Simulation of the interaction between driver and seat

Test is one of methods to acquire human-seat pressure distribution in driving, with the deficiency of being uneasy to obtain the stress information of soft tissue inside human body and the sheer force of interface between human and seat, which can be obtained by simulation. But current simulation method focuses mainly on calculation itself other than combining it with posture prediction and cab packaging parameters, which cause it difficult to acquire accurate pressure calculation results without accurate posture of human body, and make it almost meaningless to design optimization. Therefore, a human body geometric model with posture change capability is built and linked up with Cascade Prediction Model（CPM）, which takes cab packaging parameters as inputs. A detailed finite element model of driver human body is constructed and used to conduct the driver-seat interaction simulation between human body and seat. Good accordance of pressure distribution is observed between simulation and test, which validates the simulation. In addition to the distribution pattern, curves on key sections are used to analyze the pressure and shear stress on the seat surface, as well as soft tissue stress inside human body. The simulation shows that the maximum stress of buttocks locates under the ischial tuberosity, and the maximum stress of trunk occurs near the scapula posterior and the lower waist. These are the places where fatigue usually occurs. The maximum pressure of seat appears at the driver-seat contact area corresponding to the driver＇s maximum skin tissue stress. In order to guide the seat design and cab packaging and study the influence of posture to pressure distribution, finite element models for different levels of cab packaging parameters are created by using CPM. The pressure distributions are calculated and their tendencies varying with cab packaging parameters are obtained. The method presented provides a new way to accurately simulate the interaction between driver human body and seat, and to guide the seat design and cab packaging so as to improve seating comfort.     

驾驶疲劳与汽车人机工程学初探

建立了人—汽车—环境驾驶界面模型 ,首次从人机工程学角度综合分析了造成驾驶疲劳的环境因素 ,指出视觉界面、听觉界面、人—座椅界面、人—操纵界面是影响驾驶疲劳的主要人机界面 ,并从汽车人机界面设计方面提出了防止和缓解驾驶疲劳的有效措施     

体压分布的指标

提出表征体压分布的８个指标，它们是：最大压力、平均压力、最大压力梯度、平均压力梯度、不对称系数、纵向压力分布曲线、纵向力矩分布曲线、侧倾稳定性系数，结合座椅的舒适性对其物理意义进行了初步分析，并试验了座椅舒适性主客观评价的相关关系。     

Analysis of the contact interactions between fingertips and objects with different surface curvatures

Previous experimental observations indicated that the contact interactions between finger and tool handle interfere with the grasp stability, affecting the comfort and manipulations of handheld tools. From a biomechanical point of view, the curvature of the contact surface should affect the contact pressure and contact area, and thereby the comfort and manipulations of hand tools. The current authors analysed, via a finite element model, the contact interactions between fingertips and objects with different curvatures. The effects of the curvature on the contact stiffness, fingertip deformations, contact pressure distributions, and stress/strain distributions within the soft tissues were analysed. The simulation results indicated that the curvature of the contact interface influences the contact characteristics significantly. For a given contact force, the contact area and the contact stiffness increase but the contact pressure and the fingertip deformation decrease with the decrease of the contact surface curvature. The present simulation results will be useful for ergonomic designers in their aim to improve the design of tool handles.     

直流表面电阻测试系统软件开发与应用

用Visual Basic针对表面直流电阻测试系统进行软件开发,使系统各个部分组成一个可控的整体.该开发软件具有较好的人机界面,实现了表面接触电阻的自动测量和数据处理.测试结果较好地反应材料在不同压强下的表面电阻,符合材料的物理特性,对材料的屏蔽效能评估、工程中材料的选型和应用有较好的参考价值.     

汽车钢圈疲劳寿命研究

汽车车轮是介于轮胎和车桥之间承受整车负荷的旋转件,是汽车行驶系统中重要的安全部件。钢圈的主要破坏形式是循环载荷产生的疲劳破坏,它是导致钢圈破坏的主要原因。文中研究了轮辐与轮辋的装配过盈量、接触量长度及轮辐外圆的加工状态对钢圈径向疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明,当接触量长度一定时,钢圈的疲劳寿命随着过盈量的增加而增大;当过盈量一定时,随着接触量长度的增加,钢圈的疲劳寿命逐渐增大,钢圈的最大疲劳寿命大于100万次。轮辐外圆未车削时,在较大的过盈量下,钢圈可达到较高的疲劳寿命。     

一种人机特征驱动的驾驶空间布局设计方法

为了强调在概念设计阶段就考虑人机方面的需求,提出了人机特征驱动的产品设计方法,并以汽车驾驶空间布局设计为例进行具体研究.通过引入人机约束概念,建立人机约束模型,并以此为基础选择合适的人机特征评价模型和优化设计方案.在汽车空间布局设计实例中,以关节舒适度作为人机特征,基于实验建立了人机变量与设计参数的关系,完成了人机特征驱动的驾驶空间布局设计模型和系统,并实现了汽车布局设计方案的自动生成,最后对该方法进行了验证.     

Development of a low cost portable pressure measurement system using for garment design

Pressure comfort is an important part of garment comfort evaluation, in this paper, a low cost portable pressure measurement system (PPMS) are developed for measuring pressure distribution on garment. Three sets of different size knitted garments are fabricated for investigating the pressure distribution on a mannequin and on young female volunteers. Experimental results show curvature radius of points on the mannequin are smaller, pressures are larger which is consistent with the pressure calculation equation. Pressure distribution state on human body is different from that on mannequin due to size and shape difference even if the same garments were utilized. Dynamic pressure measurement on human body shows the pressure variations on points of human body. However, the static and dynamic pressure data can be utilized for improving quality of garments and helping design of garments.     

基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化研究

由于激光增材制造装备具有多维度信息、多流程、多功能、多对象等人机交互特征,导致其人机交互效率低、舒适安全性差,直接影响制件成形质量的稳定性。基于此,提出一种基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化方法。依据双手垂直可达域的舒适性划分人机交互界面可达域等级,构建基于可达域的激光增材制造装备人机界面布局优化模型。针对基于域模型构建的多决策变量界面布局模型求解问题,提出一种基于狼群-粒子群算法的混合智能求解算法,将狼群算法的奔走围攻行为机制引入粒子群算法,解决粒子群算法因种群多样性较低而导致计算结果容易陷入局部最优解问题。最后,以LDM4030激光增材制造装备为例,对其人机界面布局进行优化,并进行工效学仿真与眼动试验,结果表明：优化后的人机界面布局在舒适性、安全性以及界面的合理性上都优于原装备的设计,验证了该模型的有效性和可行性。     

机械系统人机界面优化设计模型的研究

将优化设计理论和方法应用于机械系统人机界面设计当中,根据人机界面设计准则,确定了人机界面的优化设计变量,以人机界面的评价结果——匹配优度作为总体目标函数,以人机界面中各元件的几何参数以及各元件在整个人机界面中的匹配优度作为单个目标函数,以人机界面中各元件的几何位置可布置区域作为约束条件,提出了机械系统人机界面优化设计的数学模型。     

Effect of contact pressure on fretting fatigue of austenitic stainless steel

The effect of contact pressure on fretting fatigue in solution-treated austenitic stainless steel was studied. With an increase in contact pressure, fretting fatigue life was almost unchanged at low contact pressures, however it decreased drastically at high contact pressures. At low contact pressures, stress concentration due to fretting damage occurred at the middle portion of the fretted area and the main crack responsible for failure was initiated there. At high contact pressures, concavity was formed at the fretted area without accompanying heavy wear. The main crack was initiated at the outer edge corner of the concavity which probably acted as a notch. Plain fatigue prior to the fretting fatigue test increased the fretting fatigue life at high contact pressures since the concavity formation was suppressed by the cyclic strain hardening.     

汽车驾驶座椅的人机工程学设计

运用人机工程学原理,针对汽车驾驶座椅,从驾驶员生理特性与作业环境两个方面分析了影响驾驶舒适性及安全性的原因,在此基础上从坐姿舒适性,振动舒适性,操作舒适性,安全性等四个方面论述了汽车驾驶座椅人机工程学设计,完成了对汽车驾驶座椅从分析-设计的系列开发过程.     

汽车离合器操纵舒适度的模糊综合评价研究

为改善汽车驾驶舒适性能,以汽车离合器作为评判对象,探讨了一种基于模糊理论的离合器操纵舒适性综合评价方法。分析了膜片弹簧离合器静态工作原理,在“人-车-环境”闭环系统中,利用模糊综合评判理论,建立了影响其操纵舒适度的因素评价指标体系,利用多级模糊综合评判方法对离合器操纵舒适度进行了综合评价。实例试验表明,模糊综合评判方法可以较客观地实现对离合器操纵舒适度的主观评价。     

租赁式自行车人机系统分析与设计

以城市租赁式自行车为研究对象,运用人机工程学原理,结合测量学、触觉通道、视觉通道、人机界面等方面的知识对其加以分析,尤其对租赁式自行车的尺寸、停车器的尺寸以及界面进行了详细分析,并对自行车的外观尺寸进行了合理化设计,从用户的心理需求对自行车的颜色进行了改良设计,使租赁式自行车更加容易被人识别,此外通过人机界面分析对自行车的把手、脚踏进行了改进,增加了使用者的舒适度。     

机动车可调转向管柱的结构改进

为提高驾驶的方便性和舒适性,具有调节功能的转向管柱已经逐步应用于国内汽车的转向系统中.介绍一种可调转向管柱的调节机构,并对该种设计结构和调节功能进行解析,通过对设计结构上的改进,达到了管柱保持力的提升.     

基于修正L-P模型的轮毂轴承载荷分布与弯曲疲劳寿命分析

以第三代轮毂轴承为研究对象,推导了弯矩作用下滚动体与内滚道、外滚道的接触变形与接触载荷,提出了更为准确的接触载荷分布计算模型,分析了不同工况下轮毂轴承内部接触载荷和接触角的周向分布规律。在轮毂轴承内部载荷分布的一次修正基础上,考虑不同位置角的滚道材料和滚动体的接触疲劳,利用乘积定律进行统计处理,得到了第三代轮毂轴承疲劳寿命的修正L-P模型。结合ISO281—2007寿命修正计算方法,针对润滑现象进行二次修正,得到了经过润滑修正的第三代轮毂轴承疲劳寿命模型。利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验机进行了轴承的弯曲疲劳试验,试验结果显示,该疲劳寿命模型计算得到的理论值与试验值的误差在10%以内,验证了模型的正确性。     

一种客车后独立悬架上的传动装置

客车独立悬架是把客车车身和车轮弹性地连接在一起,它是汽车上的重要总成之一。悬架的主要作用是传递作用在车轮和车身之间的一切力和力矩,比如支撑力、制动力和驱动力等,并且缓和由不平路面传给车身的冲击载荷、衰减由此引起的振动、保证乘员的舒适性、减小货物和车辆本身的动载荷,同时,其车轴被分成两段,每只车轮用螺旋弹簧独立地安装在车架(或车身)下面,当一边车轮发生跳动时,另一边车轮不受波及,客车的平稳性和舒适性好。独立悬架已成为一种发展大趋势。     

汽车人机一体化系统及其应用初探

在引用人机一体化系统思想的基础上,提出汽车人机一体化系统的概念,从新的角度分析了汽车的人机关系和人机界面的特点。初步探索了汽车人机一体化智能系统的主要特点和工作思路,给出了具体的应用实例———人机联合智能化诊断的构想,并指出了今后的发展趋势。     

基于人机工程的汽车驾驶座椅舒适性设计研究

运用人机工程学原理,对影响汽车驾驶座椅的主要因素进行了分析,在此基础上从驾驶座椅舒适性和安全性的角度出发,对座椅的主要参数,结构,材料等方面进行设计研究.在汽车驾驶座椅设计中引入数字化建模、模拟仿真试验等先进技术及手段,将是以后的发展方向.