数控机床精度测量及其补偿计算

介绍一种测量数控机床和加工中心运动误差的装置——双频激光干涉仪的特点、测试原理及测量方法,并结合数控铣床的精度测量,给出丝杆螺距正、反向误差补偿的具体计算方法。     

双频激光干涉在数控机床定位误差补偿系统中的应用

本文阐述了双频激光干涉仪的测量原理、精度和测量方法，并在计算机控制的误差补偿系统中，应用双频激光干涉仪对数控机床的定位误差进行补偿，实验结果表明：这种方法可以大幅度提高数控机床的定位精度。     

数控机床螺距误差测量与补偿

分析了激光干涉仪测量线性误差的原理.提出了一种使用激光干涉仪对数控机床反向间隙和滚珠丝杠螺距误差进行测量和补偿的方法,并给出了应用实例.实践结果表明该方法有效地提高了数控机床的加工精度.     

基于FANUC系统的螺纹误差测量与补偿

螺距误差是影响数控机床加工精度的重要因素.根据误差产生原因,介绍数控机床螺距误差补偿的依据和原理;以某一型号数控车床为例,详细说明了利用激光干涉仪实现误差测量及补偿的具体方法.结果表明,该补偿方法能较大程度提高数控机床的加工精度.     

机床检测及精度修正浅析

介绍了双频激光干涉仪的原理,并设计了机床精度测量方案.在分析检测过程存在的多种误差的基础上,采用HP5519B双频激光干涉仪实现了TH5680立式加工中心X轴定位精度等的检测.结果表明:增量型的螺距补偿方式有效改善了定位精度和其他机床精度;同时证明了软件补偿方式在保证机床精度检测方面的重要性.     

数控机床螺距误差补偿与分析

文章通过实例介绍数控机床滚珠丝杆传动机构的螺距误差的测量、补偿依据、补偿方法与操作要点,以及补偿效果的验证与分析.通过利用英国RENISHAW公司的ML10激光干涉仪对FANUC 0i系统数控铣床X轴的螺距误差进行测量、补偿及验证,结果说明,对滚珠丝杆传动机构的反向偏差与螺距误差进行补偿是提高机床精度的一种重要手段.     

螺距误差补偿在提高数控转台定位精度中的应用

本文介绍了回转轴的螺距误差补偿原理和基于激光干涉仪的螺距误差测量系统,并讨论了这种螺距误差补偿方法在提高数控转台定位精度时所出现的问题和解决方案。     

数控机床定位精度检测及补偿方法研究

为了提高数控机床的定位精度,保证加工工件质量,需辨识影响机床精度的误差源并对误差进行补偿。论述了利用激光干涉仪对数控车床定位精度进行检测的原理,建立了检测数据处理的数学模型,确定了定位精度误差补偿方法,结合具体的数控车床实例进行了定位精度的检测与分析,根据分析结果实现了反向间隙误差与丝杠螺距误差补偿,最后对定位精度的补偿效果进行了评价。实际应用结果表明：该定位精度检测及补偿方法具有可行性,数控车床的定位精度得到了显著地提高。     

激光干涉测量中的误差分析与补偿

介绍了双频激光干涉仪的测量原理,从安装和测量等方面深入分析了激光干涉测量所固有的系统误差、阿贝误差及余弦误差、环境误差及延时误差,讨论了各种误差对测量结果的影响,并给出了相应的误差补偿方法。     

数控机床误差检测技术研究

研究了基于激光测试技术的数控机床误差识别与检测.在分析机床误差源和各误差项目的基础上,使用Ren-ishaw激光干涉仪和高精度位移传感器实现机床线性定位误差和主轴热误差的测量.该误差检测方法在机床工业研究中具有广泛的应用范围和通用性,对进一步提高数控机床的加工精度具有重要的研究意义.     

Autonomous form measurement on machining centers for free-form surfaces

This research aims at developing a measurement technique on machining centers for 3D free-form contours. An autonomous measuring principle is proposed and a prototype measuring device applicable to a machining center has been produced. In the measuring device, a laser displacement detector in a narrow range, which directly detects the distance from a point on the measured surface to the reference position of the detector output, is put together with the movable part of a linear encoder on the nut of a ball screw. A stepping motor controls the laser detector position to keep the output at the central value of the detector measuring range by driving the ball screw. Both the motor and the fixed part of the linear encoder are placed on the device base. The linear encoder detects the moving displacement of the screw nut, i.e. the position change of the laser detector. By installing the base on the spindle of a machining center and moving the table along a plane perpendicular to the spindle, the laser detector can automatically follow the contour of a work piece set on the table and measure its form along a scanning line, simultaneously. The displacement of a measured point relative to the reference position of the linear encoder output on the spindle side is just equal to the sum of the outputs of the two sensors, i.e. the laser detector and the linear encoder. Moreover, a simple experimental approach to identifying the sensing direction errors for an assembled measuring device is developed. The results of some experiments are also shown, which sufficiently demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed inspection method and error identification approach.     

精密滚珠丝杠螺旋线误差动态测量方法的研究

介绍了“精密滚珠丝杠螺旋线误差动态测量仪”的总体结构设计和测量系统的软、硬件实现方法。通过对测量结果的多次试验,并对丝杠螺旋线误差曲线进行了温度修正和滤波处理,为用户提供了可靠的检测报告。     

数控车削多面体的误差分析及其补偿

在数控车床上利用旋转的车刀车削多面体时,存在着一定的加工误差,并且,其加工误差的大小与刀具长度成反比,与工件直径成正比.文章提出通过实时改变刀具与工件间中心距的方法来进行误差补偿,并给出了具体的误差补偿公式,而且可以直接应用于数控插补计算.采用这种误差补偿方法可以大大地提高车削多面体的精度,扩大车削多面体的尺寸范围.     

带标准分度转台的激光角度干涉仪的不准直误差模型

为了探讨带标准分度转台的激光角度干涉仪在测量过程中的安装不准直误差对测量结果的影响,在分析回转轴转角误差测量原理的基础上,根据测量光路的几何特征变化规律,提出测量系统的不准直误差模型。研究不准直误差变化对转角误差测量结果的影响,明确了为保证最终测量结果的精度在±1″内宜采取的误差控制措施。通过与自准直仪配合高精度多面棱体方法进行比对实验,并利用不准直误差模型对测量结果进行修正后,可以将测量结果的最大差值减小为-0.52″。结果表明所建立的误差模型的正确性,在准确评估和提高测量系统的精度上有一定的推广价值。     

一种点位式三维坐标视觉测量系统

利用摄像机测量方向和激光测距仪测距精度较高的优势,提出了一种基于摄像机和激光测距仪的点位式视觉三维坐标测量系统,给出了系统的组成和测量原理,建立了系统模型,推导出了被测点三维坐标的求解公式,并对系统测量的稳定性进行了实验测试。结果表明,本系统的测量精度较高,且系统模型及其求解都比较简单。     

Geometric and quasi-static thermal error compensation for a laser digitizer equipped coordinate measuring machine

An emerging trend in dimensional inspection of manufactured parts is the use of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) equipped with non-contact laser digitizers instead of traditional contact probes. Error mapping is generally proprietary to the CMM controller, and the accuracy of such a combined system is limited by the lack of integrated CMM/laser digitizer error compensation. This paper reports progress towards achieving such a system.Geometric error compensation measurements are made on a test machine at 20, 25 and 30 °C. Performance of the system was tested by measuring a special optically coated sphere ballbar artifact. The scan coordinates, the CMM axis scale positions and temperature were recorded simultaneously in real time. The CMM error compensation data was then used to post process the laser digitizer coordinates to obtain improved global part coordinates.Inclusion of the error compensation terms is shown to reduce the dispersion of results by 65 to 80%.     

基于激光的立铣刀圆角半径测量误差补偿方法

数控加工中心在使用激光对刀仪测量立铣刀圆角半径时，即使经过精度调整和标定依然存在系统误差。分析激光对刀仪测量立铣刀圆角半径的原理，提出激光遮蔽误差是产生该系统误差的主要因素；建立激光遮蔽误差补偿表达式，进行实验验证。结果表明：补偿后测量误差从0.08 mm降低到0.02 mm，证明了该补偿方法的实用性。     

Improvement of machining quality of copper-plated roll mold by controlling temperature variation

Micro prism film used in LCD industry can be manufactured by roll to roll method with copper-plated roll mold. As copper-plated roll mold is getting larger, pitch error is getting severer. The pitch error drops the quality of micro prism film. The main cause of the pitch error was investigated during machining large roll mold whose machined length was 1 200 mm. The temperature of machining system was elevated during machining roll mold, and this elevation induced thermal expansion of the system. The temperature variation around the roll mold also made thermal expansion of the roll mold. The amount of thermal expansion had strong relationship to the amount of pitch error. Therefore, the roll mold was machined after warming-up of machining system and precise temperature controller around copper-plated roll mold was installed, which minimized the temperature variation. Finally, precise micro prism patterns without pitch error were machined on the large roll mold.     

压缩机螺杆转子型线逆向设计方法

在介绍传统螺杆型线设计方法的基础上,提出了基于测量数据的螺杆型线逆向设计方法.通过三维激光扫描仪测得压缩机螺杆的点云数据,对螺杆扫描数据进行处理,针对螺杆截面数据采用NURBS曲线拟合螺杆型线.最后实现了一种精确反求螺杆型线的方法.