用Verilog HDL进行FPGA设计的一些基本方法

随着FPGA技术和自动设计工具的进步．数字电子系统设计的方法正在发生变化。越来越多的工程师开始使用硬件描述语言和高级综合工具进行设计、Verilog HDL作为一种流行的硬件描述语言．在数字系统设计特别是FPGA设计中有着广泛的应用。本文主要介绍了用Verilog HDL进行FPGA设计和优化的一些实用方法．最后还介绍了IP核复用技术在FPGA设计中的应用。     

开发FPGA应用的新设计环境

将软件设计方法引入到硬件设计中，来开发FPGA应用是一种新的设计思想。软件DKl是无需使用硬件描述语言HDL设计，由高级语言Handle-C直接设计实现FPGA应用的开发环境。     

椭圆曲线加密卡设计与实现

在基于公钥密码体制电子商务中,加密卡是网络认证和通讯加密的硬件设备。文章提出一种利用椭圆曲线密码体制(ECC)加密卡硬件方案。该论文首先给出加密卡安全应用开发与设计体系结构。然后讨论了ECC的数学基础,设计了基本密码算法模型,给出ECC加密卡的各种应用。最后,讨论了加密卡设计中的几个安全问题。     

基于FPGA的图像预处理单元的硬件实现

为了实现图像的实时处理,常采用现场可编程门阵列FPGA对采集到的图像数据进行预处理。以对Micron MT9V112传感器的Bayer图像数据处理为例,首先就Bayer数据坏点修正、Bayer转RGB888及RGB888降噪进行了介绍,然后应用Verilog HDL语言设计出相应的硬件模块,最后结合MATLAB对硬件模块处理后的数据做了相应的测试。仿真结果表明,硬件模块对640x480数据的处理满足系统实时性要求。     

基于层次化事件队列的赋值操作应用

随着ASIC、SoC和FPGA在工业生产和科研工作中的广泛应用, 作为硬件描述语言的Verilog HDL已成为实现集成电路设计的重要方式, 而设计师对其中赋值操作的错误使用, 也导致了部分设计的不正确。因此, 对于Verilog HDL中赋值操作的深入了解也成为解决设计中隐藏问题的瓶颈。基于层次化事件队列, 对设计中经常遇到的赋值操作问题进行了深入剖析, 并结合工作实际给出了避免设计中竞争问题出现的方法。     

SHA-1算法的HDL设计与仿真

随着宽带网络和数字视频的飞速发展,如何加强对数据内容的保护成为迫切需要解决的问题.HDCP是一种目前最有效的版权保护协议.它正是采用了SHA-1算法来验证信息传输的完整性.基于HDL语言的硬件设计方法,可以方便地设计硬件电路,建立SHA-1的算法模型,包括码流填充过程和压缩计算过程.用Veriiog HDL描述的电路,其综合结果可通过仿真验证.采用电路结构设计的SHA-1功能模块,简洁高效,可方便地在可编程逻辑器件中实现,并且已在多个嵌入式系统的设计中得到了应用和验证.     

美军全舰计算环境基础设施标准化设计方法探析磁

论文从硬件设备、软件服务、数据资源和任务调度等几个方面对美国海军在开发构建全舰计算环境基础设施过程中标准化的设计方法进行深入分析。通过采用标准化的计算、显示、存储等硬件资源并进行整合，提升硬件资源的利用效率和共用水平；开发各个层次的公共应用功能软件并形成标准化的服务，将软件和硬件解耦，达到应用与数据分离，使得基于TSCEI的信息化装备的构建更加快速灵活，开放性更好，可扩展性及升级能力大为增强。标准化在 TSCEI的推行和实施中起着至关重要的作用。标准化设计方法对构建我军新型信息基础设施具有较重要的借鉴作用。     

OpenEmulator:一种面向TSN芯片验证的联合仿真平台

硬件仿真器是加快时间敏感网络TSN芯片验证的重要手段。由于TSN芯片复杂性远低于SoC芯片，基于CPU的硬件仿真器可满足TSN芯片验证的需求。为满足TSN芯片设计需求，设计实现了一个面向TSN芯片验证的硬件仿真器OpenEmulator。针对TSN系统仿真的特点，提出了一种应用于OpenEmulator的时间同步互锁机制，实现了运行芯片HDL设计代码的硬件仿真域与运行真实TSN软件的物理域之间的精确时间同步。OpenEmulator已经在OpenTSN芯片设计中得到应用，基于普通PC机，可在20 min内仿真包含6个节点的TSN网络初始化和首次时间同步功能，大大提升了TSN芯片仿真验证的效率。目前OpenEmulator已经开源并集成到最新发布的OpenTSN开源项目3.4版本中。     

Xilinx PCI-Express核总线接口设计与实现

介绍了基于PCI-Express总线的DMA硬件设计,并运用硬件描述语言Verilog HDL对其实现。使用Xilinx公司Virtex-5系列FPGA对该设计进行了验证。结果表明,该设计能满足实际应用对可读性、可靠性及高效性的要求。     

基于TMS320VC5402的DSP基本系统的设计

本文以美国Texas Instruments(TI)公司C5000^TM系列DSP中TMS320VC5402为例，介绍用Flash Rom和SRAM构建DSP基本应用系统的硬件设计方法，以及DSP硬件设计中应注意的几个问题。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.