海洋防污涂料技术的研究现状及展望

叙述了海洋防污涂料类型与研究现状,介绍了新型环保的低表面能防污涂层技术在海洋方面的应用,介绍了异噻啉酮衍生物（MOP-OCI）对藻类生长的抑制作用,以此化合物为防污剂制备的海洋防污涂料,5个月的实海挂板几乎没有附着海洋污损生物。重点介绍了有机硅涂料、有机氟涂层以及绿色防污涂料的国内外研究进展和应用现状,并介绍了几种防污涂料的防污机理与加速评价方法,展望了海洋防污涂料发展趋势。     

新型海洋防污涂料的发展趋势

综述了海洋防污涂料的防污原理、防污方法及防污性能测试方法，介绍了防污剂、防污涂料的研究现状，并指出海洋防污涂料的应用前景及今后研究的重点。     

天然生物防污涂料技术及应用

多种天然生物都具有良好的防污功能,将这些天然生物的防污活性物质应用于防污涂料中．为无毒防污涂料的研究提供了新的发展方向。通过介绍海洋／陆生植物、海洋动物、海洋微生物类等天然生物防污涂料技术的作用机理,对今后生物防污技术的研究,应用及发展趋势进行了展望。     

防污涂料及其防污性能的评价方法

详细概括了海洋防污涂料的种类和发展情况。简单介绍了几种典型防污涂料的防污机理。为缩短防污涂料的评价周期,列出了3种主要防污涂料的常用加速评价方法,并展望了海洋防污涂料技术的发展前景。     

新型防污涂料的发展趋势

文章概述了海洋防污涂料的发展情况。有机锡自抛光防污涂料被禁止使用之后,自抛光防污涂料得到了广泛应用。介绍了新型环保防污涂料的发展现状及其作用机制,同时分析了其面临的问题,以及海洋防污涂料未来发展的趋势。     

仿生防污涂料的发展概况

介绍了无污染新型海洋防污涂料———仿生防污涂料;概述了它两方面技术的发展情况:①采用新型高分子材料,赋予涂层特殊的表面结构和特性。②提取天然物质作为防污剂。展望了这类涂料的应用前景。     

海洋防污涂料的发展

总结了海洋防污涂料的发展过程,重点介绍了目前所使用的防污涂料的优劣及今后防污涂料的发展趋势。     

海洋船舶无毒、低毒防污涂料的研究进展

介绍了现代海洋船舶防污涂料的研究和应用情况,分别阐述了电化学防污涂料、化学活性物质释放型防污涂料和非化学活性物质释放型防污涂料的原理及其应用进展,并着重介绍了无毒低毒防污剂及防污涂料,指出长效、无毒的防污涂料将是未来涂料的发展方向。     

船舶防污涂料的研究现状及进展

随着对海洋环境的日益重视和环保意识的逐渐增强,传统的防污涂料将逐步被新型高效无毒防污涂料替代.文章综述了各类低毒防污剂、防污涂料的研究现状,介绍了防污技术的最新研究进展,并指出新型防污涂料的发展趋势.     

新型海洋防污涂料用防污剂及树脂的研究进展

防污剂和树脂是决定海洋防污涂料性能的关键成分。本文综述了近年来用于新型海洋防污涂料的天然产物防污剂和人工合成防污剂的研究进展;进一步从防污机理出发,总结了用于新型海洋防污涂料的基体树脂的种类,介绍了无锡自抛光树脂、生物可降解树脂、含杀菌官能团树脂、低表面能树脂和具有微相分离结构的树脂。此外,还展望了新型海洋防污涂料的未来发展方向,即环境友好的同时注重方式友好。     

防污涂料:环境与立法

主要阐述了船舶防污涂料对环境的影响以及世界各国对防污涂料的立法现状,并对防污涂料法规的预测和趋势作了部分描述。     

Marine paints: The particular case of antifouling paints

The authors present a general overview of marine paints, paying particular attention to the case of antifouling paints. After locating these paints in the anticorrosive protection systems used on the underwater parts of ships and/or other moving structures, a summary is made of the main types of antifouling products used through history up to the present time. This is complemented by a systematic assessment of the main types of living organisms that fix themselves to the underwater parts of ships. Consideration is also briefly made of the main basic mechanisms by which the different types of antifouling paints work. Finally a number of current research lines on antifouling technologies are mentioned.     

Antifouling activity of marine paints: Study of erosion

It is generally agreed that the prevention of marine fouling can be achieved by coatings from which a controlled release of toxic molecules prevents the growth of adhered organisms (bacteria, algae, molluscs). Since the end of 1990s, antifouling paints have been made by the blending of polyacrylic resins with biocides. The aim of this study was to use new polymers in order to obtain biodegradable antifouling paints with controlled release of biocide.     

Development of polyorganosilazane–silicone marine coatings

The objective of the present work is the development and characterization of marine coatings based on polyorganosilazanes (PSZ). Two types of coatings containing silicone oils and biocidal compounds were investigated as anticorrosive and antifouling coatings. The flexibility, hydrophobicity and adhesion properties of the PSZ-based coatings on aluminum substrates were studied. Static immersions in natural seawater were investigated to evaluate the antifouling performances of these coatings. The corrosion properties were studied by salt spray tests. Results demonstrated that coatings based on silicone oils appeared to be the most efficient coatings in terms of antifouling and anticorrosive properties. Ten-month antifouling efficiency was revealed for biocide-free polydimethylsiloxane-based PSZ coatings in natural seawater static immersion. The adjunction of dicopper oxide as biocidal pigments was shown to decrease the stability in cans of the corresponding paints and therefore decreasing the flexibility of coatings. In addition, this pigment affected badly the anticorrosive properties of the coatings together with a short antifouling efficiency time. Thus, the silicone oil-based PSZ displayed remarkable advantages in addition to their dual antifouling and anticorrosive properties which are the absence of biocidal compounds released in marine environment and the absence of volatile solvent.     

Techniques for the measurement of natural product incorporation into an antifouling coating

The control of biofouling can be achieved by a variety of methods but for an open system, such as a ship's hull, a protective paint coating is the most adopted method. The incorporation of a natural product extract directly into a coating has received little previous attention. This study has investigated a combination of the antifouling compound (a natural product extract) and the delivery system (control depletion polymer) investigated together. It was necessary to investigate the natural product incorporation into a coating and finally assess the antifouling system including the primer layers in the natural marine environment. Natural products must first be practical as antifoulants to be developed further into a functional system by their incorporation into surfaces or coatings. To demonstrate this, the natural product under investigation was homogenised into a blank proprietary antifouling paint system binder, applied to primed and un-primed ship grade steel and immersed in marine environments. Electrochemical techniques were used to investigate the effects of natural product incorporation into a coating. In addition, optical and scanning electron microscopes were used to assess the physical characteristics of the coating system. The most rigorous test for an antifouling system is a field trial. Field trials were completed at a raft exposure facility, in estuarine dock conditions at the Empress dock, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK.     

新型海洋防污剂的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了海洋生物污损的危害、海洋防污剂的发展历程及未来发展趋势,同时还介绍了目前效果较好的三种主流海洋防污剂,并对其作了展望,为新型海洋防污剂的研究提供借鉴。     

Evaluation of anti-microfouling activity of marine paints by microscopical techniques

The use of two microscopical techniques, SEM and CLSM, was investigated to facilitate the observation of adhered microfouling on antifouling paints. Bacterial and diatom colonisation was quantified on antifouling paints and compared with the standard test, ASTM D 3623. The results indicate that there is a likely correlation between the microscopic study and the antifouling activity. The study revealed the interest of CLSM for the evaluation of antifouling paints and reports on the efficacy of CLSM to study the initial microfouling layer. This method can yield important data relating to biofilm morphology, particularly film thickness and biomass measurements. This non-invasive technique enabled us to obtain qualitative and quantitative data about the biofilm formation during the first weeks of immersion in seawater.     

几种天然产物在海洋防污涂料中的应用研究

将天然产物齐墩果酸、蛇床子素和鱼藤酮作为防污剂,分别制备海洋防污涂料,在厦门海域检验其海区防污效能,并与已报道在厦门海域具防污效能的天然产物喜树碱进行比较,发现蛇床子素和鱼藤酮在海区挂板2个月内显示出一定的防污效能,齐墩果酸没有呈现出防污效能,而喜树碱的海区防污效能明显优于上述3种天然产物。另外,将喜树碱与鱼藤酮进行1∶1复配,并将这2种天然产物与氧化亚铜、N-(2,4,6-三氯苯基)马来酰亚胺(TCPM)和吡啶硫铜锌(ZPT)这3种防污(助)剂分别进行1∶1复配,共获得7种复配防污剂,制备相应的海洋防污涂料以检测其防污效能,发现喜树碱-TCPM、喜树碱-ZPT以及喜树碱-鱼藤酮这3种复配防污剂具良好的防污效能。进一步在上述涂料中选取了防污效能最优的含喜树碱涂料,在福建东山海域和海南陵水海域分别进行了海区挂板试验,结果表明含喜树碱涂料在这2个海域均显示出稳定、优异的防污效能,且期效可达13个月以上。文中研究为推进天然防污产物在海洋防污涂料中的应用进程提供了重要资料。     

High-build antifouling paints based on rosin and chlorinated rubber

The fundamental objective of this work was to formulate antifouling paints giving a high thickness film with a reduced number of coats and having suitable physico-chemical properties and biocidal characteristics for the protection of ships' hulls. Formulation variables studied were WW rosin (gum rosin)/chlorinated rubber (grade 10) ratio, which defines the binder dissolution rate, and the rheological agent content (castor oil), which influences the paints' thixotropic behaviour. Red cuprous oxide, zinc oxide and natural calcium carbonate were used as pigments. Tests were made in the laboratory for evaluating abrasion resistance, adhesion and elongation. Binder dissolution rate of the different paints in artificial sea water and also some rheological parameters of the samples were determined. Service tests were performed on ships' hulls (a destroyer, two light destroyers and an aircraft carrier), showing some paints retaining good antifouling characteristics after 25 months' immersion.