Psychotherapy process research: Progress, dilemmas, and future directions.

The first several decades of psychotherapy process research have produced advances in measure development and substantive findings of process–outcome relations. A recent paradigm shift toward sequentially patterned, significant change episodes is described, emphasizing segmentation of process by meaningful patterns wherever they occur. Theoretical, psychometric, and data analytic dilemmas are reviewed. Strategies are offered that may enhance future research efforts. These include greater attention to construct validity measures, the relation of process to phase-specific outcome criteria, and the continuing development of multivariate data analytic strategies that take into account Patient?×?Treatment interactions as well as the sequential dependency of process data. The development of a national archive of significant change events is recommended to advance modeling of the change process, segmentation, construct validation of measures, integration of qualitative and quantitive approaches, and development of a cross-theoretical language for therapy process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A process conception of psychotherapy.

"Individuals move… not from a fixity or homeostasis through change to a new fixity, though such a process is indeed possible. But much the more significant continuum is from fixity to changingness, from rigid structure to flow, from stasis to process." The intent of the paper is to consider "the process of psychotherapy, or the process by which personality change takes place." 7 stages of the process are outlined. "The process involves a loosening of feelings. From feelings which are unrecognized, unowned, unexpressed, the client moves toward a flow in which ever-changing feelings are experienced in the moment, knowingly and acceptingly, and may be accurately expressed." Many aspects of the process are discussed. In the course of psychotherapy the individual "has changed; but, what seems more significant, he has become an integrated process of changingness." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

优化自蒸发系统 降低溶出工序汽耗

本文通过对溶出工序自蒸发系统的工艺分析,指出各自蒸发器的操作参数在系统运行周期内是变化的,并且其变化率是不同的,优化自蒸发系统的关键就是使各级自蒸发器适应这种动态变化。并从工艺参数、设备选型、设备配置以及自蒸发的自动控制等方面对自蒸发系统进行了优化。项目实施一年来系统运行稳定,节能效果显著。     

桂西南湖润锰矿床锰矿物的相变特征

湖润锰矿床由海相沉积的原生碳酸锰矿和表生富集的氧化锰矿床组成。在整个矿床中,放物具有明显的分带循环。从酸酸盐相→硅酸盐相→氧化物相的转变过程受物理化学因素的控制,尤其是Ｅｈ、ｐＨ、温度及组分对物相变化起生作用。不同的矿物组合代表不同的成矿环境。矿物相变特征表明,成矿环境的转变是从低氧逸度到高氧逸度的为过程,也是从低温到高温又到低温的２过程。在整个相变过程中,锰从低态向高价态逐渐过渡,即Ｍｎ＾２＋→     

TC17钛合金热变形过程中片状组织演变规律

通过等温锻造试验和有限元模拟,研究了TC17钛合金在α+β两相区变形过程中热加工工艺参数对显微组织演变的影响规律。通过组织观察分析发现:随着变形程度和变形温度的增加,TC17钛合金中的片层组织逐渐向球化组织转变。变形量对片状组织的球化起决定作用,当变形量为小于20%时,仅有少数片状α相发生了弯折或扭曲,球化现象不明显;随着变形量的增加,片状组织被不同程度的弯曲、破碎,球化程度随着变形量的增加逐渐变大。变形温度对球化过程也起一定的作用,随着变形温度的升高,球化效果越来越明显,这与较高的变形温度会提高位错或原子的迁移能力使片状组织有足够的能量通过界面迁移实现断裂、球化有关。     

Proton resonance imaging and relaxation in raw and cooked hen eggs

The process of implementing a research-based protocol (the Second Stage Labor Nursing Management) at 40 sites in North America is described. Both positive and negative factors involved in implementing and adhering to the protocol are presented based on the reports of site coordinators. Key findings from the process data are: (a) the term "research utilization" causes confusion, (b) it is essential that nurses collaborate with other disciplines when attempting to change practice, (c) administrative endorsement of research utilization is important for practice change to occur, (d) nurses know their own practice sites and how to facilitate protocol acceptance, and (e) practice change may not need to occur all at once.     

交换钢包过程对IF钢连铸板坯表层洁净度的影响

采用ASPEX扫描电镜中的自动特征分析功能研究了交换钢包过程（取样浇次第4、5炉）对IF钢连铸板坯表层的洁净度的影响,且对比研究了交换钢包过程浇铸铸坯（交接坯）与正常浇铸铸坯（正常坯）的表层洁净度.结果表明：正常坯与交接坯中尺寸大于20μm的表层夹杂物可分为三类：（1）簇群状Al₂O₃（包括气泡+簇群状Al₂O₃）;（2）簇群状TiO_x-Al₂O₃夹杂物;（3）保护渣夹杂物.正常坯表层的大型夹杂物主要为簇群状Al₂O₃,没有检测到保护渣夹杂物.换包开浇后铸坯总氧质量分数从14×10^-6增至17×10^-6,交接坯表层检测到较多的第2夹杂物,说明钢包开浇后钢水被轻微氧化.此外,钢包开浇后剧烈的液面波动也导致了保护渣的卷入.在当前工艺下,换包对IF钢铸坯表层洁净度的影响长度约为11m.     

Qualitative research and its role in play therapy research.

The role and value of qualitative research for play therapy is the focus of this article. The premise is that qualitative research is a natural extension of the therapeutic process and thus can make a contribution to play therapy in the development of models and theories that will lead to future research and development. Qualitative research is placed within the context of current issues related to research in play therapy. The characteristics of qualitative research are presented and linked to the therapeutic process. Suggested research questions appropriate for qualitative inquiry are suggested. We can use qualitative research to build our understanding of the therapeutic process and the relationships in therapy helping to construct a model of change and a theory of growth change within play therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Processes of change in Alcoholics Anonymous: A review of possible mechanisms.

Four diverse literatures are reviewed that may illuminate potential change mechanisms in AA: (1) group therapy process factors, (2) self-help group mechanisms of change, (3) the role of ideology, and (4) commitment generation in social orders. Each is discussed, and the relevance of particular processes to AA is noted. Change in other therapy groups is compared with that of AA. The role of ideology in AA is seen as one of unification, which leads to trust. Three process clusters may account for change: supportive, expressive, and insight-oriented techniques. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

机械合金化过程中的金属相变

简述了机械合金化的工艺特点和应用,总结了机械合金化过程中的相变规律,着重分析了过饱和固溶体的形成机制及其在合金化过程中的相变过程。     

梅山公司信息化与流程变革的探究

介绍了梅山公司信息化与流程变革的历史、现状和在不同发展阶段变革的特点,分析了梅山公司信息化与流程变革交互演进的情况,剖析了变革演进中的问题与原因.比照钢铁服务企业信息化与流程变革的三种模式,结合钢铁服务企业的信息化四个阶段性发展历程,证明钢铁服务企业信息化与流程变革是一种相辅相成的反复迭加关系.     

提高间歇式混捏锅混捏质量的途径

通过对预焙阳极生产过程中混捏工序存在的影响因素进行分析,从工艺技术条件优化、设备等方面进行了改进,解决了糊料夹干料、配方改变、糊料塑性差等问题,混捏质量得到明显提高,预焙阳极生块合格率由原97.2％提高到99.2％。     

Change management in health services: the South African experience

The purpose with this article is to describe the principles of change management in health services, as experienced in South Africa to date. The driving forces are highlighted, followed by a brief explanation of the three phases in change management. The principles and process of change management, as applied to the South African health system, are described as perceived by the author. The paper was read as an invited presentation at the Commonwealth Nurses Federation's General Meeting and workshop on 13 June 1997 in Vancouver, Canada.     

Organizational use of therapeutic change: Strengthening multisource feedback systems through interdisciplinary coaching.

The use of multisource feedback as a management development tool is examined by integrating the empirical and theoretical literature on individual change from the fields of industrial/organizational psychology and clinical/counseling psychology. The assumptions underlying 360-degree feedback as a sufficient process of producing managerial change are questioned in terms of the theoretical and metaanalytic literature regarding the causes of personal change. It is argued that 360-degree feedback is best used as a springboard for management development. Lasting change is best achieved through an interdisciplinary coaching strategy involving what we know about adult development and change from industrial and clinical literature and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Curriculum revision: reaching faculty consensus through the Nominal Group Technique

A fundamental concept to initiate change in the curriculum revision process is to overcome resistance to change and the boundaries of self-interest. Curriculum change cannot occur without an "unfreezing" of faculty values and interests. The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) was used to facilitate faculty identification of areas needing change in the undergraduate nursing curriculum. The process led to the generation of numerous independent ideas in which all faculty participated. The revised curriculum which resulted from the NGT process has had full and enthusiastic support of the faculty.     

Consulting in occupational health nursing. An overview

1. The term consultant is defined as anyone who provides professional advice or services, which may include internal and external consultants. Consulting is a challenging way to practice occupational health nursing. 2. The consulting process involves problem solving and the creation of change. This process may be illustrated by using the nursing process and the steps of assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. 3. Successful occupational health nursing consultants are excellent communicators, are willing to market themselves, love problem solving, and are self starters.     

烧结过程物质流和能量流分析

采用物质流和能量流分析方法,提出了铁矿粉烧结过程物质流分析的核心问题,对铁素流、碳素流和硫素流的物理化学状态变化、耗散过程及其影响因素等进行了分析。研究表明:烧结工序铁素流变化主要是矿物形态、结构和冶金性能等的转化;固体燃料是碳素流输入的主要形式,而CO2则是碳素流输出的主要形式;烧结过程具有脱硫功能,是气化脱硫过程,烟气中SO2排放是硫素流输出的主要形式,应注意,烧结工序是钢铁制造流程主要的SO2排放源。     

CSP连轧过程温度和轧制力的有限元分析

借助Marc商用软件,采用弹塑性大变形热力耦合有限元法,对0.19%～0.20%C钢68 mm薄板坯CSP 6道次连轧过程的温度以及轧制力进行模拟,分析了轧制过程中各道次轧件温度和轧制力的分布与变化规律。结果表明,在轧件变形过程中,接触热传导和变形热是影响温度变化的主要因素,二者的综合作用决定了轧件的温度变化规律;轧制结束后,轧件从表面向内在一定厚度范围内出现明显的温度梯度,超过该临界厚度值,轧件温度基本保持不变。在轧制稳定阶段,轧制力在微小范围内波动。     

Assessment of Organizational Change for Public Construction Organizations

This paper explores change management for restructuring a public construction organization. The paper presents a model for organizational change and studies 20 change-management parameters for three engineering management levels—area engineers, project managers, and project engineers. The researchers studied the perception of engineers and the change process from initiation through completion, starting with forces that destabilize, spreading to awareness and management of anxiety, then acceptance and management of tasks, and finishing with integration and restart. These were examined quantitatively and qualitatively. The study concluded that engineers realize that changes are necessary but they perceive change management negatively. Though most engineers are aware of and committed to change, they perceive the communication of changes to be poor. Recommendations were made to adopt a participative style, improve the commitment of upper leadership, and apply incentives to implement changes. The organizational change model provides a simplified approach for any organization going through the process of change and reengineering.     

钢铁企业物质流、能量流和污染物流研究

建立了钢铁企业物质流、能量流和污染物流的分析方法.提出了钢铁企业生产过程和能源转换过程的数学模型;给出了工序能耗、产品能值和吨钢能耗表达式;同时考虑钢铁生产过程中资源消耗、产品生产和污染物排放等问题,提出了工序、产品和吨钢环境负荷分析方法和计算公式;分析了钢铁生产过程中影响上述指标的各种因素,以及能量流、物质流和污染物流三者间的相互关系;应用建立的分析模型,研究和分析了我国钢铁工业吨钢能耗和环境负荷的变化与进步.