Cu-Zr-Al-Nb块体金属玻璃的非晶形成能力和力学性能（英文）

采用悬浮熔炼-水冷铜模吸铸法制备不同直径的Cu46Zr44Al5Nb5非晶合金,并研究其非晶形成能力和力学性能。XRD分析、DSC曲线和透射电镜的选区电子衍射花样结果表明,直径分别为3,4,6 mm的合金棒均为全非晶结构,该合金成分具有良好的玻璃形成能力和热稳定性,其过冷液相区宽度和约化玻璃转变温度分别为52 K和0.60。由TTT曲线计算得出合金的玻璃形成临界冷却速率为3.985 K/s。不同尺寸合金棒凝固过程中的冷却速率不同,导致制得不同直径合金棒的X衍射峰强度、晶化焓和断裂强度呈现显著差异。     

铜基大块非晶合金的临界冷速与组织形貌变化

制备了具有良好玻璃形成能力的Cu52.5Ti30Zr11.5Ni6大块非晶合金，其临界直径达到5mm，临界冷却速率约为126．8K／s。采用Jackson-Hunt公式计算了晶化组织形成的冷却速率。当冷却速率在10K／s-120K／s时，晶化组织则出现亚稳初生相与共晶共存的形态。当冷却速率低于10K／s时，亚稳初生相的析出将被逐渐抑制，使得共晶生长方式发生改变。     

紧耦合气雾化制备Al基合金非晶粉末的研究

研究了紧耦合气雾化制粉过程中AlNiY合金熔滴的冷却行为以及非晶颗粒的形成机制.结果表明：（1）AlNiY合金非晶化的临界冷却速率大致为10^3K/s;（2）熔滴的冷却速率与直径成反比,当直径小于25 μm时,熔滴达到临界冷却速率实现非晶化.当直径大于25μm时,熔滴无法获得非晶化临界冷却速率,只能发生形核结晶;（3）熔滴的非晶化还与雾化过程相关,由于熔滴破碎时的位置和温度不同,获得的冷却速率将不同,出现了相同直径（小于25 μm）的颗粒存在非晶和结晶两种状态.     

Mg-Cu-Y合金非晶形成能力及热稳定性分析

利用单辊甩带法快速凝固技术制备Mg65Cu25Y10合金非晶薄带,采用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪对非晶薄带的玻璃形成能力及其热稳定性进行了分析,通过Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的表观激活能。结果表明,Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金具有较强的玻璃形成能力,其过冷液相区宽度值在42⁵6 K之间,约化玻璃转变温度为0.52。Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的热稳定性较高,其玻璃转变激活能和起始晶化激活能分别为352.0、137.5 kJ/mol,两个晶化峰值激活能分别为61.2 kJ/mol和81.4 kJ/mol。Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的玻璃化转变和晶化均具有动力学效应,随着升温速率提高,非晶合金的特征转变温度向高温区移动。     

Cu模吸铸法制备Cu-基块体非晶合金

采用磁悬浮熔炼和Cu模吸铸工艺成功制备了圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金，试样表面平滑且具有典型的金属光泽。试验制备的圆棒Cu50Zr42Al8块体非晶合金的直径尺寸小于Ф5mm，该成分的块体非晶合金具有较强的非晶形成能力，其玻璃转变温度Tg=723K，晶化温度t=773K，过冷度△T=50K，约化玻璃转变温度Trg=0.753。     

Mg-Cu-Y合金非晶形成能力及热稳定性分析

利用单辊甩带法快速凝固技术制备Mg65Cu25Y10合金非晶薄带,采用X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热仪对非晶薄带的玻璃形成能力及其热稳定性进行了分析,通过Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的表观激活能。结果表明,Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金具有较强的玻璃形成能力,其过冷液相区宽度值在42~56 K之间,约化玻璃转变温度为0.52。Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的热稳定性较高,其玻璃转变激活能和起始晶化激活能分别为352.0、137.5 kJ/mol,两个晶化峰值激活能分别为61.2 kJ/mol和81.4 kJ/mol。Mg65Cu25Y10非晶合金的玻璃化转变和晶化均具有动力学效应,随着升温速率提高,非晶合金的特征转变温度向高温区移动。     

吸铸法制备Mg-基大块非晶合金

采用吸铸方法首次制备出直径为3mm的Mg65Cu20Gd10Co5（原子百分比）四元玻璃态金属合金，并利用X射线衍射法（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了其结构和热稳定性。实验结果表明，从XRD图谱看，该合金几乎均由非晶相组成，由DSC曲线分析知合金的玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tx值分别为413和473K，过冷液相区宽度△Tx值为60K,表明该合金具有较大的玻璃形成能力。     

Ti对Cu-Zr合金非晶形成能力的影响

采用铜模吸铸法制备楔形Cu-Zr-Ti系列非晶合金;用X射线衍射、差式扫描量热仪对合金的非晶形成能力和热稳定性进行了研究.结果表明:Ti的加入可以明显改善Cu-Zr合金的非晶形成能力.Cu56Zr36Ti8合金的XRD曲线呈漫射峰,为完全非晶,其玻璃转变温度为696 K,晶化温度为763 K,过冷液相区△T=Tx-Tg=67 K,具有较好的热稳定性.     

高强高韧Mg60Cu16Ni10Nd14块体非晶合金的研究

采用铜模铸造法制备了直径为5mm的Mg60Cu16Ni10Nd14块体非晶合金,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)X射线衍射(XRD)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了其组织、相结构和热稳定性。结果表明:合金为完全的非晶结构,且出现了相分离;玻璃转变温度Tg、晶化温度Tx分别为431和488K,过冷液相区△Tx为57K,表明该合金具有较大的玻璃形成能力。压缩试验表明:合金的压缩断裂强度为653MPa,断口出现的大量韧窝是合金塑性变形量达到2.5%的主要原因。     

Nd60Fe30Al10大块非晶的制备及其热稳定性

采用熔渣包覆水淬法获得了直径为6mm,长度为50mm的非晶Nd60Fe30Al10合金,并对其非晶形成能力进行了研究。在三元系非晶合金中,除Pd基合金外,这是目前所报道的采用水淬法能获得的最大尺寸的非晶合金。对Nd60Fe30Al10在同样的条件下可获得直径为3mm,长度为50mm的部分非晶组织。与普通铜模铸造方法所获得的临界直径相比,前者提高了2mm,而后者降低了4mm.利用DTA和DSC对Nd60Fe30Al10合金的热熔点和形成能力进行了分析,所计算的临界冷却速率为0.55K／s,表明该合金具有较大的非晶形成能力。表观晶化能计算结果和DSC曲线分析表明,Nd60Fe30Al10非晶的热稳定性较低。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。