改性木粉/PVC复合材料的研究进展

概述了PVC木塑复合材料的发展和背景与性能。简述了木质材料的性质和木粉改性的方法,如物理方法和化学方法。介绍了木塑复合材料的生产流程、成型方法(模压成型、挤出成型、注射成型及其成型设备,讨论了对工艺参数的一些要求。指出目前国内PVC木塑复合材料发展存在的一些问题,并指明了PVC木塑复合材料的应用前景。     

木塑复合材料挤出成型工艺及性能的研究

研究了木塑复合材料的挤出成型工艺，以及木粉用量、相容剂对材料性能的影响。结果表明：用双螺杆挤出机代替单螺杆挤出机挤出成型，是一种可行的方法；并解决了加料困难、木粉用量增大时烧焦以及体系分散不均匀等问题。获得了更好的混合、塑化效果，所得木塑复合材料具有良好的加工流动性；木粉的加入对加工流动性的影响不大；木塑材料的拉伸强度随木粉用量的增加而基本保持不变。     

PVC/木粉复合材料挤出发泡成型的研究

介绍木塑复合材料挤出发泡成型的发展和加工难点,针对聚氯乙烯(PVC)／木粉复合材料挤出发泡的成型方法,从原料、配方、工艺、设备等方面作了详细分析。简述了PVC／木粉复合材料挤出发泡制品的性能及影响制品性能的主要因素。     

木塑复合材料型材配方工艺研究

以经处理的不同粒径的木粉和聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂为主要原料,用双螺杆挤出机挤出生产木塑复合材料型材。探讨了木粉干燥时间和温度、物料的塑化、型材截面对制品成型加工的影响,给出了木塑复合材料型材的加工工艺条件。所生产的木塑复合材料型材具有尺寸变化率小、加热后状态稳定、吸水率小等特点。     

PVC／木粉复合材料挤出发泡成型的研究

介绍木塑复合材料挤出发泡成型的发展和加工难点，并针对聚氯乙烯（PVC）／木粉复合材料挤出发泡的成型方法，从原料、配方、工艺、设备等方面作了详细分析。最后简述了PVC／木粉复合材料挤出发泡制品的性能及影响制品性能的主要因紊。     

高档木塑复合材料挤出成型工艺及装备的研究

介绍了木塑复合材料挤出成型研究的背景和国内外研究的现状,给出了最新研发的高档木塑制品的性能测试数据及加工成型工艺.研究了在使用自制的专用设备和专用助剂的情况下,水分处理工艺、木粉处理工艺、助剂协同处理工艺和模具涂覆对制品性能的影响.     

木塑复合材料的成型加工及影响因素

以废旧塑料和木粉为原料,采用4份的硅烷偶联剂对木粉进行预处理,通过单螺杆挤出机造粒,模压成型方法制备木塑复合材料(WPC).研究了模压成型工艺参数对WPC抗弯强度的影响,分析了WPC的表面形貌.结果表明,塑料与木粉质量比为1:1时,成型工艺因素对WPC抗弯强度影响程度的排序为:成型温度>成型时间>成型压力;在170℃、5 MPa条件下热压60 min,所得WPC的抗弯强度为31.16 MPa.     

浅谈木塑复合材料挤出加工工艺参数对成型性能的影响

以热塑性塑料和木粉为主要原料,采用挤出成型工艺制备产品。重点对影响木塑复合材料挤出成型性能的主要工艺参数复合添加剂、挤出温度、机头压力、螺杆转速、冷却速度、挤出模具等进行了分析。     

PVC/木塑复合材料挤出发泡的研究进展

由于木塑复合材料的独特优点,使其需求迅速增长,很多国家正着手建立本国的木塑工业体系。总结了国内外在PVC木/塑复合材料挤出发泡研究上取得的进展,分别从木粉处理、配方、成型工艺及成型设备等关键技术上介绍PVC木/塑发泡复合材料研究取得的成就。并就当前的发展情况,提出了PVC木/塑发泡材料的发展方向。     

聚乙烯醇缩丁醛木塑复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用熔融挤出成型制备聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)木塑复合材料。研究丙烯酸酯类加工助剂(ZB-750)、木粉含量对PVB木塑复合材料的加工性能和力学性能的影响。研究表明,ZB-750能够改善木塑复合材料的表观质量,减少表面缺陷,使PVB木塑复合材料更致密。随着ZB-750含量的增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度逐渐增大,冲击强度先增大后减小。木粉含量超过100份时加工性能变差,拉伸强度降低,冲击强度会随木粉含量的增加而降低。木粉含量对木塑复合材料的硬度影响较大,且随着木粉含量的增加而逐渐增加。     

Potassium methyl siliconate‐treated pulp fibers and their effects on wood plastic composites: Water sorption and dimensional stability

Potassium methyl siliconate (PMS) was investigated as a new nano modifier of wood fiber and wood flour to improve the compatibility between the fiber/flour and the plastic matrix in fiber reinforced plastic composites. Before injection molding, bleached and brown pulp fibers and mixed species wood flour were pretreated in PMS solutions. The morphology of the treated and untreated fiber and flour, the compatibility of PMS‐treated fiber and flour with polyethylene (PE), and the water sorption and volumetric swell of PMS‐treated fiber/flour plastic composites in a long‐term soaking test were evaluated. Fiber and flour treated with PMS increased the compatibility between the fiber/flour and the PE matrix. The increased compatibility of PMS‐treated fiber and flour with the matrix contributed to the reduction of water sorption and, thus, increased dimensional stability. For all composites, water sorption and volumetric swell of fiber/four plastic composites decreased as the ratio of fiber to flour increased. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Effects of repetitive processing,wood content,and coupling agent on the mechanical,thermal, and water absorption properties of wood/polypropylene green composites

In an effort to determine to what extent natural fiber/plastic composites were recyclable, this study conducted repetitive processing cycles on wood flour/polypropylene composites through extrusion up to three times followed by injection molding. Mechanical properties of the composites, containing 10–50?wt% wood flour and with/without addition of 3?wt% maleic anhydride polypropylene (MAPP) as coupling agent, were evaluated by conducting tensile test, thermal analysis, and water absorption test. Repetitive processing as well as wood content and coupling agent addition influenced physical properties of the composites. MAPP functioned well in improving fiber-matrix adhesion in terms of mechanical properties. Repetitive processing did not deteriorate the composite’s properties; rather opposite effect was shown. Thermal analysis indicated that the alteration in properties was contributed by the molecular condition of the polypropylene matrix. Water absorption increased with the wood flour content but reduced when MAPP was added and with more processing cycles.     

木粉对PVC木塑复合材料力学性能影响

采用电镜扫描观察了3种木粉的纤维细胞尺寸及其木粉微观形态。研究了木粉粒度、微观特性以及木粉添加量对了聚氯乙烯（PVC）木塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，木粉表面裸露的微细纤维增加和粒度减小，有助于提高木塑复合材料力学强度；加入少量木粉使木塑复合材料力学性能降低，但随着木粉添加量的增大，木塑复合材料的抗弯性能和拉伸强度上升；木塑复合材料的冲击强度随木粉含量增加而下降。     

HDPE-g-MAH增容HDPE/木粉复合材料的制备及加工设备的研究

使用HDPE-g-MAH做增容剂,通过双螺杆挤出机制备了HDPE/木粉复合材料,对HDPE-g-MAH进行量变实验,通过力学性能测试确定了最佳用量,并利用SEM对材料微观形貌进行了观察。在此基础上又采用单螺杆挤出机、开炼机和密炼机等不同的加工设备分别制备了木塑复合材料,对力学性能进行了对比表征。结果表明:HDPE-g-MAH的加入很好地改善了木塑复合材料的界面相容性、力学性能和木粉的分散性,HDPE-g-MAH的最佳用量为5份;而且只有使用剪切效果优良的双螺杆挤出机才能制备出性能优异的木塑复合材料。     

Fabrication and characterization of biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate)/wood flour composites

Wood flour reinforced poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) composites were prepared by melt blending followed by compression molding. The effects of reinforcement on the morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal properties of PPC/wood flour composites were investigated. In terms of mechanical properties, wood flour had the significant effect of improving tensile strength and stiffness. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed good dispersion of wood flour (especially at lower content) in the PPC matrix. Moreover, experimental results indicated that the wood flour addition led to an obvious improvement in the thermal stability of the composites. This paper demonstrates that the incorporation of low‐cost and biodegradable wood flour into PPC provides a practical way to produce completely biodegradable and cost‐competitive composites with good mechanical properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 782–787, 2006     

PP基木塑复合材料的制备及性能研究

以PP为基体,采用热压成型方法制备木塑复合材料。通过X-ray衍射,SEM研究了木粉含量、偶联剂改性对复合材料结晶、流变、力学性能的影响。结果表明,木粉的加入会抑制β-PP晶型的生成,10份木粉可能有助于（040）晶面的生长。随着木粉含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度有所提高,而冲击性能明显降低。加入0.5份铝酸酯偶联剂时,α-PP的特征峰（130）,以及主要晶面（010）、（040）的衍射强度均有所增加,缺口冲击强度为6.25kJ/㎡,较WF30提高23.52%,SEM结果也显示出同样的趋势;同时,材料的加工性能也有所改善。     

抗静电木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的研究

为了提高木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的抗静电性能,通过高速混合、挤出造粒以及热压成型的方式制备了4种抗静电木粉/聚丙烯复合材料,并比较了它们的体积电阻率和拉伸强度,结果表明:在4种抗静电复合材料中加入炭黑的复合材料体积电阻率最小,拉伸强度最大。探讨了炭黑用量对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料抗静电性能和力学性能的影响,结果表明:当炭黑用量增加时,复合材料的体积电阻率明显降低,拉伸强度和弯曲强度出现最大值,弹性模量和断裂伸长率呈下降趋势。     

木粉疏水改性对HDPE基木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用一种操作简便且易于工业推广的方法对木粉进行疏水改性,具体过程为：将3种可热聚合的单体,即甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）和苯乙烯（St）均匀喷洒在木粉上,经过预热处理后,与配方中其他组分,如高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）等通过高速混合机混合均匀,采用双螺杆挤出机造粒后,注射制备木塑复合材料（WPC）样条,测试其力学性能。另外,考察了疏水改性对WPC接触角、维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、吸水性能、热性能的影响规律。结果表明：疏水改性后WPC的接触角增大,木粉和HDPE的界面相容性改善,力学性能得到明显提高。其中,当MMA、BMA和St的添加量为3%时,WPC的力学性能最好,与疏水改性前相比,弯曲强度分别提高了17.3%、26.3%和27.5%,弯曲模量分别提高了24.4%、24.4%和26.0%,冲击强度分别提高了54.7%、57.7%和60.5%。 此外,疏水改性后WPC的维卡软化温度、洛氏硬度、耐水性和耐热性也得到改善。     

Tensile properties of wood flour/kenaf fiber polypropylene hybrid composites

Hybrid composites of wood flour/kenaf fiber and polypropylene were prepared at a fixed fiber to plastic ratio of 40 : 60 and variable ratios of the two reinforcements namely 40 : 0, 30 : 10, 20 : 20, 10 : 30, and 0 : 40 by weight. Polypropylene was used as the polymer matrix, and 40–80 mesh kenaf fiber and 60–100 mesh wood flour were used as the fiber and the particulate reinforcement, respectively. Maleic anhydride and dicumyl peroxide were also used as the coupling agent and initiator, respectively. Mixing process was carried out in an internal mixer at 180°C at 60 rpm. ASTM D 638 Type I tensile specimens of the composites were produced by injection molding. Static tensile tests were performed to study the mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites. The hybrid effect on the elastic modulus of the composites was also investigated using the rule of hybrid mixtures and Halpin–Tsai equations. The relationship between experimental and predicted values was evaluated and accuracy estimation of the models was performed. The results indicated that while nonhybrid composites of kenaf fiber and wood flour exhibited the highest and lowest modulus values respectively, the moduli of hybrid composites were closely related to the fiber to particle ratio of the reinforcements. Rule of hybrid mixtures equation was able to predict the elastic modulus of the composites better than Halpin–Tsai equation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Effects of vinyltrimethoxy silane on thermal properties and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene–wood flour composites

The viability of vinyltrimethoxy silane was investigated as a coupling agent for the manufacture of wood–plastic composites (WPC). The effect of silane pretreatment of the wood flour on the thermal and the dynamic mechanical properties and thermal degradation properties of the composites were studied. Moreover, the effect of organosilane on the properties of composites was compared with the effect of maleated polypropylene (MAPP). DSC studies indicated that the wood flour acts as a PP-nucleating agent, increasing the PP crystallization rate. In general, pretreatment with small amounts of silane improved this behavior in all the WPCs studied. Thermal degradation studies of the WPCs indicated that the presence of wood flour delayed degradation of the PP. Silane pretreatment of the wood flour augmented this effect, though without significantly affecting cellulose degradation. Studies of dynamic mechanical properties revealed that the wood flour (at up to 30 wt %) increased storage modulus values with respect to those of pure PP; in WPCs with a higher wood flour amount, there was no additional increase in storage modulus. Pretreatment of the wood flour with silane basically had no effect on the dynamic mechanical properties of the WPC. These results show that with small amounts of vinyltrimethoxy silane similar properties to the MAPP are reached. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008