昆虫油脂及其功能性成分开发利用研究

昆虫是一个庞大的动物群体，昆虫油脂及其它脂质（脂肪酸、磷脂、脂溶维生素和蜡等）是 一类具有许多生理活性和功能的油脂类物质，这类物质无论在量上还是在质上都有较高 的研究和开发利用价值，昆虫功能性油脂的开发是油脂领域中的一个新亮点，具有十分广 阔的前景。     

昆虫功能性油脂的研究

昆虫油脂及其他脂质是一类具有很多生理活性功能的油脂类物质，具有较高的研究及开发利用价值。本文讨论了昆虫脂质的开发现状与意义，综述了昆虫油脂的研究进展。     

功能性油脂的研究进展

功能性油脂是具有特殊生理功能的油脂，主要是指一些多不饱和脂肪酸类、磷脂、结构脂质等，本主要介绍了各种功能性油脂的生理作用，生物来源和合成方法以及在食品工业中的应用。     

昆虫功能性油脂的研究

昆虫油脂及其他脂质是一类具有很多生理活性功能的油脂类物质 ,具有较高的研究及开发利用价值。本文讨论了昆虫脂质的开发现状与意义 ,综述了昆虫油脂的研究进展。     

功能性油脂-结构脂质

结构脂质是天然脂质经过改性的产品,它所包含短碳链脂肪酸、中碳链脂肪酸、和长碳链 脂肪酸,特殊的脂肪酸组成和脂肪酸在甘油三酯中特定的位置决定了其具有特殊的生理 功能和营养价值。结构脂质可通过化学法和酶法进行生产。     

家禽油脂功能性研究进展

随着生活水平的提高,对禽肉的需求日益增加。在消费禽肉的同时,也产生了大量含禽类油脂的屠宰副产物。禽类油脂的不饱和脂肪酸高、胆固醇含量低、香味独特等特点,促使学者对其展开研究。通过综述国内外关于家禽油脂脂肪酸构成、功能性质的研究,为更好地利用家禽油脂提供参考。     

昆虫油脂的营养和开发研究

昆虫繁殖速度快,脂肪含量丰富,脂肪酸组成合理,是潜在的油脂资源.综述了昆虫油脂及脂肪酸的含量、特点,以及昆虫油脂的提取和不饱和脂肪酸的富集,并对昆虫油脂的研究前景进行了展望.     

功能性油脂的研究进展

概述了油脂对健康的重要作用及目前油脂与健康的研究动态,并综述了功能性油脂和功能性脂肪酸在保健食品方面的一些研究和应用.提示人们应重视油脂食用与健康问题的研究,在吃好的同时应注意吃出营养与健康.     

昆虫油脂及其营养评价

昆虫是一个庞大的动物群体，昆虫油脂是一类具有许多生理生物学活性和功能性的营养物质，这类物质无论在量上还是在质上都有很高的研究和开发利用价值。本文讨论了昆虫油脂的资源、油脂特性、脂肪酸组成，并对昆虫油脂的营养价值进行了分析和评价。     

油脂中功能性成分的研究进展

油脂中功能性成分是指油脂中具有特殊生理功能并具有一定保健、药用价值的成分。阐述油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸、磷脂以及甾醇等功能性成分尤其是功能性不饱和脂肪酸的生理特性及其应用、研究进展。     

微生物功能性油脂研究概况

该文综述微生物发酵法生产功能性油脂的菌种、影响油脂形成的因素及微生物功能性油脂的制取;浅析存 在的问题并展望其应用前景。     

植物油中脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析

建立几种常见植物油中脂肪酸组成的GC-MS分析方法。并对甲酯化条件进行了优化,甲酯化后待测液经离心过膜后,进入气相色谱-质谱进行测试。通过对谱图进行分析,得到各植物油中主要脂肪酸组成及含量。结果表明,所选几种植物油以16碳脂肪酸和18碳脂肪酸为主,不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,均超过总脂肪酸的70%,平行实验的最大允许偏差均小于10%,各脂肪酸含量均符合国家标准中对食用植物油脂肪酸组成的规定。     

煎炸油在煎炸过程中脂肪酸组成的变化

以大豆油、棉籽油、棕榈液油和氢化油作为煎炸油,分别进行薯条和鸡翅的煎炸实验。结果表明：在煎炸过程中,各种煎炸油的脂肪酸含量均会发生一定的变化。采用C18:2/C16:0比值变化作为研究煎炸油脂肪劣变的指标,氢化油煎炸过程中C18:2/C16:0比值减少的程度最小(P＜0.05),证明其煎炸过程中脂肪酸的稳定性最好。但对于反式脂肪酸含量变化来说,均没有显著增加(P＞0.05),其中氢化油的反式脂肪酸含量从煎炸前的10.39%降低到煎炸后的6.66%,变化显著(P＜0.05),不过高反式脂肪酸含量的煎炸油在煎炸后其反式脂肪酸含量还保持在较高水平。     

鱿鱼肝脏中鱼精油的制备技术及其脂肪酸成分分析

通过对鱿鱼肝脏中鱼油的研究,为鱿鱼及其下脚料的高效利用奠定了理论基础。采用高压蒸煮法和气相色谱/质谱法等技术对鱼油及其脂肪酸成分进行研究。实验得出:加入鱿鱼肝脏1.5倍体积的水,鱼油提取率最高。鱼油精制的条件为:添加体积分数80%磷酸脱胶;采用氢氧化钠脱酸,添加量为粗鱼油的实际酸价来确定;添加量为20%的活性炭脱色;旋转蒸发仪真空处理30min脱腥。经过上述条件处理后的鱼油,色泽为浅黄色、澄清,具有清淡的鱼香味,各项指标均达到了SC/T3502-2000鱼油的一级标准,其中主要物质EPA(16.9%)和DHA(21.2%)。     

超临界CO2萃取技术在油脂工业中的应用

综述了超临界萃取技术在油脂工业的应用现状，其中对油脂、脂肪酸、生育酚、胡萝卜素、磷脂、甾醇等萃取现状进行了分析，并对超临界技术的发展方向及其在油脂工业的应用前景进行了介绍。     

Fatty Acid Composition and Oxidative Stability of Cold-pressed Edible Seed Oils

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to determine the fatty acid (FA) compositions and oxidative stabilities of cold-pressed cranberry, carrot, hemp, and caraway seed oils. The cold-pressed cranberry and hemp seed oils exhibited higher α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) contents with levels of 22 and 19 g/100 g fatty acids, respectively. Cold-pressed carrot seed oil contained about 82% oleic acid and had the lowest total saturated fatty acids among all tested oils. Cold-pressed caraway seed oil had the greatest oxidative stability with an OSI value of 150 hours. In addition, cold-pressed carrot seed oil had the lightest color while hemp seed oil was the darkest among all the oils tested.     

Lipid Modification Strategies in the Production of Nutritionally Functional Fats and Oils

Rapid improvements in the understanding of the nutritional requirements of both infants and adults has led to new developments in the modification of fats and oils. Specific targets include the improvement in growth and development of infants, treatment of disease in adults, and disease prevention. Efforts have been focussed on the production of structured lipids using medium-chain acids and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as well as the concentration of long-chain PUFAs from new and existing sources. Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are metabolized differently than long-chain fatty acids and have been used as a source of rapid energy for preterm infants and patients with fat malabsorption-related diseases. Long-chain PUFAs, specifically docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid, are important both in the growth and development of infants, while n-3 PUFAs have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in adults. Based on the requirements for individual fat components by different segments of the population, including infants, adults, and patients, ideal fats can be formulated to meet their needs. By using specific novel fat sources and lipid modification techniques, the concentrations of medium-chain, long-chain saturated, and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as cholesterol can be varied to meet the individual needs of each of these groups. While genetic modification of oilseeds and other novel sources of specific lipid components are still being developed, chemical and lipase-catalyzed interesterification reactions have moved to the forefront of lipid modification technology. Fractionation of fats and oils to provide fractions with different nutritional properties has potential, but little work has been performed on the nutritional applications of this method. The choice of suitable lipid modification technologies will depend on the target lipid structure, production costs, and consumer demand. A combination of some or all of the present lipid modification techniques may be required for this purpose.     

Evaluating and Predicting the Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oils with Different Fatty Acid Compositions

The aim of this research was to evaluate the oxidative stabilities and qualities of different vegetable oils (almond, blend 1‐8, camellia, corn, palm, peanut, rapeseed, sesame, soybean, sunflower, and zanthoxylum oil) based on peroxide value (PV), vitamin E content, free fatty acid, and fatty acid composition. The vegetable oils with different initial fatty acid compositions were studied under accelerated oxidation condition. It showed that PV and n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) changed significantly during 21 d accelerated oxidation storage. Based on the changes of PV and fatty acid composition during the oxidation process, mathematical models were hypothesized and the models were simulated by Matlab to generate the proposed equations. These equations were established on the basis of the different PUFA contents as 10% to 28%, 28% to 46%, and 46% to 64%, respectively. The simulated models were proven to be validated and valuable for assessing the degree of oxidation and predicting the shelf life of vegetable oils.     

Fatty Acid Composition of ‘Cerrado’ Seed Oils

The seeds of 28 species from ‘cerrado’, a typical savanna ecosystem of Brazil, were analysed for total lipid contents and fatty acid distribution. The seeds of 10 species presented contents above 150 g kg⁻¹, the highest yield reaching 335 g kg⁻¹. Distribution of fatty acids based on polyunsaturated compounds seems to be rare in seed oils from ‘cerrado’: only three seed oils were found to be based on linoleic acid and none on linolenic acid. Eight seed oils, four of them Fabales, presented palmitic acid as a dominant constituent. Half of the species presented oleic acid based seed oils. Two species stand out for unusual fatty acid distribution: Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae) with 171 g kg⁻¹ of seed oil presenting 723 g kg⁻¹ of lauric acid and Serjania erecta (Sapindaceae) with 256 g kg⁻¹ of seed oil presenting 623 g kg⁻¹ of eicosenoic acid.