嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种共生关系的研究进展

嗜热链球菌和德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是组成酸奶发酵剂的主要菌种,在长期共处于牛乳环境的过程中形成多种协同共生关系.这些协同共生关系赋予发酵剂菌株产酸快、黏度高、活性物质丰富等优良性能,同时对酸奶品质产生重要影响.该文旨在从营养供给、抵抗环境胁迫及酸奶品质改良等方面讨论两菌的协同共生关系,为提高发酵剂菌株活力及酸奶品质提供...     

保加利亚乳杆菌H+-ATPase弱化菌株的诱变选育

以保加利亚乳杆菌ND06(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND06)为出发菌株,利用硫酸新霉素诱变、筛选出一株H+-ArPase 弱化菌株ND06-6.该菌株在MRS培养基中,37℃培养18 h时,H+-ATPase活性为0.65 μmol/(mg· min),和出发菌株相比,H+-ATPase活性下降了35％.在脱脂乳培养基中培养0,4,8,12,16,20,24,36,48和72 h后,诱变菌株ND06-6的乳酸、乳糖和半乳糖的的代谢能力明显低于出发菌株.这些研究结果为弱后酸化酸奶发酵剂的开发和应用提供了理论依据.     

保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌相互作用的研究

探讨了嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌之间的相互作用(拮抗和共生效果)，指出这两个菌种的许多菌株在代谢过程中会产生过氧化氢、细菌素等抑菌性物质，导致嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌间表现出非协同生长的现象。在此基础上，建立了评价发酵剂之间相互作用的新的指标体系，旨在方便优良酸奶发酵剂菌种的筛选工作。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展

乳酸菌在乳中的共生机制是非常复杂的网络体系。通过对蛋白质代谢、核苷酸碱基代谢、氧化性应激以及碳源物质代谢等方面的研究,对保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展进行详细的阐述。旨在为发酵剂菌体的筛选及应用提供参考。     

优选保加利亚乳杆菌发酵特性的测定

对实验室研究较为成熟的4株保加利亚乳杆菌进行发酵产酸、后酸化测定,同时对单菌株发酵、与嗜热链球菌组合发酵制备的酸奶进行质构测定和感官评价,旨为菌株开发成直投式酸奶发酵提供基础。     

固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶工艺研究

通过固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶,建立新的胡萝卜酸奶发酵工艺。经过单因素试验和正交试验,确定固定化乳酸菌发酵胡萝卜酸奶的配方和发酵工艺。胡萝卜酸奶的配方：奶粉9g、胡萝卜13g、白砂糖8g、蒸馏水100mL。胡萝卜酸奶发酵工艺：固定化德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种与固定化唾液链球菌嗜热亚种的比为2:1 接种发酵液(菌种的总添加量为6g/100mL)、在37℃发酵培养7h、然后4℃冷藏12h。结果表明,采用固定化乳酸菌新技术可以发酵生产营养丰富、口感良好的胡萝卜酸奶。     

弱后酸化保加利亚乳杆菌突变株与亲本菌株H+-ATPase基因的相似性比较

为了确定德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种H+-ATPase的调控机制,以H+-ATPase缺陷的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种突变菌株和亲本菌株KLDS1.9201作为研究对象.首先分别提取亲本和突变菌株的基因组DNA,随后利用PCR的方法扩增出H+-ATPase蛋白的全部编码基因并测序,最后利用DNAMAN软件比较亲本和突变菌株的H+-ATPase的相似性.结果表明亲本和突变菌株H+-ATPase编码基因的相似性为100％.H+-ATPase缺陷的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种突变菌株KLDS1.9201-11和亲本菌株KLDS1.9201的H+-ATPase活力之间的差异并不是由于编码基因发生了突变,可能是转录水平的降低导致H+-ATPase酶蛋白的表达量降低,进而影响酶活力.为进一步研究德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种H+-ATPase的调控机制奠定了基础.     

H+‐ATPase‐Defective Variants of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Contribute to Inhibition of Postacidification of Yogurt during Chilled Storage

Continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt is the major cause of postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. Two H⁺‐ATPase defective variants of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were successfully isolated and their H⁺‐ATPase activities were reduced by 51.3% and 34.3%, respectively. It was shown that growth and acid production of variants were remarkably inhibited. The variants were more sensitive to acidic condition and had a significant rate for inactivation of H⁺‐ATPase by N, N‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), along with a low H⁺‐extrusion, suggesting that H⁺‐ATPase is direct response for H⁺‐extrusion. In addition, the variants were also more sensitive to NaCl, while H⁺‐ATPase activities of variants and parent strain were significantly enhanced by NaCl stress. Obviously, H⁺‐ATPase might be involved in Na⁺ transportation. Furthermore, variants were inoculated in fermented milk to ferment yogurt. There was no significant difference in flavor, whereas the postacidification of yogurt during chilled storage was remarkably inhibited. It is suggested that application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H⁺‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation is one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting postacidification of yogurt during refrigerated storage, giving a longer shelf life. Practical Application: During yogurt fermentation, continued acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus during the chilled storage of yogurt leads to milk fermentation with high postacidification, resulting in a short shelf life. In this work, 2 acid‐sensitive variant strains of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus were isolated. The characteristics related to H⁺‐ATPase were compared and it was observed that milk fermented by the variants had lower postacidification, giving a longer shelf life. Application of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus with reduced H⁺‐ATPase activity in yogurt fermentation might be one of effect, economic and simple avenues of inhibiting yogurt postacidification during chilled storage, giving a longer shelf life.     

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种耐酸机制

德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种是最具经济价值的乳酸菌之一,其耐酸能力是影响其发酵性能和发挥益生功效的关键因素。本文就该菌的耐酸能力调节进行阐述。     

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus和Streptococcus thermophilus接种比例对Bifidobacterium lactis益生菌发酵乳品质的影响

将Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.bulgaricus ND02(LB-ND02)和Streptococcus thermophilus ND03(ST-ND03)按1∶1、1∶10、1∶100、1∶1000接种于脱脂乳中,同时接入益生菌Bifidobacterium lactis V9(B.lactis V9,接种量为2.0×107g-1),于42℃进行发酵。通过对发酵及贮藏过程中发酵乳指标的测定,评价LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例对发酵乳品质的影响。结果表明,随着LB-ND02接种比例减小,凝乳时间显著延长,B.lactis V9活菌数显著提高。4℃贮藏28 d后,随LB-ND02接种比例减小,B.lactis V9存活率差异显著,后酸化也显著减弱。研究发现,LB-ND02和ST-ND03的接种比例,显著影响发酵乳的发酵时间、B.lactis V9活菌数、后酸化及黏度。     

弱后酸化保加利亚乳杆菌突变菌株的遗传稳定性研究

对从传统乳制品中筛选得到的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4的遗传稳定性进行研究。将突变菌株进行连续传代,观察形态学变化,利用HPLC分析葡萄糖和乳酸的代谢情况,RAPD分析基因组DNA的稳定性。结果表明,突变菌株KLDS1.9201-4能够稳定遗传至第8代,在传代过程中菌落和菌体特征没有发生明显变化,KLDS 1.9201-4对初始葡萄糖的代谢率逐渐升高,终产物中乳酸的浓度也逐渐升高。KLDS 1.9201-4的基因组DNA相对稳定,没有发生明显变异。弱后酸化德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的自发突变株KLDS 1.9201-4具有适宜的遗传稳定性,可被用于制作弱后酸化的酸奶发酵剂。     

Isolation and characterisation of a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus mutant with low H+‐ATPase activity

Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus is an acid‐tolerant species used in yoghurt production and considered important in postacidification reductions in palatability of yoghurt during storage. In this study, a variant (ND06‐2) of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ND06 was selected using neomycin sulphate. ND06‐2 exhibited sensitivity to acids and lower H⁺‐ATPase activity compared with ND06. High‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to demonstrate that the capacity of ND06‐2 to produce lactic acid was significantly lower than for ND06 during fermentation or storage. These results suggest that the L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus variant could be used in yoghurt starters and have a lower tendency to cause postacidification.     

优良保加利亚乳杆菌菌株的筛选及增殖培养

以24株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种菌株为材料,通过发酵特性分析,包括产酸、产粘、后酸化及发酵风味质地等感官特性,从中筛选出具有优良发酵特性的菌株L3,LB和M28.并对LB菌株的增殖培养基进行了初步探讨,为酸奶发酵剂的开发奠定一定基础.     

具有优良发酵特性德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种的筛选及其益生特性

本研究对10株实验室保存的德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种产酸能力,产黏能力,产香能力和贮藏期稳定性进行测定,并通过测定乳酸菌对抗生素的耐药性、抑菌能力、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gal)活性、α-半乳糖苷酶(α-Gal)活性和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性探究菌株的益生特性.单菌株发酵实验结果表明:菌株KSDB-1凝乳时间短(6.3 h)...     

利用德氏乳杆菌全酶液水解牛乳酪蛋白

采用响应面法优化超声破碎工艺获取乳酸菌的全酶液,探讨超声破碎功率、超声破碎时间以及溶菌酶的添加量对超声破碎的影响,对获取的全酶液进行水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白的实验。结果表明：随着超声破碎功率的加大,超声破碎时间的增加,所得酶活力值均呈现先增长后下降的趋势,分析所得的回归方程确定最佳工艺修正参数为：超声破碎仪设定功率71%,超声破碎仪设定时间7.5 min,体系中溶菌酶的添加量290 μL/30 mL菌液。在此条件下获取的全酶液水解脱脂乳及酪蛋白显示,超声破碎的过程对酶活力有较大损失,分开处理其胞内和胞外酶液,水解脱脂乳和酪蛋白所获得游离氨基氮的含量分别提高了223.86%和324.11%,高效液相色谱分析结果也证明全酶液水解所得多肽含量及肽段大小多样性均有所提高。     

保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ自溶的影响因素分析

考察了不同生长阶段的保加利亚乳杆菌LJJ在不同温度及酸度环境中的自溶度变化,不同浓度SDS和Triton X-100对菌体自溶度和溶菌酶活性的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察菌体自溶中的形态变化,以确定LJJ自溶的最适条件并初步探讨溶菌酶在自溶中的作用。结果表明,处于对数生长期的LJJ菌体最易发生自溶。LJJ自溶度随环境温度(4⁵0℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.050℃)的升高,温育时间的延长而相应增大。LJJ自溶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH值范围为6.0⁸.0。0.50 g/L SDS对LJJ自溶和溶菌酶的抑制率分别为99.6%和97.4%。1.00 g/L Triton X-100分别将LJJ的自溶度和溶菌酶活性提升了20.7%和39.5%。扫描电镜观察表明,自溶细胞与正常细胞相比,细胞壁出现孔洞,细胞完整性遭到破坏而0.50 g/L SDS可抑制LJJ细胞的破坏。因此,环境pH、温度、温育时间、SDS浓度、Triton X-100浓度及菌体生长阶段可通过溶菌酶活性的作用显著影响LJJ的自溶,为调控乳酸菌自溶提供了初步理论基础。     

单亲灭活保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株融合子的选育

为获得具有抗噬菌体功能且发酵性能优良的乳酸菌酸奶生产菌株,将生产用保加利亚乳杆菌制备原生质体后高温灭活,灭活后的原生质体与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体通过PEG6000诱导进行融合,并对融合子性能进行研究。结果从20株融合子中挑选出3株具有噬菌体抗性且发酵性能优良的乳酸菌融合子。融合条件为:以PEG6000（浓度为400 g/L,添加0.01 mol/L Ca Cl2、0.02 mol/L Mg Cl2）为促融剂,40℃融合2 min。此条件下,融合率可达1.85×10-6。获得的融合子在凝乳、产酸、产粘性物质、产香气成分及抗噬菌体方面性能优越,适合于酸奶生产。      

保加利亚乳杆菌生长性能与后酸化的关系初探

以5株德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种为出发菌株,详细研究了5株菌的生长代谢、酸敏感性及蛋白水解力,并分析了这些特性与后酸化之间的关系。结果表明:5株菌的生长性能与后酸化之间存在紧密联系。其中,菌株的生长速度和糖分解代谢能力与后酸化成正比;对酸较敏感菌株的后酸化也较弱;菌株的蛋白水解能力与生长速度和后酸化之间没有明显的相关性。     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合

为获得具有抗噬菌体功能且发酵性能优良的乳酸菌融合子,采用单亲灭活及正交分析方法,研究了保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株的原生质体制备及融合条件。结果表明：保加利亚乳杆菌原生质体制备的最适条件是以磷酸盐缓冲液和甘露醇制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,1.0 mg/mL的溶菌酶36 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（89.02±2.31）%,再生率为（4.62±0.22）%。嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体制备的最适条件是以Tris-HCl和蔗糖制作的高渗溶液为原生质体稳定剂,0.1 mg/mL的溶菌酶42 ℃处理30 min,原生质体的形成率为（99.15±0.23）%,再生率为（5.79±0.17）%。单亲灭活保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌抗噬菌体菌株原生质体融合的最适条件为聚乙二醇6000（质量浓度为400 g/L,添加0.01 mol/L CaCl2、0.02 mol/L MgCl2）40 ℃促融2 min,融合率可达（1.85±0.12）×10－6。所得融合子各项性能优良,适合于酸奶生产。     

Commercially important characteristics of Turkish origin domestic strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus

Thirty native (Turkish origin) strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and 24 strains of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus were isolated and identified. These strains were examined for their technologically important properties such as acidification, proteolysis, acetaldehyde production and antimicrobial activity. By taking into consideration their phage resistant properties, two strains of S. thermophilus (St.7.7, and St.26.2) and one of L. bulgaricus, numbered as 2004, were found to have the potential to be starters for yogurt production.