汽车用镁合金的喷涂涂层的性能研究

采用电弧喷涂的方法在汽车用AZ31镁合金表面制备了一层防腐涂层,研究了喷涂电压、喷涂距离和热处理温度对喷涂涂层微观形貌和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当喷涂电压为27.9 V,喷涂距离为150 mm时,喷涂涂层的孔隙率较低,涂层也较为致密,耐腐蚀性能最好;经400℃保温2 h后,涂层与基体的结合强度和涂层的耐腐蚀性能都得到明显提高。     

不同工艺参数下超音速等离子喷涂层界面结合行为及其分形特性∗

随着研究不断深入，分形几何可以用来描述涂层的表面形貌和复杂性，分形维数可实现形貌结构的定性描述向定量表征转变。为研究超音速等离子喷涂层界面结合行为与其分形维数之间的关系，采用对比试验研究喷涂距离、喷涂电流等工艺参数对涂层结合界面形貌和结合强度的影响，并引入分形理论对界面结合行为进行定量表征，进而探究结合界面形貌、结合强度、分形维数三者的对应关系。结果表明：相比于喷涂电流，喷涂距离对分形维数的影响更为显著。当喷涂距离为 80 mm 和 100 mm 时，随着喷涂电流从 400 A 增大到 500 A，分形维数呈先减小后增大趋势，最小为 1.115 0；当喷涂距离为 120 mm 时，粒子在等离子焰流中的飞行时间增长，随电流增大，涂层界面分形维数则先增大后减小。界面分形维数与涂层结合强度之间存在着正相关的对应关系。当分形维数在一定范围内呈增大趋势时，涂层 / 基体结合界面处孔隙减少、结合强度增大。 因此，涂层 / 基体结合行为的分形特性研究对评价涂层质量具有重要意义。     

高速电弧喷涂复合材料涂层工艺优化与性能研究

采用FeCrNi粉芯丝材利用正交回归试验研究了高速电弧喷涂工艺参数对FeCrNi/Al2O3涂层的力学性能影响规律，并优化工艺参数。结果表明，和其它工艺参数相比，喷涂距离对涂层的结合强度、硬质相沉积效率、显微硬度有显著影响，喷涂距离与喷涂压力的交互作用对显微硬度有较明显的影响。当喷涂电流为100A，喷涂压力为0．65MPa，喷涂距离为250mm时，FeCrNi粉芯丝材涂层的结合强度仍高达31．2MPa。     

等离子体喷涂Sn和ZrO2涂层／U-Nb合金摩擦副的摩擦性能

探讨了用等离子体喷涂方法制备改善与U-Nb合金之间摩擦性能的减摩层的可行性。比较了U-Nb合金在涂层表面滑动时Sn软涂层，Sn／ZrO2双涂层，ZrO2硬涂层和ZrO2中加入Sn的混合涂层的摩擦特性。结果表明，表层为Sn的单涂层和Sn／ZrO2双涂层的摩擦性能相近，Sn单涂层的摩擦系数最低。ZrO2硬涂层一直保持着较高的摩擦系数，在ZrO2中加入Sn后，涂层的摩擦系数没有得到有效改善。用等离子体喷涂方法制备的ZrO2硬涂层不适合作U-Nb合金的减摩层。切削是Sn、Sn／ZrO2、Sn ZrO2、ZrO2的涂层与U-Nb合金之间主要的摩擦机理。     

面向工业设计的塑料表面铝涂层的结合强度

目的采用电弧喷涂方法在环氧树脂和ABS塑料表面喷涂铝涂层,研究涂层结合强度的影响因素。方法第一组试验是塑料表面喷砂后,喷涂铝涂层;第二组是塑料表面喷砂后,涂覆一层高强度环氧树脂结构胶,再喷涂铝涂层。选择喷涂气体压力、喷涂电流和喷涂距离三因素进行正交试验,采用粘结拉伸法测试结合强度,并用照相法测量铝液和环氧树脂塑料、Q235钢的接触角。结果本试验条件下,二种塑料电弧喷涂铝涂层结合强度的影响因素主次顺序为:空气压力喷涂电流喷涂距离。最优方案是:喷涂气体压力为0.7 MPa,喷涂电流为220 A,喷涂距离为160 mm。未涂覆高强度环氧树脂结构胶的涂层,结合强度最大不超过3 MPa;涂覆高强度环氧树脂结构胶的涂层,结合强度达到近20 MPa。铝液和Q235钢的接触角是45°,和环氧树脂塑料的接触角是135°。结论环氧树脂和ABS塑料表面电弧喷涂铝涂层的结合强度低的主要原因是铝液和它们之间的润湿性差。涂覆高强度环氧树脂结构胶后,喷涂工艺参数对涂层的结合强度影响不明显,结合强度受控于环氧树脂结构胶的粘接作用,使涂层的结合强度显著提高。     

喷涂距离对超音速火焰喷涂 CoCrAlYTa 涂层组织性能的影响

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术制备CoCrAlYTa涂层,研究了喷涂距离对涂层相组成、孔隙率以及硬度、弯曲强度、高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:喷涂距离在200～300 mm范围内时,随着喷涂距离的减小,涂层的致密度增加,孔隙率下降,显微硬度和弯曲结合强度增加,但相组成基本不变,主要由CoAl,AlCo2Ta和CoTa3相组成;涂层致密度越高,在高温氧化过程中,表面越易尽早形成连续氧化膜并促进涂层中Al元素的选择氧化,因此随着喷涂距离的减小,涂层的高温抗氧化性能逐渐增强。     

纳米TiO2对火焰喷涂尼龙1010涂层性能的影响研究

利用电子拉力机、紫外光辐照箱、示差扫描量热仪（DSC）及描电子显微镜（SEM）对火焰喷涂尼龙1010/纳米TiO2复合涂层的力学性能、耐老化性能及热性能等进行了测试.结果表明,当复合涂层配比为m（PA1010） ： m（n-TiO2）=100 ： 1.5时,复合涂层综合性能较佳,涂层自拉伸强度为73.68 MPa;涂层与基体结合强度为26.4 MPa;涂层经10天紫外线老化后,涂层自拉伸强度保持率为94.2 %;DSC分析结果表明,纳米TiO2有明显的异质成核作用,使复合涂层的过冷度由27.0 ℃下降为23.0 ℃.提示纳米TiO2能够显著提高涂层力学性能和抗老化性能,并有助于提高复合涂层的结晶速率,具有明显的成核作用.     

纳米复合涂层ZrO2/0.05w(Al2O3)力学性能的Weibull分布特性

采用等离子喷涂方法制备了掺杂纳米Al2O3的ZrO2纳米陶瓷复合涂层（NCC）。并参照ZrO2传统涂层（MCC），探究了涂层显微硬度与微观组织结构的关系。试验数据显示，纳米复合陶瓷涂层表面与断面的平均显微硬度值均明显高于传统涂层；两者的Weibull分布均呈各向异性和分散性，但纳米复合陶瓷材料的分布较集中。通过TEM分析进一步表明，纳米复合涂层组织的明显细化、纳米Al2O3颗粒在ZrO2涂层中的弥散分布、微裂纹（微孔）韧化、晶内／晶间强化是NCC具有优异的力学性能的主要原因。     

基于遗传神经网络的等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3涂层工艺参数优化

将BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合用于等离子喷涂纳米ZrO2-7％ Y2O3涂层的工艺参数优化,根据正交试验结果对模型结构进行训练,建立了喷涂距离、喷涂电流、主气压力、辅气压力与涂层结合强度和显微硬度之间的BP神经网络模型,并基于遗传算法对涂层结合强度和显微硬度进行了单目标和多目标参数优化.结果表明,模型预测值与试验值十分接近,说明该网络模型是正确和可靠的.遗传算法优化的涂层最大结合强度和显微硬度(HV)分别为44.0 MPa和12.663 GPa;当涂层结合强度和显微硬度两个性能参数权重相同时,在喷涂距离90.66 mm、喷涂电流934.63 A、主气压力0.304MPa和辅气压力0.898 MPa时涂层综合性能最优.     

电弧超声改善等离子喷涂纳米结构ZrO2涂层结合强度研究

研究采用电弧超声来改善等离子喷涂纳米结构ZrO2涂层的结合强度.结果表明.加入电弧超声后,涂层组织更加致密,气孔率和未熔化区减小.当电弧超声频率在30～70kHz时,电弧超声对改善涂层结合强度是有利的.并在50kHz时达到最大值;当超声频率大于70kHz时,由于涂层中纳米颗粒的大量减少,涂层的结合强度呈下降的趋势.     

Mechanical properties of cold-sprayed and thermally sprayed copper coatings

The present investigation compares the mechanical properties of cold-sprayed and thermally sprayed copper coatings. The mechanical properties of the Cu-coatings are determined by in plane tensile test using micro-flat tensile specimen technique. A deeper view into the type of obtained defects, their stability and their influence on coating performance, is supplied by subsequent failure analyses and the comparison to annealed copper coatings. The results demonstrate that cold-sprayed coatings, processed with helium as propellant gas, show similar performance as highly deformed bulk copper sheets and respective changes in properties after annealing. In the as-sprayed condition, cold-sprayed coatings processed with nitrogen and thermally sprayed coatings show rather brittle behavior. Whereas subsequent annealing can improve the properties of the cold-sprayed coating, processed with nitrogen, such heat treatments have only minor influence on the tensile properties of thermally sprayed copper coatings. The investigation of failure modes for the as-sprayed states and after different heat treatments provided further information concerning particle–particle bonding and the effect of oxides on mechanical properties.     

热喷涂技术及其设备应用

阐述了热喷涂潦方法和技术特性；比较了几种常用的热喷涂技术的优缺点．如火焰喷涂、电弧丝喷涂、等离子喷涂等．介绍了相应的设备系统的组成、应用领域及其发展的新趋势。指出合理使用热喷涂技术，不仅可以有效利用材料。还能扩展零部件的用途和延长使用寿命，从而创造出巨大的经济效益和社会效益。     

扇形喷嘴的雾化特性研究

在实验室利用Helos KF颗粒度测试仪进行了扇形喷嘴的喷雾颗粒度与喷射角度、喷雾压力和等效孔径之间关系的研究, 结果表明扇形喷嘴随着喷雾角度和喷雾压力的增大,喷雾颗粒度减小;等效孔径的增大,喷雾颗粒度增大,为连铸喷嘴的选型提供依据。     

超音速电弧喷涂粒子速度的测定

在电弧喷涂中,喷涂粒子的速度是影响涂层质量的重要因素,超音速电弧喷涂系统利用超音速气体雾化,加速喷涂粒子,增加喷涂粒子的速度,从而改善了涂层质量,采用Ｋｏｄａｋ１０１２型高速运动分析仪对喷涂粒子的速度进行了测定,结果表明,喷涂φ２．２ｍｍＴ８钢丝时,喷涂粒子的平均速度可达到２９１ｍ／ｓ。     

热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的研究状况

非晶合金是一种极具发展潜力的新兴金属材料.用热喷涂方法制备非晶合金涂层是将非晶推向工程应用的有效方法.从分析非晶合金及其制备特性入手,阐述了非晶合金热喷涂涂层的特性及目前制备非晶合金涂层的两类热喷涂技术路线,展望了热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层未来的发展趋势.     

Characteristics and corrosion performance of 80Ni-20Cr coating deposited by on-site thermal spraying

New controlled atmosphere on-site spraying systems were developed to deposit a high-quality coating with superior resistance to wet corrosion. Characteristics and corrosion resistance of coatings deposited by arc and flame spraying of wire in argon gas were compared with those of coatings deposited by conventional and low-pressure plasma techniques. It was found that the coating deposited by the arc spraying of wire in argon gas is free of oxides and possesses excellent corrosion resistance in chloride and acid solutions. The coating suffers slight pitting and crevice corrosion associated with the isolated pores and electric potential paths. Corrosion resistance was improved by using a modified spraying system.     

喷涂方式在膜电极制备中的应用

为了找到适合质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极的喷涂制备方法,主要论述了高压无气喷涂、压缩空气喷涂、混气喷涂、静电喷涂和超声波辅助雾化喷涂几种常用喷涂方式的喷涂原理和特点,以及在燃料电池膜电极制备中的应用可行性.通过对几种喷涂方法的优缺点进行对比,初步选择了高压无气喷涂和混气喷涂为拟采用的方式,而后经过试验测试比较,找到了比较适合膜电极超薄涂层的制备方法--混气喷涂方法,对今后燃料电池膜电极的制备方法研究具有一定的指导意义.     

Alumina coatings obtained by thermal spraying and plasma anodising — A comparison

Thermally sprayed alumina coatings are widely used in a range of industrial applications to improve wear and erosion resistance, corrosion protection and thermal insulation of metallic surfaces. These properties are required for many components to be used for production processes in the paper and printing industry.Another appropriate method to produce ceramic coatings is the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). However PEO can only be applied on self-passivating metals like aluminium, titanium, magnesium and their alloys. The present paper concerns a combination of cost-efficient arc spraying and flame spraying of Al coatings (Al99.5, AlCu4Mg1) on steel substrates and post-treatment by plasma-electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The microstructure and phase composition of generated oxide coatings are examined and discussed. The created Al₂O₃ layers show outstanding hardness up to 1600 HV0.1, good bonding strength and excellent abrasion resistance compared to atmospheric plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃-coatings. The results show the superior performance of PEO-coatings and demonstrate their applicability for technical components in extreme operating conditions.     

电弧喷涂粉芯丝材的研究与应用

简述了电弧喷涂技术的特点和发展。将电弧喷涂与其他热喷涂技术在涂层性能等方面做了对比。概述了电弧喷涂用粉芯丝材的研究和发展现状。展望了这种粉芯丝材在制备金属/陶瓷复合涂层、纳米结构涂层和非晶涂层等方面的应用前景。     

Cold gas dynamic spraying of aluminum: The role of substrate characteristics in deposit formation

Aluminum powder of 99.7 wt.% purity and in the nominal particle size range of −75+15 μm has been sprayed onto a range of substrates by cold gas dynamic spraying (cold spraying) with helium, at room temperature, as the accelerating gas. The substrates examined include metals with a range of hardness, polymers, and ceramics. The substrate surfaces had low roughness (R _a < 0.1 μm) before deposition of aluminum in an attempt to separate effects of mechanical bonding from other forms of bonding, such as chemical or metallurgical bonding. The cross-sectional area of a single track of aluminum sprayed onto the substrate was taken as a measure of the ease of initiation of deposition, assuming that once a coating had begun to deposit onto a substrate, its growth would occur at a constant rate regardless of substrate type. It has been shown that initiation of deposition depends critically upon substrate type. For metals where initiation was not easy, small aluminum particles were deposited preferentially to large ones (due to their higher impact velocities); these may have acted as an interlayer to promote further building of the coating. A number of phenomena have been observed following spraying onto various substrates, such as substrate melting, substrate and particle deformation, and evidence for the formation of a metal-jet (akin to that seen in explosive welding). Such phenomena have been related to the processes occurring during impact of the particles on the substrate. Generally, initiation of aluminum deposition was poor for nonmetallic materials (where no metallic bonding between the particle and substrate was possible) and for very soft metals (in the case of tin, melting of the substrate was observed). Metallic substrates harder than the aluminum particles generally promoted deposition, although deposition onto aluminum alloy was difficult due to the presence of a tenacious oxide layer. Initiation was seen to be rapid on hard metallic substrates, even when deformation of the substrate was not visible. The original version of this article was published as part of the ASM Proceedings, Thermal Spray 2003: Advancing the Sciences and Applying the Technology, International Thermal Spray Conference (Orlando, FL), May 5–8, 2003, Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau, Ed., ASM International, 2003.