过时效析出相粒子对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金热加工晶粒演变的影响

对新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金锻造坯料进行过时效处理,确定析出相大小和分布能满足激发再结晶形核的过时效制度。随后在温度330℃~400℃、应变速率0.01 s~(-1)~1 s~(-1)和变形量60%~80%条件下对过时效试样进行热压缩变形,再经470℃2 h固溶处理。采用光学显微镜(OM)和电子显微镜(EBSD和TEM)方法研究过时效处理试样中析出相粒子的大小和分布特征,以及析出相粒子对随后热压缩变形和固溶处理过程中晶粒演变的影响。结果表明,经过400℃14 h过时效处理后,锻造坯料中析出相粒子的大小和分布满足再结晶形核条件;再经ln Z≈20和60%~80%较大压下量条件下的变形后,在470℃2 h固溶处理后可以得到细小均匀的等轴再结晶晶粒组织。     

固溶前退火对2024铝合金薄板组织与性能的影响

采用热分析、拉伸试验、EBSD等分析手段,研究了固溶前退火对2024铝合金薄板组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:固溶前进行350℃高温退火,再结晶晶粒长大,力学性能相对直接固溶时效大幅降低。固溶前进行250℃低温退火,再结晶晶粒特征与直接固溶处理的较为接近,再结晶Cube织构得到强化,力学性能相对直接固溶时效仅有小幅下降。     

AuAgCu合金组织与性能研究

采用真空熔炼、轧制和固溶处理,然后冷加工75%制备Au Ag Cu35-5合金片材。研究合金固溶和时效处理对组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:500℃固溶处理时,合金组织为纤维状回复再结晶结构。随固溶温度增加,组织发生完全再结晶并长大,形成贯穿晶粒的完整退火孪晶。炉冷和时效处理时,组织为等轴细小的球形晶粒。合金的硬度随固溶温度升高而降低,时效硬度随温度升高而增大。300℃时效时,硬度在3 h时效时达到峰值,然后随时间增加,缓慢降低。     

Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金再结晶行为研究

对固溶态Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si合金在二级变形+时效后进行了再结晶退火,研究了变形量对合金硬度、再结晶组织和再结晶动力学行为的影响。结果表明:在400℃退火时,变形量越大,再结晶速度越快;在不同温度退火时,变形量一定,退火温度越高,再结晶速度越快;在再结晶回复过程中,显微硬度和组织基本不变化;再结晶过程中显微硬度迅速下降,出现细小新晶粒并不断长大。经80%变形的合金软化温度为530℃,再结晶温度在500℃左右;在不同变形量退火时,40%变形量,合金发生再结晶的激活能为5.63 kJ/mol。再结晶的激活能随变形量的增加而降低,当变形量由40%增至80%时,再结晶激活能由5.63 kJ/mol降至4.17 kJ/mol。     

2026铝合金热变形及热处理过程中的微观组织演变(英文)

研究2026铝合金在温度为300-450°C和应变速率为0.01-10s-1的变形条件与固溶时效热处理后微观组织之间的关系。结果表明:热处理后的再结晶和析出特性与热变形时的温度补偿应变速率Z有关。在低Z条件下,热处理后会形成少量细小的再结晶晶粒,热变形过程产生的高角度亚晶粒和粗大析出物被保留下来;高Z条件下,热处理后会产生大量细小等轴晶再结晶晶粒,热变形过程产生的高密度晶胞和相对细小的动态析出物被热处理后完整的亚晶粒和相对粗化的析出物所替代。热处理后的平均再结晶晶粒尺寸随着Z值的增加而减小。建立两者的定量关系式。     

固溶处理对06Cr19Ni9NbN钢微观组织与力学性能的影响

在变形温度1100 ℃,变形量30%的条件下进行平面应变压缩,并对压缩后的06Cr19Ni9NbN钢进行微观组织观察及力学性能测试。将压缩后试样进行1050 ℃保温2 h 的固溶处理,观察固溶处理后试样微观组织及力学性能的变化。结果表明:热压缩过程中,变形量越大的区域发生动态再结晶的程度越高,晶粒尺寸越小,组织越均匀。固溶处理后,细小的再结晶晶粒逐渐长大,组织变得较为均匀,晶粒尺寸增加到100 μm后逐渐趋于稳定。固溶处理对该钢的伸长率影响不大,但固溶处理后其屈服强度降低约20 MPa。     

Mg-4Zn-0.5Er-1Y镁合金板材的组织与力学性能

研究了Mg-4Zn-0.5Er-1Y变形合金轧制板材在经200～380℃,保温0.5～4h退火处理后,合金显微组织的演变及其力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,该合金退火后均出现明显的动态再结晶组织,且晶粒比较细小,基体中存在大量含有稀土元素的第二相,这些第二相在热轧状态下破碎成细小的颗粒,促进了动态再结晶晶粒的异质形核。合金退火处理后的强度较原轧制态降低,但塑性却得到明显的改善。最佳退火温度为350℃,保温0.5h后晶粒尺寸约为8μm,抗拉强度为276MPa,伸长率达到最大为22.5%。经过计算可知,该合金再结晶晶界迁移激活能为22.76kJ/mol,同时建立了该合金再结晶晶粒长大的动力学模型。     

700℃超超临界锅炉过热器管材Inconel 740H合金冷变形行为研究

对Inconel 740H合金荒管进行了不同变形量的冷轧实验,分析了其冷变形特性。通过冷变形后不同制度的退火处理,对Inconel 740H合金组织演变规律进行研究,建立了退火过程中再结晶晶粒长大方程。同时引入不均匀因子Z对组织均匀性进行评定。研究表明,Inconel 740H合金中间退火处理中的静态再结晶过程主要受退火温度和保温时间影响,所构建的再结晶晶粒长大方程与实验值吻合度较好。冷轧变形量为20%,中间退火制度为1100℃/5 min时得到的组织最为均匀。     

Al-5.6Mg-0.30Zr合金超细再结晶组织与超塑性研究

采用熔炼-铸造-均匀化退火-挤压工艺制备了Al-5.6Mg-0.30Zr-0.07Cr-0.16Mn合金管材.截取试样,经析出退火处理(490℃×24 h固溶+300℃×8 h过时效)后,制备了冷轧薄板和冷旋薄管.采用OM、TEM、SEM、硬度测量、超塑拉伸试验等手段研究了冷轧板和冷旋管的退火行为与再结晶组织,以及在480～540℃,8×10-4 s-1条件下的超塑性变形与断裂行为.结果表明,引入析出退火处理有利于冷轧板和冷旋管获得晶粒均匀细小的再结晶组织,有利于提高冷轧板和冷旋管的超塑性.在480～540℃,8×10-4 s-1条件下,试验合金冷轧板和冷旋管都可以获得良好的超塑性拉伸性能,但是,冷旋管的超塑性均稍低.     

690合金管冷轧及退火处理过程中的组织演变

利用光学金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了690合金一次冷轧管在中间退火过程中的组织演变规律,以及不同固溶处理制度对690合金二次冷轧管（成品尺寸管）的晶粒度和碳化物回溶行为的影响,并建立了退火过程中再结晶晶粒长大方程。试验结果表明：一次冷轧管中间退火最优工艺是1100℃/5 min,所建立的晶粒长大模型预测结果与实验值吻合很好,成品管经1100℃/3 min固溶后,平均晶粒尺寸在23.5μm左右,晶粒组织均匀,碳化物完全溶解。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.