微量Ce对1420合金断裂特性的影响

研究了不同Ｃｅ含量的１４２０合金在１２０℃，３０ｈ及１７０℃，６ｈ时效条件下的断裂性能，结果表明：微量Ｃｅ在这两种时效条件下可在一定程度上降低１４２０合金薄板的理解纹扩展阻力，启裂抗力及平面应力断裂韧性，减少二次裂纹，使沿晶分层现象不明显，Ｃｅ在１４２０合金中对断裂性能不能产生有利作用的原因，可认为是Ｃｅ微合金化能够降低１４２０合金的外韧化水平所致。     

合金元素对Ni3Al合金抗汽蚀性能的影响

研究了Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金中ＡＬ,Ｃｒ,Ｆｅ以及Ｍｏ含量对该合金的抗汽蚀性能的影响,结果表明含６％－９％Ａｌ,８％Ｃｒ并用Ｚｒ,Ｂ韧化的Ｎｉ３Ａｌ基合金具有优良的抗汽蚀性能,Ｍｏ和Ｆｅ元素的加入使抗汽蚀性能有一降低２,但仍不失为较好的抗汽蚀材料。     

工业硅氯化精炼原理的探讨

工业硅中的杂质存在状态有两种：金属（主要是Ｃａ，Ａｌ和Ｆｅ）元素和金属氧化物。部分非金属态的石墨化微粒碳渣，在保温抬包中静置时大部分可下沉与熔硅分离。氯化形成的许多金属氯化物熔点低，挥发性高， 并易于由其氧化物或碳化物生成。氯化精炼的物理作用是形成新相气泡使微粒杂质集聚成大粒渣上浮或下沉，化学作用是由杂质生成金属氯化物，但除Ｃａ效果明显，除Ａｌ效果一般，除Ｆｅ效果甚微。列表示出氯化前后硅中杂南含量     

有害杂质及Ce对8090合金薄板不同加载方向断裂特性的影响

测定了含不同浓度有害杂质及Ｃｅ的８０９０合金薄板不同方向力学性能及断裂性能．结果表明：Ｆｅ，Ｓｉ使各方向的断裂韧性下降，并使４５°方向上的裂纹启裂阻力下降，Ｎａ，Ｋ除对Ｔ－Ｌ方向的启裂阻力不造成明显损害外，能够损害各方向的断裂性能．在合金中添加０．０９％Ｃｅ即可显示有益的合金化作用；如果添加０．２８％Ｃｅ，可明显改善含一定量Ｆｅ，Ｓｉ的合金薄板各方向的断裂性能，其主要原因在于Ｃｅ可通过使再结晶组织均匀，细化晶粒，减少晶界析出相及改善断裂过程等机制抑制杂质对断裂性能的危害．     

T12钢盐浴渗钛层结构的研究

用光学显微镜，电子探针，Ｘ射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了Ｔ１２钢电级中性盐浴渗钛层的组织结构，试验结果表明，渗层包括外两白亮层，两层之间有比较明显的分界，内白亮层与基体之间存在黑色的过渡层，外白亮层是ＴｉＣ层，其中含有少量α－Ｆｅ；内白亮层是αＦｅ层；内外层交界为α－Ｆｅ基体上分布ＴｉＣ，铁素体内层是在碳化钛层形成过程中使其前沿附近含碳量降低，同时溶入缩小γ区的元素钛而逐渐形成的。     

纯Ce及Fe—Ce合金在低氧压下的氧化

研究了纯Ｃｅ和含１５％Ｃｅ（质量分数,下同）的Ｆｅ－Ｃｅ合金在６００￣８００℃低氧分压下的氧化。纯Ｃｅ氧化后形成ＣｅＯ２的外氧化。而Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｅ则产生快速Ｃｅ的内氧化,且内氧化区的显微组织保持了原始合金的显微组织,在内氧化区的前沿没有观察到Ｃｅ的贫化。     

铸铁表面激光熔敷FeCrNiSiB自熔合金

通过激光熔敷ＦｅＣｒＮｉＳｉＢ自熔合金，在普通灰铸铁表面获得抗磨损耐腐蚀的硬化层，实现了表面强化与韧化的良好结合。研究了合金成分及激光工艺参数对其组织和性能的影响，结果表明，与基体相比，其耐磨性提高４￣５倍。     

谈降低工业硅产品中主要杂质含量的途径

工业硅产品中主要杂质是Ｆｅ、Ａｌ、Ｃａ。目前，随着工业硅应用范围的日益扩大，对工业硅产品提出了新的要求。降低产品中主要杂质含量可采取控制原料标准、强化精炼工艺、提高管理水平和操作技术水平等方法，生产出高品级的产品。     

离子注入Ce对Ni20Cr合金抗氧化性能的影响

注入剂量为２×１０１６，５×１０１６，１×１０１７／ｃｍ２的Ｃｅ＋，使Ｎｉ２０Ｃｒ合金在１０００和１１００℃下的氧化速率显著降低．氧化膜致密、完整、粘附性好．利用离子探针分析技术测量了注Ｃｅ＋后，合金元素在合金表面及１１００℃形成的氧化膜内结合能差．注Ｃｅ＋后降低了合金表面Ｃｒ＋的结合能，有利于其向外扩散从而快速成膜；增大了膜内Ｃｒ＋和Ｎｉ＋的结合能，对这些离子在膜内的扩散起阻碍作用．因此，Ｃｅ＋的注入能改善合金的抗氧化性能．此外，在１０００℃循环氧化２７０次后，氧化膜部分剥落，Ｃｅ改善合金抗氧化性能仍十分显著．     

微量碳对淬态Fe－Si－B非晶丝表面层结构及脆性的影响

用旋转水中熔融金属纺丝法制备了Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶金属丝。拉伸和弯折性能表明，当合金中杂质碳原子分数含量≥０．２％时，制备态（淬态）非晶丝发生脆化。电子探针、Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析与透射电镜观察发现，非晶丝表面具有大约１５０－３００ｎｍ宽的富碳层且包含Ｆｅ＿（２３）（Ｃ，Ｂ）＿６相。该相是Ｆｅ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ非晶丝脆化的原因。     

EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES AND RARE EARTH ADDITION ON THE TOUGHENING LEVELS OF Al-Li BASED ALLOYS 2090 AND 1420

1.IntroductionItispossiblethatbifurcatinganddeflectingduringthecrackpropagationanddelaminatingonthefracturesurfacecancauseanadditionaltougheningbehaviourfortheengineeringmaterials.Theadditionaltougheningbehaviourfromthesefracturepatternsbelongstotheextrinsictougheningscope.Theextrinsictougheningandthenaturaltoughening,ortheintrinsictoughening,arethedecisivefactorsforthetotaltoughenillglevelofthematerials.Ingeneral,thetotaltougheninglevelcanbeobjectivelyreflectedbythematerialfracturetoughness.…     

Na,K杂质及微量Ce对8090合金裂纹扩展阻力的影响

研究了含0.05%Ce及不同Na,K杂质含量的8090合金薄板裂纹扩展阻力,探讨了合金断裂韧性及裂纹起始扩展阻力随(Na+K)含量变化的规律和微量Ce的作用,结果指出:随(Na+K)含量增加,合金裂纹扩展阻力下降;若(Na+K)含量处于一定范围内时,合金中加入0.05%Ce会改善其断裂韧性及裂纹起始扩展抗力;当(Na+K)含量过高,Ce的这种有益作用便被掩盖,Na,K对合金韧性造成危害的原因之一是可以促使T_1等相沿晶界或亚晶界析出,并促使再结晶晶粒异常长大。     

EFFECT OF Na,K AND Ce ON CRACK PROPAGATION RESISTANCE FOR ALLOY 8090

The crack propagation resistance for alloy 8090 sheet decreases with the increase of content ofNa and K impurities.An improvement over the fracture toughness and crack initiation resist-ance for the alloy containing Na and K within certain limit may be made by adding 0.05%Ce.This beneficial modification would not be manifested if the alloy contained more Na andK.One of the reasons why Na and K injure the toughness of the alloy might be due to thatthey cause the precipitation of T_1 phase along grain and subgrain boundaries and acceleratethe abnormal growth of recystallized grains.     

高强度高韧性铝合金基复合材料的制备和断裂机制

为解决金属基复氏韧性的缺点,采用宏观结构设计方法制备了断裂韧性达到相应铝合金水平的ＳｉＣｐ－ＬＤ２／ＬＤ２复合材料,与同体积分数的普通ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２复合材料比较,其强化效果得以保持,并提高了材料的断裂力,断裂过程表明现出阶段性,避免了普通复合材料灾难性失效突然发生的缺点,高体积分数的ＳｉＣｐ－ＬＤ２复合材料棒之间未增强基体的塑性变形以及其对裂纹的阻断,使裂纹沿（ＳｉＣｐ－ＬＤ２）／（ＬＤ２）界面     

Effect of Delamination on Mechanical Properties of Al-Li Alloy Modified by Rare Earth Element Ce

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｏｙ２０９０ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｗｅｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｈｉｇｈｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈ,ｈｅａｔｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｓｅｒｉｅｓａｍｏｎｇｃｏｍｍｅｒｃｉａｌＡｌＬｉａｌｌｏｙｓ．Ｔｈｅａｖａｉｌ...     

Aging and fracture of human cortical bone and tooth dentin

Mineralized tissues, such as bone and tooth dentin, serve as structural materials in the human body and, as such, have evolved to resist fracture. In assessing their quantitative fracture resistance or toughness, it is important to distinguish between intrinsic toughening mechanisms, which function ahead of the crack tip, such as plasticity in metals, and extrinsic mechanisms, which function primarily behind the tip, such as crack bridging in ceramics. Bone and dentin derive their resistance to fracture principally from extrinsic toughening mechanisms, which have their origins in the hierarchical microstructure of these mineralized tissues. Experimentally, quantification of these toughening mechanisms requires a crack-growth resistance approach, which can be achieved by measuring the crack-driving force (e.g., the stress intensity) as a function of crack extension (“R-curve approach”). Here this methodology is used to study the effect of aging on the fracture properties of human cortical bone and human dentin in order to discern the microstructural origins of toughness in these materials.     

铝锂合金强化和韧化的特殊机理

以未再结晶晶粒结构的２０９０＋Ｃｅ铝锂合金板材为对象，从铝锂合金与普通铝合金力学行为的主要差别入手，以揭示经典理论难以解释的现象为目的，重点研究了该合金独有的精细结构与断裂特征的内在联系，以及力学行为对之的响应关系。涉及到室温拉伸行为，疲劳长、短裂纹扩展特性，断裂韧性，光滑疲劳极限     

Ti17合金网篮组织的断裂韧性及其预测模型研究

研究了Ti17钛合金网篮组织的断裂韧性及断裂行为,发现裂纹扩展路径曲折度(外因)及沿着裂纹扩展路径所消耗的塑性功(内因)对断裂韧性有显著影响,好的塑性及曲折的裂纹扩展路径有利于提高合金的断裂韧性。基于能量原理,建立了综合考虑内因和外因的断裂韧性预测模型,模型预测精度较高,误差在6%以内。分析模型发现,对网篮组织断裂韧性起决定作用的是其本征塑性功,占80%以上,裂纹扩展路径的贡献较小,在20%以内。     

Effects of rate on crack growth in a rubber-modified epoxy

The rate-dependent fracture behavior of a 10-phr rubber-modified epoxy was investigated using double-cantilever-beam tests at various crosshead speeds. Dramatic rate effects were observed in the R-curve behavior and in the relationship between the applied energy-release rate and the crack velocity. Furthermore, a transition between fracture with toughening mechanisms operating (kinetic crack growth) and brittle behavior (dynamic crack growth) was observed. This transition depended on the crack velocity and applied energy-release rate. Such behavior is expected to depend on how the intrinsic toughness and/or the extrinsic toughening mechanisms are influenced by strain rate. It was shown that the size of the process zone was only weakly dependent on the crack velocity until the onset of dynamic fracture. Furthermore, the extent of void growth was virtually independent of the crack velocity in the kinetic regime. These results appear to rule out the notion that crack-tip shielding is significantly affected by rate effects in this rubber-modified epoxy. Rather, the rate effects may arise from a rate-dependent intrinsic toughness. It was observed that the intrinsic toughness decreased significantly with increasing crack velocity. The crack instability was shown to be associated with an abrupt cessation of the development of the process zone, with both cavitation and void growth being totally suppressed.