无线传感器网络物理层的主从同步技术研究

无线传感器网络中标签节点要求体积小、功耗小。标签节点接收信号所需要的同步信息由标签节点的同步电路提取。精确同步方案会增加标签节点的复杂度,因此提出用锚节点主动同步标签节点这一方案,这个方案可以在不考虑锚节点复杂度的情况下,减小标签节点的复杂度,进而力求减小标签节点的功耗。分析了这个方案的捕获条件和实现的算法,评估了算法的平均捕获时间和需要标签节点确认反馈的平均次数,仿真结果验证了理论分析的准确性,表明这个方案是可行的。     

基于前置三阶相关检测的高性能直扩伪码捕获

为了提高无线电导航系统长伪码序列的检测概率,同时降低捕获时间,提出了一种带前置三阶相关检测的伪码捕获算法,即根据伪随机码和高斯噪声的三阶相关特性,首先实现本地伪码与接收伪码序列的码元相位同步,再用传统捕获方法进行伪码相位同步.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法能够有效提高捕获过程的检测概率,并降低捕获时间.     

基于北斗系统的伪码捕获技术的研究

北斗卫星导航定位系统是我国自主研发的有源三维卫星定位与通信系统.北斗卫星信号的捕获是北斗用户接收机的关键技术之一,捕获性能的优劣直接影响着北斗导航系统的精度和实时性要求.本文基于北斗系统,在FFT并行捕获算法的基础上研究分析了一种相位补偿和同步块累加的伪码捕获算法,并对该算法的性能进行了分析.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方案能够大大提高信噪比,提高信号的捕获效率.     

一种适合PPM-UWB信号的时移TDT同步捕获算法

指出TDT(timingwithadirtytemplate)盲同步捕获算法只适于PAM调制(脉冲幅度调制)UWB系统,而不能在PPM调制(脉冲相位调制)UWB系统中应用。提出了一种TS-TDT(time-shift-TDT)盲同步捕获算法,解决了PPM调制UWB系统快速同步捕获问题。该算法通过两条相关支路分别计算接收信号的延迟互相关值而获得同步信息,无需训练序列。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,该算法结构简单,同步精度灵活可变,性能良好。     

一种TDS-OFDM接收机的定时同步算法

提出了TDS-OFDM接收机中一种结合PN序列相位捕获的定时同步算法.利用本地PN与接收数据的相关特性,通过相关峰值检测快速提取定时误差信息完成定时同步,并且提出了能纠正较大采样偏移的小数因子补偿结构.仿真表明该算法在保证较好的同步性能前提下,能对抗较大的采样偏和残留频偏.     

基于FFT并行搜索伪码和频偏的快速捕获新方法

无线传感网中节点普遍受资源、成本、功耗的限制,使得节点间通信需满足低资源消耗、大载波频偏、低物理层开销等要求。该文提出利用一套FFT结构并行搜索伪码相位和载波频偏的快速捕获新方法(PSPF-FFT),通过差分处理消除载波频偏影响先进行伪码相位捕获然后再进行频偏纠正,以牺牲少量信噪比为代价来换取资源、平均捕获时间的减少。最后理论分析和仿真验证了新的捕获方法的实用性,与相同平均捕获时间、资源开销的捕获方法相比,PSPF-FFT捕获方法有着明显的性能优势。     

基于DTMB标准多载波模式的定时同步算法研究

提出一种基于地面数字电视国家标准(DTMB)的定时同步算法。该算法结合帧头模式检测、帧头位置粗估计和帧头相位捕获完成定时同步。其中帧头模式检测和帧头位置粗估计不受多径、大频偏影响,可抗大采样偏差。同时估计的帧头位置可减小相关运算量,从而迅速捕获到帧头相位进入定时恢复环路。理论分析和仿真结果证明该算法具有更好的性能。     

DS-UWB系统中利用辅助序列的MAX/TC准则同步算法研究

DS-UWB系统是否能够获得快速可靠的信号同步是系统设计的一项重要指标。该文在最大值选择/过门限(MAXimum selection/Threshold Comparison,MAX/TC)准则DS-UWB系统同步捕获算法的基础上,提出一种采用辅助序列的MAX/TC准则改进型同步捕获算法,算法利用辅助序列信息判断本地伪随机序列发生器相位更新方向,能够较大程度降低系统伪随机序列同步捕获时间;通过对改进算法进行较为详细的理论分析,并且在超宽带室内信道环境中进行仿真实验,结果表明,采用该文算法可以在保证系统同步捕获性能的同时有效缩短平均同步捕获时间。     

基于判决反馈的CPM信号定时相位联合估计算法

针对连续相位调制(CPM)信号同步问题,提出了一种基于数据辅助联合直接判决的同步算法。该算法基于CPM信号的PAM分解,利用最大似然函数推导出定时和相位误差函数,并迭代求解恢复出定时和相位信息。首先根据信号帧中独特码实现同步信息的快速捕获,然后运用直接判决后反馈迭代的方法进行定时和相位信息的跟踪。仿真结果表明,文中方法的性能逼近MCRB界,同时运算复杂度小,便于工程实现。     

一种适用于突发16APSK信号的载波同步算法

为了实现突发16APSK信号载波同步,介绍了信号模型,给出了开环载波同步算法,分析了开环载波频偏估计和载波初始相位估计,介绍了闭环载波同步算法,重点介绍了载波相位误差提取和闭环载波跟踪。通过载波同步仿真分析了开环频偏和初始相位估计及闭环开环联合算法的性能,验证了其适用于突发16APSK载波同步。     

A 3-Tier UWB-Based Indoor Localization System for Ultra-Low-Power Sensor Networks

We present a 3-tier UWB-based indoor localization system. It consists of a large number of energy-scavenging-based cost-effective transmit-only tags, a small number of batterypowered hubs as relay stations and a few base stations. This hierarchical scheme is driven by the energy available at each node. Localization is based on the arrival time of the UWB pulses at reference nodes.We describe how the coordinates and transmit time of a tag are determined and how the ambiguous solution is eliminated with the proper geometry of 4 reference nodes. We formulate where to place the hubs as an optimization problem. The localization performance of the system is investigated as a function of several parameters such as non-ideal hub placement, hub localization error and TOA error.     

Improved Acquisition in Phase-Locked Loops with Sawtooth Phase Detectors

Phase-locked loops are frequently used to estimate bit timing in baseband digital transmission systems. The investigation reported here examines the applicability of a frequency-sensitive phase detector to timing estimation of randomized data. A new edge-triggered sawtooth phase detector is described. The reduced magnitude of circuit-induced imperfections made possible by the new detector, in conjunction with the little-known frequency discrimination characteristic of the sawtooth detector, is shown to allow significant improvements to acquisition performance. A potential problem with this and other phase-locked loops, falselock, is studied experimentally, and techniques for avoiding it are discussed.     

基于FM0记忆辅助特性的RFID标签碰撞检测

为实现两个射频识别(RFID)碰撞标签信息的检测和分离,提出一种利用Gen2标准中FM0标签编码固有记忆特性的检测方法。通过对FM0比特编码特点和碰撞标签信息的无记忆检测分析,得到基于单个比特持续时间的无记忆检测方法的条件错误概率和单个标签信息检测的误码率;然后利用单个FM0比特编码需要前一比特的“记忆”特性,得到对应于前一比特的一对测量值和对应于下一比特的一对测量值,进而得到碰撞标签信息的1比特记忆辅助检测时的条件错误概率和误码率性能;并对在帧Aloha媒质接入方案中采用提出的检测方法时的N个标签群的总延迟减少性能进行了分析。仿真实验结果表明,提出的1比特记忆辅助检测方法,相比于无记忆检测具有更好的误码率性能,且能减少标签群接入时的总延迟。     

A novel DSP‐based PFC‐DPLL with fuzzy controlled acquisition aid to improve acquisition performance and noise immunity

This paper proposes a new digital signal processing (DSP)‐based phase frequency controlled digital phase locked loop. Here, a very simplistic form of fuzzy logic controller with the help of carrier phase and frequency error as input data is used to provide an acquisition aid. A frequency discriminator is employed to generate frequency error, and phase detector output is taken for phase error. This addition of an acquisition aid helps the loop to achieve the minimum acquisition time and maximum noise rejection simultaneously. An additional phase control in the digitally controlled oscillator makes the loop perform even better towards this goal. The implementation of the proposed loop is carried out on a reconfigurable logic platform using System Generator^®;, a tool from Xilinx^®; used to design real‐time DSP application. A significant improvement of time domain characteristics are observed as well as the performance in presence of additive white Gaussian noise is demonstrated in terms of the reduction in steady‐state phase jitter and enhancement in output signal to noise ratio in the proposed loop. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fish bone structure based data aggregation and routing in wireless sensor network: multi-agent based approach

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are constrained by limited node (device) energy, low network bandwidth, high communication overhead and latency. Data aggregation alleviates the constraints of WSN. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent based homogeneous temporal data aggregation and routing scheme based on fish bone structure of WSN nodes by employing a set of static and mobile agents. The primary components of fishbone structure are backbone and ribs connected to both sides of a backbone. A backbone connects a sink node and one of the sensor nodes on the boundary of WSN through intermediate sensor nodes. Our aggregation scheme operates in the following steps. (1) Backbone creation and identifying master centers (or nodes) on it by using a mobile agent based on parameters such as Euclidean distance, residual energy, backbone angle and connectivity. (2) Selection of local centers (or nodes) along the rib of a backbone connecting a master center by using a mobile agent. (3) Local aggregation process at local centers by considering nodes along and besides the rib, and delivering to a connected master center. (4) Master aggregation process along the backbone from boundary sensor node to the sink node by using a mobile agent generated by a boundary sensor node. The mobile agent aggregates data at visited master centers and delivers to the sink node. (5) Maintenance of fish bone structure of WSN nodes. The performance of the scheme is simulated in various WSN scenarios to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach by analyzing the performance parameters such as master center selection time, local center selection time, aggregation time, aggregation ratio, number of local and master centers involved in the aggregation process, number of isolated nodes, network lifetime and aggregation energy. We observed that our scheme outperforms zonal based aggregation scheme.     

基于IEEE 1588的时钟同步技术在分布式系统中的应用

为实现分布式系统高精度同步数据采集及实时控制,提出一种基于IEEE 1588协议的分布式系统时钟同步方法。通过分析影响同步精度的因素,采用FPGA设计时间戳生成器,并且采用晶振频率补偿时钟解决时间戳的精确获取和从时钟相对主时钟的频率纠偏等问题。     

基于信号处理的选相分合闸技术

基于传统的交流电器选相分合闸技术,考虑其中存在的采样速率慢及合闸控制实现方式等问题,提出了一种新的基于单片机的解决方案。从提高相位计算精度出发,采用高速采样的高性能单片机进行数据采集;在合闸环节,以电压零相位取代瞬时相位作延时参考,避免了在瞬时相位计算过程中由频率波动引起的误差;在功率因数角的计算上,采用FFT变换,由上位机进行数据处理以取代单片机的计算,解决了由单片机对大量采样数据进行FFT计算造成的严重耗时问题。该方案提高了信号相位测量的准确度,使得选相合闸更加准确。     

Solid-State YIG Serrodyne

Theory and operation of a serrodyne based upon phase velocity modulation of magnetostatic modes in YIG are described. Sources of limitation on the spectral performance are evaluated in terms of measured device parameters. The most critical sources of unwanted spectral generation are flyback time, nonlinear current sawtooth, logarithmic phase variation, and variation in attenuation with applied magnetic bias. Design and operation of a C-band stripline device is described. All unwanted sidebands were suppressed by 22 dB river the desired signal output, limited primarily by the flyback time.