红景天苷的碘标记及其在小鼠体内的分布

通过131碘标记红景天苷以探索红景天苷在神经母细胞(SH-SY5Y)中的摄取及在小鼠体内的代谢分布.采用氯胺-T法对红景天苷进行131碘标记;以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、V三氯甲烷:V甲醇:V丙酮:V水=6:3:1:1的下层液为展开剂,测定标记率及标记物放化纯;分析神经母细胞SH-SY5Y及肿瘤细胞MCF-7对131I-红景天苷的摄取;KM小鼠尾静脉注射131I-红景天苷(1.85 MBq/只,n=5),于5、10、30、60、120、240 min分别取心、肝、肺、肾、脾、肌、骨、脑、肠、血,称重、计数,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID/g).结果表明,131I-红景天苷标记率达98%,其放化纯在1、4、20 d分别为98.5%、97.3%、97.1%;SH-SY5Y对131I-红景天苷基本无摄取,在0.5-4 h内摄取维持在0.035%左右,而MCF-7则为0.1%;131I-红景天苷在体内主要通过肝代谢、肾排泄,其中肝和肾5 min%ID/g组织分别为7.71%和11.32%,4 h则分别下降为0.36%和0.3%;血液中清除也较快,5 min时为6.41%,4 h为0.35%;在脑中虽分布较少,但清除较慢,5 min时为0.27%,4 h为0.11%;在心、肺、脾、肌、骨及肠中分布不多.结论是,碘标红景天苷标记率高,标记物稳定;神经母细胞对131I-红景天苷基本无摄取.     

碘标白藜芦醇及其小鼠体内分布

通过碘¹³¹标记白藜芦醇探讨白藜芦醇在小鼠体内的分布代谢。采用过氧化物酶法对白藜芦醇进行¹³¹I标记;经乙酸乙酯萃取纯化,以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质,V(三氯甲烷)∶V(丙酮)∶V(乙醇)∶V(水)=4∶4∶0.5∶0.4为展开剂,测定标记物的标记率和放化纯;KM小鼠尾静脉注射¹³¹I白藜芦醇（每只0.185MBq,n=5）。¹³¹I白藜芦醇标记率达69.3%,萃取分离后其放化纯为959%,3、7和15d后分别为92.0%、90.4%、90.1%;动物实验显示,¹³¹I白藜芦醇在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肝和肾进行代谢,5min时每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID•g^-1)分别为16.35、13.05,在肠中也有较高分布,10min时%ID•g^-1为11.70;甲状腺的摄取率随时间的延长而增加。碘标白藜芦醇标记物较稳定,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究。     

碘标锰卟啉及其小鼠体内分布

通过131I标记锰卟啉(MnTBAP)探讨锰卟啉在小鼠体内的分布代谢。采用Iodogen法对锰卟啉进行131I标记;以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、生理盐水为展开剂,测定标记物的标记率和放化纯度;KM小鼠尾静脉注射131I-MnTBAP(每只185kBq,n=6),分别于注射后5、10、30、60、120、240、1 440min取各脏器,称重、测定计数率,计算每克组织摄取注射剂量的百分率(%ID/g)。结果表明,131I-MnTBAP标记率达96.3%,其放化纯在标记后2、24、48h分别为96%、95%、94.5%;动物实验显示131I-MnTBAP在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肝和肾脏进行代谢,肝、肾的放射性摄取在注入后5min时分别为8.34%ID/g、12.23%ID/g,4h时则分别下降为0.34%ID/g、0.73%ID/g,血液中放射性清除较快,注入后5min时血液中放射性摄取为5.55%ID/g,4h为0.86%ID/g。因此,碘标记锰卟啉的标记物体外稳定,体内主要经肝、肾代谢,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究。     

碘标延胡索乙素及其小鼠体内分布

本文通过131I标记延胡索乙素(THP)以探讨其在小鼠体内的分布代谢.采用氯胺-T法对THP进行131I标记;以三氯甲烷萃取,聚酰胺薄膜为介质、正己烷:三氯甲烷:甲醇:醋酸=2:3:0.5:0.055(V/V)为展开剂,测定标记物的标记率和放化纯;KM小鼠尾静脉注射131I-延胡索乙素(185 kBq/只,n=6),分别于注射后5、10、30、60、120、240、1440 mim取各脏器、及脑部额叶、顶叶、枕叶、海马、纹状体、丘脑和血,称重、计数,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率(%ID·g-1),结果表明,131I-延胡索乙素标记率达76%,纯化后其放化纯为97.3%,7和20天后分别为95.4%、96.8%;动物实验显示131I-延胡索乙素在小鼠体内广泛分布,主要经肝和肾进行代谢,5min时%ID·g-1分别为14.35、6.55,脂肪和肠也有较高分布,5min时ID·g-1分别为3.05、3.91;脑组织中5-10min即达峰值,各脑区均有分布,其中以顶叶、额叶和小脑略高,2h后脑中基本代谢完毕.由此可见,碘标延胡索乙素标记物稳定,体内主要经肝肾代谢,脂肪及脑内各区域也有较高分布,可用于进一步的微量示踪研究.     

Tyr^3—octreotide的^131I标记条件研究及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

进行了＾１３１Ｉ标记Ｔｙｒ＾３－ｏｃｔｒｅｏｔｉｄｅ最佳标记条件的研究，包括反应量，反应时间，反应体积等对标记率的影响，ＨＰＬＣ分析最高标记率可达８２％，用ＳＥＰ－ＰＡＫ柱处理后，ＨＰＬＣ分析放化纯度〉９９％，对纯化后标记物在小鼠人的生物分布也进行了研究，结果表明，血液清除快，标记物通过标胆排泄，标记物在肿瘤内有一定浓聚，在注入后３ｈ内显像效果较好。     

Rituximab的碘标记方法及其在正常小鼠体内的生物分布

采用N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)方法对Rituximab(美罗华)进行标记,并优化标记条件。系统考察了反应时间、NBS用量、反应温度、反应体积、pH值及KI的加入等条件对125I-Rituximab标记率的影响,用ITLC-SG测定标记率和放化纯度。确定最佳条件为:反应时间2～3 min、pH 7.0、室温、反应体积80μL为反应最优条件。在最佳条件下,5次标记实验标记物的放化纯度为93.9%±1.6%。采用体外结合实验测定储存不同时间131I-Rituximab的免疫活性,结果表明随着131I-Rituximab储存时间的增加免疫活性下降。正常小鼠静脉注射131I-Rituximab后体内分布显示血液中放射性分布较高,并可持续6 d,表明131I-Rituximab体内稳定。异常毒性实验结果表明131I-Rituximab毒性低。     

藤黄酸的标记及其小鼠体内分布实验

通过¹³¹I 标记藤黄酸以分析其在肿瘤细胞中的摄取及动物体内的分布。采用双氧水标记、氯仿萃取,以聚酰胺薄膜为支持介质、氯仿 甲醇(体积比为40∶1）为展开剂,测定标记率及放化纯;分析肿瘤细胞MCF-7对¹³¹I-藤黄酸的摄取;KM小鼠尾静脉注射¹³¹I-藤黄酸（每只185 kBq）,于不同时间处死,取各脏器,称重、测量计数率,计算每克组织百分注射剂量率。¹³¹I-藤黄酸标记率达86%,放化纯在1, 4, 20 d分别为97.2%,95.4%,93.3%; MCF-7在30 min时对¹³¹I-藤黄酸摄取率达3.50%,显著高于对Na¹³¹I的摄取（P<0.01）;¹³¹I-藤黄酸在体内分布广泛,以肝、肾和肠为最多,肝中5 min时放射性摄取达25.93%ID/g, 4 h则为5.54%ID/g,而肾中5 min时为6.37%ID/g, 4 h时为2.46%ID/g;甲状腺中的放射性摄取随时间的延长而增加。¹³¹I-藤黄酸标记物稳定;肿瘤细胞MCF-7对¹³¹I-藤黄酸有显著摄取;体内主要通过肝肾代谢。     

Rituximab的碘标记方法及其正常小鼠体内的生物分布

系统考察了反应时间、NBS 用量、反应温度、反应体积、pH值等条件对125I-Rituximab标记率的影响。用ITLC-SG测定标记物的标记率或放化纯度。在最佳条件下，标记率大于92％。用体外结合试验测定储存不同时间的131I-Rituximab的免疫活性，证明随着131I-Rituximab的储存时间增加免疫活性下降。正常小鼠静脉注射131I-Rituximab后体内分布显示血液中放射性分布较高，并可持续6天，表明131I-Rituximab体内稳定。异常毒性试验结果表明131I-Rituximab毒性低。     

新型肺癌小分子多肽的~(131)I标记及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

建立肺癌特异性靶向小分子多肽cNGQGEQc的~(131)I标记方法,研究~(131)I-cNGQGEQc在正常小鼠体内的生物学分布特性。采用氯胺-T法对N端连接有酪氨酸的cNGQGEQc进行~(131)I标记,测定~(131)IcNGQGEQc的标记率、放化纯度、脂水分配系数及在生理盐水(NS)和正常人血清中的体外稳定性,并对标记物在正常小鼠体内的分布进行了初步研究。结果表明,~(131)I-cNGQGEQc的标记率大于90%,比活度为0.4TBq/g;~(131)I-cNGQGEQc在正常人血清和NS中较稳定;~(131)I-cNGQGEQc的脂水分配系数lgP为—1.68,体内生物分布结果表明,肾脏的放射性摄取率在1 h和12 h分别为(10.59±4.66)%ID/g和(1.79±0.89)%ID/g,肾脏的放射性摄取明显高于其他脏器,表明~(131)I-cNGQGEQc主要经肾脏代谢。以上结果表明,~(131)IcNGQGEQc的标记率较高,在体外具有良好的稳定性。~(131)I-cNGQGEQc为水溶性,可用于进一步的靶向诊断与治疗的研究。     

神经生长因子在小鼠体内的分布与排泄实验研究

采用氯胺－Ｔ法对神经生长因子（Ｎｅｒｖｒｅｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ，ＮＧＦ）进行碘标记，研究了ＮＧＦ在小鼠体内的分布与排泄规律，结果表明，ＮＧＦ在小鼠体内组织器官的分布速率以及颈上神经节，甲状腺，胆囊，肾脏，肾上腺等组织较快，各器官的达峰时间为２０－３０ｍｉｎ，肌注＾１２５Ｉ－ＮＧＦ７２ｈ内，小鼠粪尿中放射性排泄总量达７２．５５％，其中尿内累积量约占排泄总量的６５．６４％，而粪便中只占不足７％。     

Radioiodine-Labeling of Chlorpyrifos and Its Biodistribution in Mice

To investigate the preparation of radioiodinated Chlorpyrifos and its biodistribution in mice, Chlorpyrifos was labeled with¹³¹I using the Iodogen method. Biodistribution studies were carried out in KM mice. At different times after radiopharmaceutical i.v. administration (185 kBq¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos/mouse, n=5), the animals were sacrificed. Blood samples and the tissues of interested were collected, weighted and counted. The percentage of injected does per gram (%ID/g) was calculated for each sample. The labeling yield of ¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was 93.5%, The radiochemical purity (RCP) was 96.9%. Biodistribution in mice demonstrated that¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was extensive, and the uptakes mainly occur in lung, stomach, small-intestine, colon, musle, and submaxillay gland, as indicated by their amount of 37.12%ID/g, 6.18%ID/g, 8.12%ID/g, 8.15%ID/g, 7.04%ID/g, and 7.02%ID/g at 10 min, respectively. And it was metabolized in liver and kidney, as indicated by their uptake of 4.34%ID/g and 8.50%ID/g at 5 min, and 0.22%ID/g and 0.69%ID/g at 4 h, respectively. In addition,¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was cleared out from blood quickly, and the uptake of¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos in blood was 37.27%ID/g at 5 min, and decreased to 1.35%ID/g at 4 h post injection. In conclusion, ¹³¹I-Chlorpyrifos was stable in vitro and it was absorbed in lung and digestive tract, and it was metabolized mainly in liver and kidney, worthy of further investigation to trace the compound in vivo and in vitro.     

Radioiodine-labeling of EGCG and Its Biodistribution in Mice

To establish the ¹²⁵I-EGCGlabeling method and investigate the biodistribution of ¹²⁵I-EGCG inmice, ¹²⁵I-EGCG was prepared by Iodogen solid labeling method, andwere isolated and purified by Sephadex-G25 agarose, The labeling yield andradiochemical purity of ¹²⁵I-EGCG was analyzed by polymide TLC. Thelabeling yield of ¹²⁵I-EGCG was 89.4% and its radiochemicalpurity(RCP) were 96.4%. The Biodistribution of ¹²⁵I-EGCG in mice wasmeasured at different times after caudal vein injection with 185 kBq for eachmice. The biodistribution in mice demonstrated that ¹²⁵I-EGCG wasdistributed into broad organs and tissuuues, especially in the Stomach, Smallintestine and Submaxillay gland, and the biggest uptake of ¹²⁵I-EGCGin there organs was 15.92、5.83and 11.56 %ID·g^-1respectively at 15 min post injection. In addition, ¹²⁵I-EGCG wascleared out from blood guickly, and theuptake of ¹³¹I-EGCG in blood was 11.95 at 5 min, anddecreased to 1.25 at 4 h post injection. Therefore, ¹²⁵I-EGCG wasstable and it was metabolized mainly in Stomach, Small intestine, Submaxillaygland, worthy of further investigation to trace the compound in vivo and invitro.     

Annexin V的~(125)I标记及其在正常小鼠体内的分布

采用Iodogen法对Annexin V进行了125I标记,并观察了其在正常小鼠体内的分布情况。标记结果显示,125I-Annexin V标记率达94.9%,纯化后放化纯度达99%;室温放置72 h后,放化纯度仍保持在92%以上,表明其体外稳定性较好。生物分布结果显示,125I-Annexin V在肾脏中放射活性最高,其次为血液、肝脏、心、肺、脾;脑不吸收125I-Annexin V;肌肉、骨骼组织摄取亦较少;各组织、器官放射性摄取在1 h内除血液下降稍慢外,其余均有明显下降。表明125I-Annexin V适合用作核医学诊断试剂。     

^99Tc^m标记硫酸软骨素及其在小鼠体内的生物分布

采用亚锡还原法对硫酸软骨素（CS）进行了^99Tc^m标记,优化了标记条件,并观察标记物在小鼠体内的生物分布,为骨关节软骨显像提供依据。采用薄层层析分析标记产物的标记率为81．6％±1．7％;用直径为0．2p．m的无菌滤膜对标记液纯化,纯化后放化纯度为90．1％±1．2％^99Tc^m—CS在小鼠体内的生物分布结果显示,其在血液中清除较快,肾脏是主要排泄器官;有较高的亲软骨组织特性,4h时软骨与血液的放射性摄取比（T／NT）为8．31,软骨与骨的T／NT为2．03。以上结果提示,^99Tc^m-CS的标记方法简便,有一定的亲软骨组织性,有待进一步研究。     

99Tcm标记糖肽及其在荷瘤小鼠体内的分布与代谢动力学

Glucose and galactose are conjugated to the N- mercaptoacetyl-Val-Gly-Gly (MAVGG). The glycopeptides and MAVGG are labeled with 99Tcm. The partition coefficients between octanol and water (Pow) are measured. Glycopeptides or MAVGG labeled with 99Tcm areinjected into the mice bearing S180 tumor. 10μL blood samples are withdrawn at different time points and the radioactivities are counted to calculate the effective halflife (T1/2) using a bi-exponential fit. Biodistribution is measured at 3 h postinjection and the percentage of injected dose per gram ( ID%/g ) and tumor to normal tissue ratio (T/NT) were calculated. The assigned structures were confirmed on the basis of IR, NMR and MS. The 99Tcm labeling yield 巨radiochemical purity is greater than 90%. The lgPow of 99Tcm-Glu-MAVGG, 99Tcm-Gal-MAVGG and 99Tcm-MAVGG are –1.974, –2.128 and –1.378, respectively. The T1/2αof the three labeled peptides are 24.3, 37.1, 46.3 min and T1/2β are 221.5, 158.4 and 198.4 min, respectively. The tumor uptakes at 3 h postinjection are 1.46, 1.55 and 0.67 for 99Tcm-Glu-MAVGG, 99Tcm-Gal-MAVGG and 99Tcm-MAVGG, respectively. Their T/NT for tumor over muscle are 3.74、7.38 and 3.53, respectively. The results demonstrated that after carbohydrate conjugate of peptides, the lipophilicity is decreased , the blood clearance is increased and the tumor uptake is enhanced. Of the two glucopeptides, 99Tcm-Gal-MAVGG shows faster blood clearance, higher tumor uptake and T/NT, which suggests the potential utility of 99Tcm-Gal-MAVGG as a suitable tumor imaging agent.     

~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常小鼠及动脉粥样硬化动物模型体内的生物分布

分别采用高效液相色谱法、紫外分光光度法对OxLDL-Ab进行定性、定量分析,评价~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常动物和动脉粥样硬化模型动物的体内分布。正常动物采用昆明小鼠,模型采用载脂蛋白E基因敲除的小鼠(apolipoprotein E-deficient mice,ApoE~(-/-))。高效液相色谱条件为:磷酸缓冲液(PB,0.2 mol/L,pH=7.4)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,检测波长220nm;紫外分光光度法测得蛋白浓度的标准曲线为:y=0.664 5x-0.008 3,r2=0.999 7。~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在正常小鼠体内分布实验结果表明:除甲状腺外,各器官的放射性摄取随时间延长而减少,无明显浓集;在注射~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab后1d各器官代谢消除超过2/3,7d后血液中完全清除。~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab在ApoE~(-/-)鼠体内的分布实验中采用w=2%的KI溶液封闭了甲状腺,消除了甲状腺高摄取的影响;靶器官肺有较高放射性摄取,且在注射后4~8h显示出放射性浓集;除血外,其它各器官的靶器官/非靶器官的放射性摄取比值(T/NT)均大于1,其中T/Mu(肌肉)8,显示出~(125)I-OxLDL-Ab对靶器官有一定的选择性。标记抗体的体内靶向性是显像研究中至关重要的一环,要进一步用于动脉粥样硬化早期显像诊断,还需进一步提高靶器官/非靶器官的放射性摄取比值,提高其在体内与其抗原的亲和性。