红外成像技术在城市地下空间防灾监测与应急搜救中的应用发展对策

城市地下空间已经成为全球发展最快的工程建设和商业运营市场,我国城市地下工程建设水平和规模也达到了世界先进水平,但随之而来的城市地下空间的安全事故也明显增加,而相应的安全监控和应急救援却严重滞后,本文针对我国城市地下空间防恐、防爆、防核生化袭击等安全保障问题,分析红外成像技术在地下空间防灾监测与应急搜救中面临的挑战,提出了短波红外成像、多尺度红外成像预处理、图像自适应增强、环境自适应红外成像、灾情定位及报警等关键技术及其系统应用,探讨了红外成像技术在地下空间灾场的应用,可为我国城市地下空间安全立法和战略规划的制定提供参考。     

城市地下空间恢复韧性发展策略研究

防灾减灾理念及其运用在城市地下空间发展过程中发挥了一定的安全保障作用，但在自然风险和工程安全风险交织的背景下，无法全面满足城市地下空间未来发展需求；转向以“适灾”为导向的韧性防灾减灾理念，重视城市地下空间的灾后恢复韧性，成为未来发展亟需。本文分析了恢复韧性的内涵和影响因素，从工程、非工程角度阐述了国内外恢复韧性相关研究；重点从结构体系、评价方法、管理机制、空间规划、应急预案等方面，剖析了我国城市地下空间韧性发展现状。研究提出了“三阶段+评价体系”的城市地下空间恢复韧性发展策略，将灾后恢复过程划分为应急救援、恢复重建、规划适应三阶段，分别给出各阶段的恢复目标并为城市地下空间恢复韧性评价体系建设提供依据。研究建议，健全城市地下空间管理规章与应急预案，提高城市地下空间韧性规划水平，推动城市地下空间管理智能化，以促进城市地下空间恢复过程的有序与高效。     

浅论城市地下综合管廊的建设与管理

城市化进程的不断加快使得城市的人口开始越来越多,大量的人口在挤占城市资源的同时,也挤占了其发展空间,为使城市能够得到进一步的发展与完善,做好地下空间的开发工作已经成为了一个主要趋势。城市地下综合管廊作为一种新兴的基础设施,在对市政公用管线进行科学化和节约化管理的过程中发挥着不可或缺的作用,受到政府部门和相关管线单位的认同与接收。它不仅有效化解了城市居民生活需求与城市经济化发展的相互矛盾,而且实现了对地下空间的集约化利用。鉴于此,文中将对城市地下综合管廊的建设与管理进行深入分析和研究。     

我国城市地下空间规划发展战略研究

本文首先综述了国际上各类城市地下空间的开发历程和经验,总结了我国城市地下空间开发利用状况和现阶段所取得的成绩。进一步地,指出了当前我国城市地下空间开发亟待解决的问题和发展方向:寻求地下空间统一和专项规划,实现地上与地下空间的协同开发;结合国情细化政策和法规,完善地下空间管理的机制和法制建设;建设地下空间信息化平台,高效利用地下空间大数据、消除信息孤岛现象。最后,明确了随着城市化及信息化技术的发展,城市地下空间开发将具有广阔的前景。     

城市综合防灾规划的困境与出路

从近年来我国城市发展的现状来看，灾害发生率非常高，威胁到人们的生命财产安全，阻碍了社会经济、国民经济实现可持续发展。针对于此，我们对于城市综合防灾规划提出了越来越高的要求。但是在综合防灾规划要求越来，其存在的问题也就会相应变多、变严重，影响到城市的合理规划。本文就城市综合防灾规划的困境与出路进行分析，以供参考。     

人防工程建设与城市地下空间的利用研究

随着国家经济的快速发展,城市地下空间的开发速度也在与时俱进,而人防工程已经成为了不可或缺的一个项目。本文基于目前人防工程与城市地下空间的结合利用,阐述了人防工程建设与城市地下空间利用的意义与原则,并且提出了相关结合的途径。得出了既能发挥两者结合的优势,又能推动城市经济效益的结论。     

地下空间、资源的开发与利用

随着城市地上空间及资源的减少,人们越来越多的意识到应寻找新的可供利用的空间及资源,即为地下空间、资源.从城市的安全防护、带来丰富的城市空间层次、节省与利用资源阐述了三个方面阐述地下空间利用的重要性,及地下资源开发的可持续性.     

地下空间开发综合治理发展战略研究

地下空间开发利用需求旺盛、前景广阔,但地下空间利用具有施工难度大、周期长、成本高、社会综合影响深远等特点,尚未形成系统可靠的综合治理方法,亟需从理论和实践两方面开展地下空间开发综合治理战略研究。本文在分析我国地下空间发展现状的基础上,分析了地下空间开发利用与综合治理中存在的法律法规不完善、顶层设计不足、管理模式陈旧、地质调查研究不足、施工技术装备有待突破、信息资源不全、智能治理水平偏低、工程综合效益未能充分发挥等问题,针对性提出了我国地下空间开发综合治理的发展路径和对策建议。研究认为,在坚持长远战略目标和发展原则的基础上,今后的主要任务是构建地下空间综合治理体系、提升地下空间综合治理水平、加快地下空间综合治理的智慧化、加强地下空间应急响应安全管理。最后,从建立国家地下空间综合治理统一协调机制并出台专项规划,完善法律法规、标准规范、监管评价体系,加快部署关键核心装备技术和专业人才培养,开展城市地下空间普查工作与信息化管理等方面提出了地下空间开发综合治理的发展建议。     

浅谈城市工程管线综合规划与管理

城市工程管线种类多而复杂,根据不同性能和用途、不同的输送方式、敷设方式、弯曲程度等有不同的分类和布置原则。就城市地下管线综合规划与管理中所遇到的管线同步建设、合理利用地下空间、重复开挖道路、管线间距控制、档案管理等问题介绍一些具体做法,从而在有限的空间内合理的布置所有管线,做好控制及管理市政管线的工作     

城市地下空间可持续发展的社会调控因素及其评价模型

社会的调控行为是保障城市地下空间可持续发展的手段。结合地下空间的资源特性和城市地下空间开发的特点，运用模糊综合评价的方法，给出了一个评价城市地下空间可持续发展中社会调控因素的评价模型。并以某典型城市为例验证了该模型的可行性。     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Development and challenges of planning and scheduling for petroleum and petrochemical production

Production planning and scheduling are becoming the core of production management, which support the decision of a petrochemical company. The optimization of production planning and scheduling is attempted by every refinery because it gains additional profit and stabilizes the daily production. The optimization problem considered in industry and academic research is of different levels of realism and complexity, thus increasing the gap. Operation research with mathematical programming is a conventional approach used to address the planning and scheduling problem. Additionally, modeling the processes, objectives, and constraints and developing the optimization algorithms are significant for industry and research. This paper introduces the perspective of production planning and scheduling from the development viewpoint.     

江澳两地高校文创设计的协同研究与商业实践

目的 探索江门世遗文化的传承、发展和转化的新思路,践行国家在《粤港澳大湾区发展规划》纲要中要求江门承担与港澳地区文化创意合作与开发任务的分工。方法 与澳门高校紧密合作,开展专业培训课程,以开平碉楼为例,从人文视角开展设计研究,梳理开平碉楼的文化脉络,把世遗文化的元素和其背后的文化融入文创产品中,提升文创产品的附加值,推动当地文创产业结构的变革。结果 两地高校构建了稳定的科研团队,开设长期有效的设计培训课程,与景区建立了研究协作关系,帮助景区构建了一套产销研的商业模式。结论 以跨区域高校合作为平台,以文创产品为抓手,依托江澳两地的资源优势,可以构建江门世遗文化全新的品牌形象,最终推动开平世遗文化的活化。     

Error and uncertainty in modeling and simulation

This article develops a general framework for identifying error and uncertainty in computational simulations that deal with the numerical solution of a set of partial differential equations (PDEs). A comprehensive, new view of the general phases of modeling and simulation is proposed, consisting of the following phases: conceptual modeling of the physical system, mathematical modeling of the conceptual model, discretization and algorithm selection for the mathematical model, computer programming of the discrete model, numerical solution of the computer program model, and representation of the numerical solution. Our view incorporates the modeling and simulation phases that are recognized in the systems engineering and operations research communities, but it adds phases that are specific to the numerical solution of PDEs. In each of these phases, general sources of uncertainty, both aleatory and epistemic, and error are identified. Our general framework is applicable to any numerical discretization procedure for solving ODEs or PDEs. To demonstrate this framework, we describe a system-level example: the flight of an unguided, rocket-boosted, aircraft-launched missile. This example is discussed in detail at each of the six phases of modeling and simulation. Two alternative models of the flight dynamics are considered, along with aleatory uncertainty of the initial mass of the missile and epistemic uncertainty in the thrust of the rocket motor. We also investigate the interaction of modeling uncertainties and numerical integration error in the solution of the ordinary differential equations for the flight dynamics.     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

The Candela and Photometric and Radiometric Measurements

The national measurement system for photometric and radiometric quantities is presently based upon techniques that make these quantities traceable to a high-accuracy cryogenic radiometer. The redefinition of the candela in 1979 provided the opportunity for national measurement laboratories to base their photometric measurements on optical detector technology rather than on the emission from high-temperature blackbody optical sources. The ensuing technical developments of the past 20 years, including the significant improvements in cryogenic radiometer performance, have provided the opportunity to place the fundamental maintenance of photometric quantities upon absolute detector based technology as was allowed by the 1979 redefinition. Additionally, the development of improved photodetectors has had a significant impact on the methodology in most of the radiometric measurement areas. This paper will review the status of the NIST implementation of the technical changes mandated by the 1979 redefinition of the candela and its effect upon the maintenance and dissemination of optical radiation measurements.     

Creation and motion of dislocations and fracture in metal and silicon crystals

By making a step on one surface ( ) of a rectangular small paralellepiped copper crystal, dislocations could be created by the molecular dynamic method. The dislocation created was not a complete edge dislocation but a pair of Heidenreich-Shockley partial dislocations. Each time a dislocation was created, the stress on the surface was released. Small copper crystals having a notch were pulled (until fracture), compressed and buckled by use of the molecular dynamic method. An embedded atom potential was used to represent the interaction between atoms. Dislocations were created near the tip of the notch. A very sharp yield stress was observed. The results of high speed deformations of pure silicon small crystals using the molecular dynamics are presented. The results suggest that plastic deformation may be possible for the silicon with a high speed deformation even at room temperature. Another small size single crystal, the same size and the same surfaces, was compressed using molecular dynamic method. The surfaces are {110}, {112} and {111}. The compressed direction was [111]. It was found that silicon crystals are possible to be compressed with a high speed deformation. This may suggest that silicon may be plastically deformed with high speed deformation.     

SMC／BMC的回收与再利用

SMC／BMC废弃物对工业及环境造成了很大影响，指出了SMC／BMC回收再利用的紧迫性。通过对目前国际上SMC／BMC回收再利用的3种典型途径优缺点的对比，参照国外SMC／BMC回收再利用的先进方法，对我国SMC／BMC回收再利用提供了可行的建议．