浅谈工厂加工车间的管理

通过对机械加工车间工时管理作业流程和信息管理模式的分析，提出了一种适合于普通机械加工车间的工时管理系统模型，分析了工时打印、工时查询、工时统计分析的流程和方法，讨论了车间工时管理信息系统开发方法，所设计的系统实现了工票和工时的高效管理以及各个业务部门之间的信息共享。     

准时生产环境下工厂物流能力需求分析

通过对某汽车主机厂的工厂物流系统进行实地考察,运用流程作业分析方法,剖析了准时生产环境下工厂物流作业组织和流程。根据物流各环节工时消耗规律,基于生产计划、零部件需求、零部件包装体积和作业参数及工序建立了面向混流汽车生产线的物流能力需求与平衡的数学模型,为合理地测算物流系统工时及设备需求,量化物流劳动强度,平衡系统内各部分物流能力,提供了较为科学的方法。算例表明,建立的数学模型是正确并有效的,可为实际应用提供指导。     

X公司工时与作业方法研究

基于流水线不平衡的现状,运用流程作业分析方法对工时定额和作业方法进行了分析,通过测时、工序同期化等工作来调整流水线负荷,规范作业线形图,给出了具体的基于工时定额的装配线作业指导书.通过这些工作,为企业提高生产能力,组织工时定额合理的装配线,提高工作效率提供了途径.     

某电器公司装配流水线平衡研究

在分析装配线规划内容的基础之上，运用流程作业分析方法对工时定额进行了分析，通过测时、工序同期化等工作来调整流水线负荷，给出了具体的基于工时定额的装配线作业指导书。通过以上工作，保证流水线平衡，为企业制定工时定额合理的装配线、提高自主规划生产的能力提供途径。     

生产线平衡方法在水泵转子装配线改善中的应用研究

以工业工程的作业测定和方法研究为基础,用生产线平衡技术对排污泵转子装配生产线进行改善.通过制作工作流程动作时间观测表和山积图,确定改善方向;综合运用作业ECRS原则、动作分析和作业分析构建改善方案;对作业工位进行合并重组,采用U型布局的生产线,实现减少操作人员数量及提高生产线空间利用率的目的.     

基于基元操作分解的装配作业工时计算

为解决装配线基础工时数据缺乏以及工时制定复杂的问题,提出了基于基元操作分解的装配作业工时计算研究.根据装配线加工特性提出了符合装配生产实际的工时定额计算模型,针对其主要分量人工作业时间难以快速、准确地确定的问题,提出了基于基元操作分解的方法,给出了基元操作的概念和基元操作分解的原则,定义和分析了汽车部件装配线中常用的基元操作.对一组装配作业进行了分析,通过与原有定额的对比验证了方法的有效性.该方法简化了装配作业工时定额制定过程,为快速、准确制定基础工时定额提供了良好的理论模型.     

液晶显示器外壳生产线平衡分析与改善

液晶显示器外壳生产线平衡分析与改善 针对苏州一个公司的液晶显示器外壳生产线平衡率不高的问题,通过程序分析,综合运用5W1H提问技术、ECRS原则等方法和工具,对其液晶显示器外壳生产线流程进行重新设计。结果表明,改善方案在等待时间、搬运时间和距离等方面有明显的改进。针对原流程中的瓶颈作业,通过运用Flexsim仿真软件进行分析,对比改进前和改进后各工位的作业时间、空闲时间及阻塞率等,讨论新方案的实施效果。最后对整个生产线改进效果进行预测,并对该公司液晶显示器外壳生产线改进提出实施建议。     

模具生产中调试工时的制定与控制

针对由于汽车模具调试工时难以确定所导致的制造成本和生产周期与生产实际相差较大的问题,提出了基于工时管理系统的汽车模具调试工时估计方法.在该方法中,以企业实际生产的工时信息为基础数据,利用统计区间估计算法,对采集到的模具产品工时数据进行统计整理和计算,建立了整个调试过程的工时标准,并依据这一工时标准,提出了以工时控制图为工具的工时管理方法.     

基于位置加权法的包装流水线平衡

目的研究某企业电动铅笔刨包装生产线工序优化与生产线平衡。方法应用工业工程分析方法,对企业的原生产线及流程进行改造,根据电动铅笔刨包装生产线的生产工艺特点,运用生产流水线平衡的位置加权法合理调整生产工序,同时对作业内容、作业人员和设备及设施布置进行重新分配和调整。结果与原生产线方案相比较,平衡后电动铅笔刨包装生产线流水线平衡率提高了31%,流水线作业人员减少4人,提高了订单交付水平,生产线布局保证了生产过程的流畅性,满足了计划产量生产要求。结论采用位置加权法,结合工序优化、分解与合并,可以获得较好的生产流水线平衡效果。     

制造流程规划中多层次仿真分析模型

根据制造型企业的特点,将工业工程理论、最优生产技术和计算机仿真技术结合,应用到生产系统制造流程规划中,提出了多层次仿真分析模型.分别运用虚拟生产线物流系统规划方法、Flexsim2.6仿真软件和标准作业组合票,从三个层次对典型汽齿行业制造流程进行仿真分析.确定了最佳搬运批量及频率,并根据仿真结果,识别了3个瓶颈工序;结合精益生产,提出生产线制造流程改善方案,使得工作单元减少了2个,生产线节拍缩短了2秒,产量提高了10%.     

人工智能方法用于熔喷过程在线检测的研究

熔喷生产最终产品质量的控制，对于过程优化具有重要的意义。产品质量的在线检测是过程监测与质量控制必不可少的。本文首次在熔喷系统中引入人工智能的研究方法，对熔喷非织造布的厚度与纤维直径进行在线预测。实测数据与人工神经网络的预测结果吻合较好，从而证实了人工神经网络用于模拟熔喷过程的可行性。网络的输入包括：挤出机温度、喷头温度、熔融体挤出速率、空气流率及接收距离。神经元计算的输出是纤维直径与熔喷非织布的厚度。文中进一步提出了将神经网络与专家系统相结合的研究路线，以实现熔喷过程的优化控制。     

Manufacturing lines under surplus-based control: multiple products and bounded buffers

Challenged by the scheduling complexity for production flow processes in industrial facilities, we study the performance of multi-product producing lines. We analyse the performance of multi-product lines that consist a number of machines and bounded buffers with preselected base stock levels. It is assumed that each manufacturing machine in the line is capable of working with several product types, but only operate on one product at a time. The network is operated under a surplus-based production control policy in the presence of perturbations and production demand fluctuations. We derive bounds on the demand tracking accuracy for each product type, regardless its flow direction in the multi-product line. In addition, for a multi-product line with unidirectional product flow, we obtain a quantitative relation between demand tracking accuracy, its inventory levels, numbers of product types, buffer capacity limits and perturbations. The accuracy of the obtained demand tracking bounds is illustrated by numerical simulations. By means of simulation experiments, we show that the obtained results have a valuable meaning and can be used as a reference tool in practice.     

CONWIP implementation in a system with cross-trained teams

Although a significant amount of research exists on the implementation of the CONstant Work In Process (CONWIP) production control strategy in different types of manufacturing environments, the challenge posed by the complex flow of multiple products through the case manufacturing system of this work necessitates defining a unique type of item release rule to operate with the CONWIP control. The case system is a chair cover production line, which has sets of cross-trained teams that can process its different product models with different levels of efficiency. This work focusses on the CONWIP control strategy, but with the introduction of a new item release rule for prioritising items for release into the system. Results from simulation experiments show that operating CONWIP with an item release rule that is synchronised with the work rate of each of the system's cross-trained teams improves its performance. In comparison with a First in First out (FIFO) rule, this item release rule shortens the system throughput time. It also increases the chances of items being processed by the team most suitable for them, thereby minimising the quality and efficiency issues that might occur in systems that consist of teams with varying levels of proficiency for processing the different product models. Irrespective of the item release rule that is applied, CONWIP achieves a better distribution of workload amongst the teams than a Push control achieves.     

One-piece flow manufacturing on U-shaped production lines: a tutorial

Now-a-days shorter product life cycles and increased demands for customization make it difficult to produce some products on traditional production lines. Often the best that can be done is to produce them in batch flow systems that have been improved through the incorporation of line flow principles. This is one-piece flow manufacturing. Traditional cells with irregular material flows are replaced by U-shaped production lines within which flow is regular and paced by a cycle time and between which flow is controlled by pull signals. This tutorial examines the research literature on one-piece flow manufacturing. It begins with the decisions rules that determine when one-piece flow is appropriate. Next the unique elements of one-piece flow (takt time, standard work, flow manufacturing on U-shaped lines, pull production, and jidoka) are reviewed. Then the mathematical models that are used to design one-piece flow systems are examined. Finally areas where more research is needed are discussed.     

基于心流理论的产品交互设计研究综述

目的 目前心流理论主要应用在教育教学及计算机等方面,在产品交互设计领域的研究还处于探索阶段,有必要分析心流理论的交互设计适用性,提出基于心流理论的产品交互设计方法。方法 通过文献研究法、归纳法,梳理心流理论的国内外研究进展,分析心流交互体验的实际验证方法,从产品角度提出心流理论在交互设计中的应用方式,对心流理论在产品交互设计中的启发性原理进行总结。结论 心流是一种积极情绪的体验,在适当情境下能够提升用户体验。通过建立清晰的用户目标、维系挑战与技能的提升、给予有效的操作反馈三个主要方面,对基于心流理论的产品交互设计方法进行拓展,丰富产品交互设计与心流理论相结合的理论空间,为产品交互设计方法研究提供参考。     

基于TRIZ的螺旋道钉自动包装生产线设计与应用

目的 针对螺旋道钉人工包装方式,采用TRIZ理论的创新思维与方法进行螺旋道钉自动包装生产线的设计,实现其全自动包装。方法 首先提出实际问题,然后运用TRIZ理论构建矛盾矩阵表,从而获得生产线设计时所遇问题的发明原理解,设计全自动的智慧包装生产线并进行安装,最后通过实际包装验证生产线包装效果。结果 通过设计的自动包装生产线将螺旋道钉进行实际包装验证,结果表明该生产线能够实现螺旋道钉的全自动包装,且包装效率高、包装质量优异。结论 该全自动包装生产线实现了PLC的集成统一控制,各包装工序工作协调,设备操作简单,提高了产品包装效率、降低了人工强度。     

基于人机环境系统的喷流式挖藕机改良设计

目的解决现阶段喷流式挖藕机使用感受不良的问题。方法以喷流式挖藕机功能模型为基础结合"人—机—环境"系统建立喷流式挖藕机系统功能模型,对系统中影响产品的人体尺寸、用户操作行为习惯、喷流式挖藕机的作业环境及物理环境深入分析,结合分析结果在"人—机—环境"系统中对喷流式挖藕机进行改良设计。结论用"人—机—环境"系统理论对喷流式挖藕机进行功能与造型的改良设计能够有效满足操作者的生理与心理需求;改良后的喷流式挖藕机操作简单、功能分布易识别,符合用户的操作习惯、降低错误和事故的发生率,能够提高产品的安全性及使用效率。这种改良设计模式,对其他农机化产品有着极大的借鉴作用。     

ON THE USE OF LP TO DESIGN MULTIDIMENSIONAL VIDEO FIR FILTERS

Filter design formulations simultaneously controlling both frequency and space-time behaviour are rather interesting for video applications. An FIR design tool addressing such formulations has been built using standard linear programming packages. The result has been quite satisfactory and the cost was very reasonable both in terms of man-time effort and required computing facilities. The construction of such a CAD tool and its performance are the subject of this paper.     

航电产品BIT研制流程设计与应用

如何合理地规划航电产品机内测试（built in test,BIT）的研制流程,是BIT设计尚需解决的重要问题．首先,分析了当前与BIT相关的研制流程,指出现有BIT设计流程存在的不足;其次,通过对BIT设计相关工作项目的梳理,确定了航电产品研制的方案阶段和初样/试样阶段的BIT设计工作项目;再次,结合航电产品研制工作流程,建立了融入产品整个研制周期的BIT设计工作流程．通过构建针对航电产品BIT研制的工作流程,提高了航电产品BIT设计工作的可操作性,BIT针对性强,节约了时间成本,降低了开发费用,并为航电产品BIT研制工作的流程化设计提供了参考范例．最后,以某综合控制管理系统的研制为案例,对该BIT研制流程进行了应用,验证了工作流程的有效性．     

Marketing/Manufacturing Trade-Offs in Product Line Management

A critical decision facing firms across industries is the selection of a mix of products to offer in the marketplace. Both in practice and in the academic literature, the product line design problem has typically been considered from a marketing perspective, with a focus on how alternative sets of products interact and compete in the marketplace. The operational implications of product line decisions have been largely ignored, even while the importance and complexity of interactions among products in the manufacturing environment increase with broadening product lines. Furthermore, consideration of manufacturing synergies among products in product line design is increasingly beneficial given efforts in many industries to improve co-ordination of manufacturing activities across products. In this work we examine the benefits of integrating marketing implications of product mix with more detailed manufacturing cost implications. Traditional product line models are extended to capture both individual product costs and relevant cost interactions among products. The relevant marketing and manufacturing elements are considered in a mathematical programming formulation that identifies a profit maximizing mix of products. The resulting normative model of the product line design problem is used to generate insights into important cross-functional issues in product line management. Specifically, we examine the impact of alternative manufacturing environment characteristics on the composition of the optimal product line.