一种空域和频域相结合的遥感图像亚像素配准方法

扩展相位相关配准方法只适用于图像间相对运动小于图像尺寸的50%甚至30%的情况,其配准精度随着图像间运动增大而降低且易受边缘效应和混叠效应的影响.针对这种情况,本文做了如下改进:在使用相位相关法之前使用空间域方法粗配准,根据粗配准结果提取重叠区域形成两幅新图像,再对两幅新图像使用扩展相位相关进行精配准,解决了原方法只适用于图像间相对运动较小且精度随相对运动增大而降低的问题;为减弱边缘效应对配准精度的影响,通过实验评价了不同加窗方法,并给与了最优的建议;为减弱混叠效应对配准精度的影响,通过实验讨论了理想低通滤镜的截止频率的取值方法.实验证明这种方法不仅拓展了相位相关的使用范围而且在很大程度上提高了配准的精度.     

一种改进的病理显微图像亚像素快速配准方法

针对病理显微图像的快速高精度配准的应用需求,提出了一种改进的亚像素快速配准方法。通过采用对数差值函数对显微图像重叠区域进行信息量评估,由H型对数差值模板配准获取两幅图像像素级的粗定位和有效子图,继而在两幅子图上采用局部上采样相位相关法来获取亚像素级别的配准估计值。该方法利用H型对数差值模板简洁、配准速度快的优点规避了相位相关法计算量随着图像尺寸增大而急剧增长的缺陷,并能够对显微图像进行信息量评估以避免空白图像造成的误配。经实验表明,改进的显微图像配准方法配准精度可达0.01像素,速度为相位相关法的3.7倍（图像大小为2448×2048）,更适合应用于病理显微图像的快速高精度配准。     

SAR图像的改进相位相关配准方法

基于相位相关的图像配准方法以其运算量小、抗干扰性强等优点得到广泛关注,但它只能解决具有平移运动的图像配准问题,为此,文章提出一种改进的相位相关配准方法,分析了其配准原理,给出流程图,并将其应用于存在缩放、旋转和平移变换的SAR图像配准中。仿真结果表明,该算法能够较为准确地估计出待配准图像相对于基准图像的平移参数、缩放尺度和旋转角度。     

一种应用于图像配准中大尺度位移估计的改进光流法

本文介绍了一种改进的光流法来对图像进行配准. 其新颖之处在于, 引入了一种初始运动估计器 (扩展相位相关法) 来改善光流法的性能. 光流法配准可达到亚像素级精度, 并能计算某些复杂的运动模式, 如 chirping 和 tilting, 但它处理大尺度位移的能力较弱. 相对而言, 因为扩展相位相关法可在像素级精度上对大尺度的旋转和平移进行估计, 且计算效率较高, 所以, 它可以作为光流法一种较好的运动预估器. 实验表明, 这种改进的光流法可显著提高配准精度, 特别是对存在大尺度位移的图像, 并且对随机噪声不敏感.     

快速区域互相关InSAR图像配准方法

在分析复图像干涉相位对快速互相关算法配准精度影响的基础上,提出了一种快速区域互相关InSAR图像配准方法。该方法对图像的幅度谱进行区域相关操作,获得干涉相位空间角频率的粗估计,并对主图像进行干涉相位补偿。该算法通过上述步骤消除干涉相位变化对算法的影响实现了高精度配准。在仿真实验和实测实验中,通过与传统的快速区域互相关算法及最大频谱法进行对比,验证了本文算法的稳健性与有效性。     

基于FFT平移与相关分析的多尺度星载SAR自动配准

SAR图像配准是SAR图像应用,尤其是时间序列SAR图像应用的重要处理步骤之一。为实现重复星载SAR图像的快速、自动配准,通过将小波多尺度变换与快速傅立叶频谱变换相结合,实现了对星载SAR图像间初始偏移的快速估计,并在此基础上利用基于窗口的相关分析,实现了SAR图像的精确配准。选用星载ALOS-PALSAR和Radarsat-2影像作为试验数据,对提出的方法进行了实验分析。实验结果表明:该方法在无需任何先验知识的情况下,可以全自动完成重复轨道星载SAR数据的快速配准,且精度满足SAR干涉处理等时间序列SAR应用处理的需求,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于外部DEM的InSAR图像配准方法研究

雷达图像的配准是进行雷达干涉测量(SAR Interferometry, InSAR)处理的关键,为了保证干涉相位图或形变相位图反映真实地面特性,需要雷达图像之间亚像元级精度的配准。首先综述了已有的基于外部DEM的InSAR图像配准方法的思路及其不足之处,并提出了一种全新的思路:以图像之间的相干性作为目标函数,利用搜索的方法实现了雷达成像方位向和距离向的最优时间常数的估计,从而实现雷达图像之间亚像元级配准;还进一步推导了数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model, DEM)的误差对算法精度影响的一个更加严密的表示。结论表明,在利用精确轨道数据的情况下,美国航天飞机测地计划SRTM获得的地形数据的精度可以满足精确雷达图像配准的要求。结果表明,利用基于外部DEM算法配准雷达图像在山区和大的时间基线情况下要优于常规相干多项式配准方法,理论上可以达到百分之一个像素的配准精度。     

基于加权联合导向矢量模型的InSAR干涉相位估计

基于干涉图的传统干涉相位估计方法,当由于图像配准误差而导致的干涉图质量较差时,就难以恢复出准确的真实干涉相位.本文提出了一种基于加权联合导向矢量模型的InSAR干涉相位估计方法.该方法构造最优联合观测矢量和加权联合导向矢量,同时利用相邻像素的相干信息,并采用波束形成技术,因此具有自适应图像配准和降低相位噪声的功能,因而可以在SAR图像配准精度很差(可以允许达到一个分辨单元)的条件下准确地估计相应像素间的干涉相位.仿真及实测数据的处理结果证明了此方法的有效性.     

SAR图像多尺度配准的小波域等周割方法

研究在同一场景中不同时间和角度的图像配准问题,针对保证配准的精确性,给出了基于合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像小波域等周割多尺度分割的SAR图像多尺度配准方法.为了抑制噪声和配准精度,提出了SAR图像小波域等周割模型并给出模型的多尺度分割算法,以得到较为精确的轮廓特征,结合轮廓修正过程对每个小波分解层进行多尺度配准;并且,配准过程决定了分割中尺度因子的变化程度.小波分解的应用可有效降低搜索空间,在一定程度上加快配准速度,且使用修正后的轮廓特征信息,提高了配准精度.实验结果表明了方法的有效性,为图像配准技术提供了参考.     

亚像素级图像配准算法研究

在很多应用领域,要求图像配准的精度达到亚像素级。对现有的亚像素级图像配准算法进行了分类,介绍了几种最主要的亚像素级精度的配准方法,包括基于插值的方法、扩展的相位相关法、解最优化问题法,并对这些算法的思路、性能特点和最新进展进行了综述。然后从几个评价标准对各种算法进行了比较,分析了各自影响性能的因素和性能提升的空间。最后对未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

INSAR复数影像配准方法研究

文章提出了一种INSAR复数影像自动配准方法,该方法包括重叠景区概略配准、像素级粗匹配、亚像素级精匹配三个环节。为了提高匹配的效率并发现和消除误匹配,在粗匹配时采用了伪金字塔影像分频道相关和回归分析法检验相结合的算法。通过对几景ERS-1/2 SAR影像数据的试验,证明该方法具有良好的性能,对INSAR数据的规模化应用具有实际意义。文中还对常用的亚像素级匹配算法的性能和最小二乘匹配法对复数影像配准的有效性等进行了分析。     

基于图像配准的POCS超分辨率图像重构

图像重构是数字图像处理的一个重要的分支,根据图像序列进行重构的高分辨率图像在多种应用邻域得以应用。该文简要介绍了图像成像原理以及降阶模型,并提出在图像配准的基础上,对图像序列采用POCS方法高分辨率重构,将图像校准算法和POCS方法有机地结合在一起,同时给出了其中详细的算法和实现过程。实验仿真结果表明该算法当图像间平移量小于10个象素、旋转角小于5时收敛,且运算量小,收敛速度快,具有很好的图像超分辨率重构能力。     

直方图估计互信息在非刚性图像配准中的应用

提出了一种对非刚性三维医学图像进行弹性配准的新方法,配准判据是基于二维联合直方图估计得到的两幅图像灰度之间的互信息．首先最大化全局互信息,实现两幅图像之间的全局仿射配准,然后将两幅图像的重叠部分均匀地划分成互为重叠的体积子块,再最大化对应体积子块的图像灰度之间的互信息,实现每对对应子块的局部刚体配准,将每个子块的中心作为一一对应的控制点．最后利用这些控制点对结合薄平板样条插值法实现全局弹性配准．     

Fingerprint image mosaicking by recursive ridge mapping.

To obtain a large fingerprint image from several small partial images, mosaicking of fingerprint images has been recently researched. However, existing approaches cannot provide accurate transformations for mosaics when it comes to aligning images because of the plastic distortion that may occur due to the nonuniform contact between a finger and a sensor or the deficiency of the correspondences in the images. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for mosaicking fingerprint images, which iteratively matches ridges to overcome the deficiency of the correspondences and compensates for the amount of plastic distortion between two partial images by using a thin-plate spline model. The proposed method also effectively eliminates erroneous correspondences and decides how well the transformation is estimated by calculating the registration error with a normalized distance map. The proposed method consists of three phases: feature extraction, transform estimation, and mosaicking. Transform is initially estimated with matched minutia and the ridges attached to them. Unpaired ridges in the overlapping area between two images are iteratively matched by minimizing the registration error, which consists of the ridge matching error and the inverse consistency error. During the estimation, erroneous correspondences are eliminated by considering the geometric relationship between the correspondences and checking if the registration error is minimized or not. In our experiments, the proposed method was compared with three existing methods in terms of registration accuracy, image quality, minutia extraction rate, processing time, reject to fuse rate, and verification performance. The average registration error of the proposed method was less than three pixels, and the maximum error was not more than seven pixels. In a verification test, the equal error rate was reduced from 10% to 2.7% when five images were combined by our proposed method. The proposed method was superior to other compared methods in terms of registration accuracy, image quality, minutia extraction rate, and verification.     

星载InSAR非相干图像对精确配准

为了解决星载InSAR非相干图像配准中不同区域对应不同形变参数的问题,将几种传统的SAR图像配准和光学图像配准的方法有机结合,提出了一种基于概略配准、Harris角点检测、相关系数匹配、Delaunay三角网剖分插值映射的InSAR复图像精确配准方法。通过仿真验证,该方法能够适用相干和非相干的InSAR复图像。配准精度达到0.1像素级。     

基于高斯混合模型的有约束彩色医学图像群配准技术

为利用多幅彩色图像中的丰富信息,提高配准精度和效果,把基于高斯混合模型的灰度图像群配准技术推广为彩色图像群配准技术。为了减少同一彩色图像不同彩色分量之间的形变偏差,定义了彩色分量形变约束项。总彩色图像配准测度是两个函数的代数和构造:彩色分量形变约束项和基于概率分布的对数似然函数。通过对人体胃部彩色图像和数据可视人彩色切片图像的群配准实验,证实了有约束彩色图像群配准技术具有很好的配准结果。     

Direct Estimation of Nonrigid Registrations with Image-Based Self-Occlusion Reasoning

The registration problem for images of a deforming surface has been well studied. External occlusions are usually well handled. In 2D image-based registration, self-occlusions are more challenging. Consequently, the surface is usually assumed to be only slightly self-occluding. This paper is about image-based nonrigid registration with self-occlusion reasoning. A specific framework explicitly modeling self-occlusions is proposed. It is combined with an intensity-based, “direct” data term for registration. Self-occlusions are detected as shrinkage areas in the 2D warp. Experimental results on several challenging data sets show that our approach successfully registers images with self-occlusions while effectively detecting the self-occluded regions.     

Image Registration for Digital Subtraction Angiography

In clinical practice, Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) is a powerful technique for the visualization of blood vessels in the human body. The diagnostic relevance of the images is often reduced by artifacts which arise from the misalignment of successive images in the sequence, due to patient motion. In order to improve the quality of the subtraction images, several registration techniques have been proposed. However, because of the required computation times, it has never led to algorithms that are fast enough so as to be acceptable for integration in clinical applications. In this paper, a new approach to the registration of digital angiographic images is proposed. It involves an edge-based selection of control points for which the displacement is computed by means of template matching, and from which the complete displacement vector field is constructed by means of interpolation. The final warping of the images according to the calculated displacement vector field is performed real-time by graphics hardware. Experimental results with several clinical data sets show that the proposed algorithm is both effective and very fast.