of nonlinear equations is solved by the Newton's method. The inverse problem for estimation of boundary conditions over the radiant enclosure is solved by the conjugate gradient method.     

锥形内肋管传热与流阻性能的数值模拟

根据纵向涡强化传热技术提出了新型的强化换热管——锥形内肋管,运用数值模拟方法,研究了新型强化换热管结构参数锥底宽度a、导程P、肋深e和Re数对Nu、沿程阻力系数f及传热综合因子η的影响。结果表明：换热管内壁面边缘处产生了较多的微小涡流,有效破坏了流动边界层,强化了传热。在充分湍流的条件下,流体Re越小、e越小,其综合传热性能越强。当Re<15 000时,a对η的影响要大于P;在过渡点后, P对η影响较大。通过综合传热性能分析,给出了适合不同Re区间的锥形内肋优化参数。     

Application of Hermite wavelet method for heat transfer in a porous media

In this article, the flow and heat transfer for non-Newtonian viscoelastic fluid in an axisymmetric channel with a porous wall is investigated. Convective boundary conditions have been used in the problem formulation. We obtain coupled, highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations from the fundamental governing equations via appropriate similarity variables. The solution for velocity and temperature are computed by applying the Hermite wavelet method (HWM). The comparison between the results from the HWM, differential transform method, and numerical method are well in agreement which proves the capacity of HWM for solving such problems. The effects of Reynolds number and Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature are illustrated through graphs and tables for different values of an independent variable.     

Heat and fluid flow characteristics inside differentially heated square enclosures with single and multiple sliding walls

Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of differentially heated lid driven cavities are numerically modeled and analyzed in the present study. One‐, two‐, and four‐sided lid driven cavity configurations are considered with the vertical walls being maintained at different temperatures and the horizontal walls being thermally insulated. Eight different cavity configurations are considered depending on the direction of wall motion. The Prandtl number Pr is taken to be 0.7, the Grashof number is taken to be 10⁴, while two values for the Richardson number Ri are considered, 0.1 and 10. It is found that both the Richardson number and the cavity configuration affect the heat and fluid flow characteristics in the cavity. It is concluded that for Ri=0.1, a four‐sided driven cavity configuration with all walls rotating in the same direction would triple the value of the average Nusselt number at the cold wall when compared to a one‐sided driven cavity configuration. However, for Ri=10, the cavity configuration has minimal effect and all eight cases result in an average Nusselt number value at the cold wall ranging between 1.3 and 1.9. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20264     

对流传热计算中的烟气辐射放热系数α_1

本文提出锅炉对流传热计算中用到的烟气辐射放热系数α_(?)袭用炉内辐射传热的计算公式有误差,因为所对应的温压不同,应予改正。