基于博弈资源分配的认知异构网络干扰协调算法

基于underlay频谱共享模式的认知异构网络可有效缓解频谱资源短缺问题,但同时会加剧网络中的干扰。针对该问题,提出了一种基于非合作博弈模型的动态频谱分配和功率控制算法进行干扰协调。首先,考虑频谱共享造成的干扰问题,引入认知用户优先等级,将问题构建为联合动态频谱分配与功率控制的频谱定价博弈模型;其次,通过两阶段动态博弈得到纳什均衡解,实现认知网络层频谱资源合理分配和发射功率控制。仿真表明,所提算法能够实现不同优先级用户频谱资源的合理分配和认知基站发射功率控制,有效抑制认知异构网络的跨层干扰和层内干扰。     

认知无线电中联合功率控制的动态频谱分配算法*

针对认知无线电网络动态频谱分配算法开展研究,基于最大独立集理论,提出一种改进的联合功率控制的动态频谱分配算法,通过联合功率控制机制,避免用户之间的相互干扰和对已分配信道链路的干扰,满足多用户应用需求,并减少节点能耗。该算法以最大独立集为分配起点,允许一次同时分配信道给多个互不干扰的链路,同时兼顾资源分配的公平性,能够有效减少分配的总次数和用户间的信息交互量。仿真结果显示改进的动态频谱分配算法在需求满足率和公平性上都优于原有算法。     

一种公平的认知无线电系统下行频谱分配策略

目前关于认知无线电频谱分配的研究大多以最大化系统容量为目标,很少考虑认知用户的QoS需求,频谱分配方案设计缺乏公平性。针对主用户干扰限制和保障认知用户QoS需求,结合OFDM技术,研究了认知无线电场景中下行多用户分配算法。该算法构建不等式约束下的目标函数以最大化系统容量,通过拉格朗日(Lagrange)对偶优化法给出近似最优解。仿真结果表明,所提算法在牺牲系统和容量的前提下充分保证了次用户的QoS需求,提高了系统的公平性。     

认知无线电中基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络的频谱分配算法

本文研究认知无线电中的频谱分配问题,分析了脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)模型的脉冲传递和数据耦合特性在频谱分配中的作用,研究了授权用户可占用时间对认知无线电通信系统的影响,改进了PCNN模型,提出了一种基于PCNN的频谱算法,在避免频谱干扰的前提下缩短了频谱跨度,减少了频率的使用个数;将授权用户的可占用时间作为分配频谱的依据之一,在保证授权用户通信的基础上提高了系统中非授权用户的吞吐量。最后通过实验证明了算法的有效性。     

基于拍卖理论和高斯过程回归学习的频谱分配算法

针对认知无线网络中认知用户的频谱分配问题,提出了一种基于拍卖理论和高斯过程回归学习的频谱分配算法。该算法基于VCG拍卖模型,考虑认知用户对通信质量的要求,构造出更有效的收益函数。在频谱拍卖过程中,认知用户通过学习拍卖历史数据预测其他认知用户的竞价,并最优化其竞价策略。频谱拍卖人根据各认知用户提交的竞价来分配频谱资源。理论分析和仿真结果证明了该算法是有效的,并且能够提高频谱利用率和认知用户的收益。     

基于用户需求的图着色论频谱分配算法

对最新的图着色论频谱分配算法进行了分析,针对认知用户需求未得到满足的缺点,提出用户满意度,根据它来设置频谱分配优先级函数,对需求满足情况较差的用户优先进行分配,得到一种基于用户需求的图着色论频谱分配算法。仿真结果表明,提出的算法能增加系统信道效益,更好地满足多个用户的信道需求,提高了频谱利用率。     

宏-飞蜂窝双层网络中基于毫微微基站分组的资源分配

针对宏-飞蜂窝双层网络模型中宏小区（Macrocell）用户层和毫微微小区（Femtocell）用户层之间的跨层干扰和Femtocell之间的同层干扰,提出了一种基于毫微微基站分组的资源分配算法。该算法包括两个部分：一部分是宏基站先利用改进的差额法,设置虚拟的宏用户（MUE）,将之变为平衡的指派问题再为宏小区用户分配信道,然后用注水算法分配功率,保证宏小区用户的正常传输。另一部分是在保证宏小区用户的服务质量基础上,采用一种增强型的蚁群优化（EACO）算法,设定信息素浓度范围后对毫微微小区进行分组,避免了原始的蚁群算法有可能陷入局部最优的现象;再利用一种启发式算法和分布式功率分配算法分别对毫微微用户（FUE）进行信道和功率分配,在满足毫微微小区用户的数据速率需求下,最大化频谱效率。仿真结果表明,EACO有效地抑制了跨层干扰和同层干扰,既能保证用户的数据速率需求,又能有效提升网络频谱效率。     

混合式动态频谱接入协议的研究

为了避免认知用户对主要用户的干扰,实现了频谱移动性的要求,提出了一种Ad Hoc认知无线电网络下的动态频谱接入协议.先使用分布式频谱侦测技术,建立基于AdHoc认知无线电的网络模型.认知用户利用马尔科夫模型预测可用频段,从而在每个时隙选择预测的可用频段进行侦测,降低设备技术要求,并节约能量.最后,给出了相应的认知无线电频谱接入方案和频谱分配算法,为每一条空闲频段选择合适的通信组,实现系统频谱利用的最大化.     

基于干扰温度限制的认知正交频分复用系统功率分配算法

在认知正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中,为避免对主用户（PU）的干扰,需要对认知用户（CU）基站的发射功率进行控制和分配。针对认知用户基站无法合理分配其发射功率及无法有效提高数据传输速率等问题,在传统注水功率分配算法的基础上,提出了一种双因子二分搜索最优化功率分配算法。该算法充分考虑认知用户信道上干扰温度的限制,首先,在满足总功率限制的条件下引入剩余函数;然后,利用剩余函数的单调性,通过双层二分搜索迭代方法求得拉格朗日因子的准确值;最后,通过拉格朗日因子的值求出各子信道上所分配的功率值。仿真结果表明,所提算法能有效利用主用户频带间的频谱空穴,在总功率限制和干扰温度（IT）限制下,最大化认知用户的数据传输率,其值逼近传统注水算法。同时该算法所得到的数据传输速率比总功率平均控制算法和干扰温度平均控制算法有明显的提高,在相同仿真环境下其传输总速率超出约4×105b/s。在迭代过程中所提算法处理时间较少,并体现出良好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于蜂窝网络的D2D通信资源分配算法

设备直连（Device-to-device,D2D）通信用户通过复用蜂窝用户的频谱资源可提高频谱利用率和系统的整体通信容量,但复用蜂窝网络频谱资源会带来严重的干扰,影响整体通信质量。针对干扰问题,本文通过建立通信系统模型,研究系统的线性规划问题以及相应的最佳资源分配算法。考虑到最佳算法复杂度较高,本文提出一种启发式算法来分配通信资源,通过遍历D2D对用户与蜂窝用户之间的干扰矩阵找到最小干扰值,分配复用资源给相应的蜂窝用户和D2D对用户。在蜂窝用户都分配到通信资源之后,对D2D对用户进行专用通信资源分配。仿真结果表明,该算法在降低算法复杂度的基础上显著地减小了D2D对用户对蜂窝用户的干扰,能够最大程度地增加D2D对用户的数量。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.