T型微通道和一锅混合法制备纳米二氧化硅影响因素研究

利用T型微通道法和一锅混合微乳液法可控制备了纳米二氧化硅。研究了环己烷、正丁醇、表面活性剂(OP-10)、氨水和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量对T型微通道法和一锅混合法制备纳米二氧化硅的影响。同时对两种方法制备的纳米二氧化硅的粒径及比表面积进行了对比,分析和探讨了两种方法的优缺点。研究结果表明:上述因素均可调节纳米二氧化硅的粒径和比表面积,二氧化硅的粒径均随其用量的增加先减小后增大,比表面积则与其相反。另外,T型微通道法较一锅混合法通过控制进样速度使得调控更为精确,制备的纳米二氧化硅粒径更小、分布更窄,平均粒径为66～300 nm,比表面积为16～90 m2/g。     

球状二氧化硅粉体的补强特性

以溶胶—凝胶法(沉淀水合法)制得的比表面积为1～700m~2/g,粒径4～30μm的球状二氧化硅为研究对象,测定了球状二氧化硅的比表面积、粒径、视比重、吸油值及硅烷醇基数等物理性质,特别研究了对补强性具有重要意义的结合橡胶的形成条件。结果发现比表面积在400m~2/g以上、粒径20μm以下的球状二氧化硅吸油值大,在橡胶中分散成0.1～0.3μm的粒子并形成结合橡胶,适宜于作橡胶的补强性填料。此外,还发现低比表面积、低吸油值或粒径超过30μm的大粒径球状二氧化硅几乎不形成结合橡胶。     

新合成二氧化硅氮吸附比表面积不断变化原因探究

采用BET法氮吸附比表面积测定仪,透射电镜,CTAB法比表面积测定仪三种手段,表征一种实验室新合成二氧化硅在不同条件下随放置时间的延长各参数的变化情况,并据此进行原因的分析探究.BET法比表面积测试结果显示,刚合成的二氧化硅比表面积较大,因其中存在大量的超微孔,其对比表面积测试结果的贡献很大;随着不同条件下放置时间的延长,此类超微孔不断减少,比表面积最终达到一个相对稳定的值.透射电镜和CTAB法的测试结果证明,超微孔的存在与否,不影响二氧化硅粒径大小,此两种方法是表征此类二氧化硅粒径大小相对可靠的方法.     

二氧化硅改性二氧化钛光催化活性研究进展

二氧化钛是有代表性的一种n型半导体氧化物，其具有稳定性好、光催化效率高和不产生二次污染等特点，在很多方面有着广阔的应用前景。二氧化硅改性后的二氧化钛具有粒径小、比表面积大、吸附能力强、提高光催化效果等特点。介绍了二氧化硅改性二氧化钛的机理、制备方法以及其光催化效果。根据二氧化钛和二氧化硅的结合方式，分别从复合半导体、二氧化硅作负载、二氧化钛表面包覆二氧化硅等几方面进行总结。     

高功能硅凝胶

日本旭硝子与其子公司洞海化学工业联合开发了工业用液相色谱所需要的新功能二氧化硅凝胶,并有商品上市。商品名为“M·S·GEL”。粒子为直径2微米到500微米间的球形,纯度在99.9%以上。特点是粒径和纯度可以自由调整控制,表面多孔,比表面积高达800米~2/克。     

反相悬浮体系制备高纯多孔二氧化硅微球

本文以有机硅源聚硅酸乙酯(TEOS-40)为原料,经酸催化水解将油溶性TEOS-40水解为水溶性水解产物后通过反相悬浮体系制备得到高纯多孔微米级二氧化硅微球.考察了催化剂盐酸浓度,搅拌速度及成球过程氨水的加入等对微球粒径及孔结构的影响.结果表明,此方法所制备二氧化硅微球球形圆整,比表面积在23.8～637.2 m2/g范围内可调,平均孔径3.65～13.11 nm,为制备高纯微米级二氧化硅微球提供了一种新方法.     

微流控技术辅助制备多孔石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)块体及其性能研究

设计了适用于微流控系统的原位生成酸催化聚乙烯醇/戊二醛凝胶反应体系并用于g-C₃N₄多孔微球粒径与形貌的可控制备,以无机粘结剂和多孔微球为原料实现氚兼容的多孔g-C₃N₄块体的制备。考察了凝胶组成成分、煅烧模式对微球比表面积与机械强度的影响,以及无机黏合剂质量分数、微球粒径对g-C₃N₄块体比表面积与机械强度的影响。结果表明,微球粒径对块体材料性能有显著影响,在相同成型黏合剂质量分数下,微球粒径增加79.5%块体材料的比表面积提高205%,而机械强度仅降低了42%。4.5 K低温气体吸附实验结果表明,所制备的g-C₃N₄多孔块体吸附层对氢气和氦气的选择性系数可达13.02。     

前躯体形态对燃烧合成碳化硅纳米粉微观结构的影响

碳化硅纳米粉是基于燃烧的方法合成的,燃烧合成在还原SiO2-Mg-C系统中进行,具有不同形态和平均粒径尺寸的二氧化硅粉作为初始粉末。结果说明,甚至可以用微米级的二氧化硅来合成纳米级的碳化硅粉。然而,合成的SiC颗粒的比表面积随二氧化硅前躯体粒径的减小而增大。对燃烧波中碳化硅的形成机理也进行了讨论。     

不同交联处理对玉米多孔淀粉颗粒结构的影响

对玉米淀粉进行醚化交联、酯化交联及醚化、酯化复合交联处理,再酶解为多孔淀粉,考察了不同交联处理方法对多孔淀粉的颗粒形貌、结晶结构、粒度分布、比表面积的影响,与多孔淀粉相比,交联处理后玉米多孔淀粉颗粒仍呈蜂窝状中空结构且晶型保持A型结构,但结晶度分别下降2.22%,1.59%,4.02%;平均粒径分别增加12.34%,10.72%,16.17%,粒径分布的均一度提高;比表面积分别减小15.9%,3.22%,25.89%;平均孔径分别增大7.45%,4.47%,24.25%;比孔容分别增大21.92%,36.46%,67.68%。结果表明,经交联后多孔淀粉的颗粒结构发生了明显变化,为多孔淀粉的进一步开发应用提供了参考。     

阴极电泳涂料用改性超细二氧化硅的表征

对超重力沉淀法制备的超细二氧化硅以应用于阴极电泳涂料为目的，用硅烷偶联剂在水介质中进行表面改性，并对改性后的超细二氧化硅用TEM(透射电子显微镜)、粒径分析、比表面积测定、热重分析等方式进行表征。结果表明：改性后超细二氧化硅的一些特性和表面性质都发生了变化，可以用该方法对超细二氧化硅进行表面改性以满足阴极电泳涂料应用的特殊需要。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。