AM60B镁合金的MgCO_3晶粒细化技术(英文)

研究以MgCO3作为AM60B镁合金晶粒细化剂的细化工艺参数对微观组织的影响,从而开发一种细化工艺,同时,讨论其相应的细化机理。结果表明,升高MgCO3的添加温度或升高浇铸温度有利于获得细晶组织;在790°C时添加,最佳的加入量为1.2%,延长在此温度的保温时间使晶粒尺寸增大;在790°C时加入1.2%MgCO3,随后保温10 min浇铸,可使晶粒尺寸从未细化的348μm减小到69μm;MgCO3与熔体中的合金元素反应所形成的Al4C3颗粒是异质形核的基底;除异质形核机理外,聚集在生长前沿的Al4C3颗粒对晶体生长的阻碍是晶粒细化的另一原因。     

MgCO3对AZ91D镁合金晶粒细化效果的研究

研究了MgCO3对AZ91D镁合金的组织的影响.利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜及其电子探针观察发现,MgCO3加入使得AZ91D镁合金的二次枝晶臂间距与晶粒尺寸显著减小,主要机理是MgCO3加入后反应生成了Al4C3、Al4C3颗粒可以作为Mg的结晶核心.通过在不同温度添加不同含量的MgCO3,在790℃时添加1.0%的MgCO3使AZ91D镁合金达到最佳细化效果.对于AZ91D合金而言,MgCO3是一种良好的晶粒细化剂.     

SiC对AM60B合金的晶粒细化效果与机理分析

研究了Sic对AM60B镁合金组织细化的影响.在不同温度下添加不同含量的Sic的研究发现,在790℃时添加0.2%Sic时AM60B合金细化效果最佳,平均晶粒度约为60-70μm.同时对细化机理进行了分析,认为Sic加入合金后释放出C原子,C与Al元素反应生成了Al4C3,为合金提供了大量异质形核,从而使合金显著细化,即相当于是一种良好的晶粒细化剂.     

Al-5C中间合金对AZ31镁合金的细化机理

采用粉末原位合成工艺制备Al-5C中间合金,研究Al-5C中间合金对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化的影响及细化机理。结果表明：Al-5C中间合金由α（Al）和 Al 4 C 3两相组成,Al 4 C 3颗粒的尺寸分布由烧结时间控制。Al-5C中间合金能显著地细化AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸,当Al-5C中间合金添加量低于2%时,随着Al-5C中间合金添加量的增加,AZ31镁合金晶粒尺寸减小。晶粒细化机理是由于 Al4C3与 Mn 反应生成的Al-C-Mn 颗粒能作为初生α-Mg晶粒的异质形核基底,从而细化晶粒。     

Al-Al_4C_3-TiC中间合金对Mg-Al系合金的晶粒细化

通过熔体原位反应法制备了一种Al-Al4C3-TiC中间合金。在该中间合金中,Al4C3颗粒被TiC颗粒包围,Al4C3颗粒和TiC颗粒尺寸分别在2.5~8.0μm和0.5~1.5μm之间。试验表明,该中间合金对AZ31有良好的细化作用。当加入1%的中间合金时,AZ31的晶粒尺寸由原来的1050μm减小到260μm。Al4C3颗粒或者Al4C3颗粒团簇充当了α-Mg的异质形核核心,这导致了明显的晶粒细化。     

MgCO3对镁合金细化机理的研究

通过金相显微镜、电子探针、扫描电镜和能谱仪等设备分析了MgCO3对AM60B合金的细化效果与机理.结果表明:MgCO3能够明显起到晶粒细化的作用,改善了实验合金的显微组织.一方面这是由于MgCO3加入合金后释放出了CO2,其中的C与Al元素反应生成了Al4C3,为合金提供了大量异质形核,从而使合金显著细化;另一方面是由于被排斥到液固界面前沿的C与Al化合物结晶时产生了富集,从而阻止了镁与铝的扩散.     

MgC03对AZ63镁合金晶粒细化工艺的研究

研究了MgCO3对AZ63镁合金晶粒细化工艺,结果表明:MgCO3对AZ63镁合金细化明显,随其加入量的增加,晶粒显著细化.当MgCO3加入量为1.2％时,晶粒最小为55μm;此外,晶粒随保温时间的延长粗化明显,但对浇注温度不敏感.     

AZ91D镁合金碳质法细化工艺及机理研究

研究了不同工艺条件下添加MgCO3对AZ91D镁合金微观组织的影响。结果表明,MgCO3是一种良好的晶粒细化剂。未经细化的AZ91D镁合金的晶粒度为180.4μm,当MgCO3加入量为1wt%、在740℃加入时,细化效果最佳,晶粒度为79.7μm。当镁合金中不含Mn时,添加含碳变质剂后无细化效果,Mn在碳质法中是不可或缺的,该元素是异质形核核心的组成元素。     

Ce和Mg-Al4C3中间合金细化AZ31B镁合金的组织

采用SEM、EDS和XRD等测试手段,研究稀土元素Ce和Mg-50Al4C3中间合金对AZ31B镁合金显微组织的细化效果.结果表明,加入0.5%的Al4C3可显著细化AZ31B镁合金的枝晶组织和晶粒尺寸;添加0.5%的Al4C3和0.3%的Ce使合金的枝晶组织和晶粒尺寸进一步细化,α-Mg的平均晶粒尺寸由基体合金的280 μm降至约50 μm,同时,β相由连续网状转变为不连续的网状和细小的粒状,且产生新相Al4Ce.通过能谱分析及面错配度计算证实,Al4C3可作为初生α-Mg晶粒的良好异质核心.加入稀土元素Ce引起合金成分过冷的增加,从而能够激活固/液界面前沿潜在的Al4C3形核,提高Al4C3的形核率.     

Al—Ti—C铝合金晶粒细化剂的研究进展

对新型铝合金晶粒细化剂Al-Ti-C的研究进展,制备方法,细化机理进行了述评。Al-Ti-C晶粒细化剂中的异持形核核心TiC有助于Al3Ti形核,而α－Al又包在Al3Ti外面,形核几率大相同添加量的Al-Ti-B,细化效果更好,异质形核核心TiC有助于Al3Ti形核,而α－Al3Ti外面,形核几率大于相同添加量的Al-Ti-B,细化效果更好。     

Grain refining technique of AM60B alloy by Al-Ti-B master alloy

The effects of grain refining parameters on grain size of AM60B magnesium alloy have been investigated using an Al-5Ti-1B master alloy as refiner; and an appropriate refining technique has been developed. The results indicate that the Al-Ti-B master alloy is an effective grain refiner for AM60B alloy and the grain size can be decreased from 348 μm to 76 μm. Raising the addition temperature or the pouring temperature is beneficial for grain refinement; while for the addition amount and holding time, there is an optimal value. The appropriate grain refining technique is that 0.3% Al-Ti-B master alloy is added at 780oC and then the melt is held for 30 min before pouring. The above phenomena can be explained by the refining mechanisms that have been proposed from the related studies on Al and Mg alloys and theoretical analysis.     

Al4 C3细化AZ91合金晶粒的现象和机理

通过向熔体中直接添加Al4C3颗粒,研究了Al4C3对AZ91合金的晶粒细化现象和机理的影响.结果表明,Al4C3颗粒对AZ91合金的晶粒细化效果与孕育参数直接相关,孕育温度越高孕育时间越久,Al4C3的细化效果越明显.研究发现,实验添加的Al4C3颗粒并没有直接成为镁的晶核,而是被推开到了晶粒生长界面前沿,Al4C3的细化作用主要是因为Al4C3发生了微量的溶解,从而向熔体中提供了碳,碳的存在对熔体起到了碳质孕育法处理的作用.     

Effect of limestone ores on grain refinement of as-cast commercial AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement of the as-cast AZ31 alloys by limestone particles was investigated by grain refining tests and microstructure observations. The results show that the limestone particles have a good grain refining potency, which is deeply related to the addition level of limestone and melting temperature. The optimal addition level and melting temperature are 2.0% (mass fraction) and 720 °C, respectively. The average grain size of AZ31 alloy is reduced from (556±60) to (236±22) μm. The sound grain refining by raw limestone particles has a good anti-fading capacity without any significant grain coarsening in a 40 min holding time. The concerned grain refining mechanism should be attributed to the inoculated Al-C and Al-C/Al-Mn-(Fe) nuclei. Ultrasonic treatment can enhance the grain refining efficiency of limestone particles through cavitation-enhanced nucleation mechanism.     

Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝的晶粒细化作用

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金线对纯铝进行细化试验,研究了熔体静置时间、合金线添加量以及添加温度对晶粒细化效果的影响。结果表明,熔体静置时间为5min时,合金线的细化效果较好,静置时间在120min之内,细化效果未出现明显衰退现象;随着合金线添加量的增加,细化后纯铝的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小;细化温度为700～730℃时,Al-5Ti-1B合金线具有较好的细化效果,温度为690℃时,晶粒局部粗大,温度为740℃时,细化后纯铝晶粒尺寸较大。     

浇注温度和细化剂对半固态A356合金组织的影响

采用低温铸造和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料,研究了浇注温度和细化剂(Al-5Ti-1B)添加量对半固态坯料组织的影响。结果表明,随着浇注温度从715℃降到635℃,α-Al晶粒形貌从树枝晶向蔷薇状形态再到等轴晶组织变化,浇注温度越低,晶粒越细小圆整。当浇注温度降到615℃时,晶粒开始出现粗化和不均匀。在相同温度下,随着晶粒细化剂添加量的增加,晶粒更加细小,但细化效果随着添加量的增加变得不明显。当浇注温度低于635℃时添加细化剂,晶粒尺寸和形貌无明显变化。低过热度浇注和晶粒细化复合工艺制备A356合金半固态坯料的最佳工艺条件是:浇注温度为635~655℃,细化剂添加量为0.1%~0.2%。     

Sr对碳质孕育Mg-3%Al合金熔体中Fe致晶核毒化与衰退的抑制作用

利用碳和Sr对Mg-3%Al(质量分数)合金进行复合孕育处理,引入杂质Fe并调整孕育保温时间,研究杂质Fe对孕育细化效果和晶核结构特性的影响。结果表明:碳和Sr复合孕育可有效细化Mg-3%Al合金,杂质Fe添加及添加顺序对孕育效果影响较小,长时间保温后晶粒尺寸略有增大。延长保温时间至80 min,晶粒尺寸最大从560μm一直稳定在100~130μm之间,其细化率保持稳定,变化幅度不大。Sr存在可有效抑制Fe对碳质孕育细化效果的粗化和加速孕育衰退的不利影响。晶核结构观测表明孕育合金中主要存在Al4C3颗粒和Al-Fe相表面包覆Al4C3相的双相颗粒,两者均可以作为α-Mg晶粒的有效形核核心。Sr易于朝颗粒表面偏聚和富集,从而降低颗粒表面能和相间的界面能,促进双相结构颗粒的生成,并可抑制晶核组分和结构变化,提高晶核结构稳定性,从而有效抑制晶核毒化和孕育衰退。     

Response of an Al—Cr alloy towards grain refinement by Al—5Ti-1B master alloy

Grain refining of an Al–2%Cr alloy by Al–5Ti-1B master alloy (5/1 TiBAl) has been studied as a function of the addition rate of the grain refiner in the range 0.2–1.2% and holding times up to 120 minutes. This study revealed that an effective grain refinement of Al–2%Cr requires a minimum addition of 1.2% grain refiner as against the 0.2% which is normally required for most of the conventional Al alloys. The work further revealed that the effect of grain refiner starts fading after holding the melt for about 5 minutes, irrespective of the addition rate of grain refiner. The formation of complex aluminides in the presence of Cr seems to be the primary reason for the poor grain refining response of this alloy at low addition rates of grain refiner. At high addition rates, the better grain refining behaviour of the present alloy was found to be essentially due to the availability of finer unreacted nucleating sites (TiAl₃ and TiB₂).     

冷轧变形量和退火制度对超快速加热下5083铝合金晶粒尺寸的影响

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟系统和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对5083铝合金的超快速退火组织演变规律进行研究,探讨了快速加热速度、退火温度及冷轧变形量对5083铝合金晶粒尺寸的影响。结果表明,5083铝合金经80%的冷轧变形后分别以25、250、500℃/s的加热速度升温至450℃保温3s后以40℃/s冷却时,平均晶粒尺寸随加热速度的增加由7.43μm细化至4.98μm。5083铝合金经80%冷轧变形后在不同退火温度(350、400、420、450和500℃)下进行超快速退火(加热速度500℃/s,保温时间3 s,冷却速度40℃/s)后,所得晶粒尺寸先减小再增大,在420℃退火时,晶粒尺寸达到最小,为4.82μm。再结晶晶粒尺寸受晶界迁移速率和形核率的耦合作用,在350~420℃超快速退火时,由于快速加热使形核率急剧增大,而形核温度较低,使晶界迁移速率较小,导致晶界迁移速率小于形核率,因而再结晶晶粒尺寸由5.23μm细化至4.82μm;在420~500℃超快速退火时,形核温度变高,晶界迁移速率快速增大,则晶界迁移速率大于形核率,使合金晶粒由4.82μm粗化至6.20μm,420℃是5083铝合金晶界迁移速率和形核率之间竞争的一个临界点。5083铝合金经50%、60%、71.4%、80%和87.5%的冷轧变形后以500℃/s的超快速加热速度升温至450℃保温3 s后以40℃/s冷却,所得平均晶粒尺寸分别为7.94、6.82、6.03、4.98和4.84μm,随轧制变形量的增大晶粒尺寸减小,但是冷轧制变量达到80%以后再进行超快速退火晶粒尺寸减小不明显。     

Effect of Al5Ti1B master alloy on microstructures and properties of AZ61 alloys

AZ61 alloys with different levels of Al5Ti1B master alloy additions were prepared by conventional casting method.The effects of Al5Ti1B contents and holding time on microstructures and microhardness of AZ61 alloys were studied by XRD,OM and microhardness testing techniques.The results show that when the addition level of Al5Ti1B master alloy is less than 0.5%(mass fraction),the average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of Al5Ti1B content at the same holding time.But the grain size increases somewhat with further addition of Al5Ti1B.The average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of the holding time as it is less than 30 min at the same addition level of Al5Ti1B.It is considered that TiB2 particles can serve as the heterogeneous nucleation sites ofα-Mg during solidification,and heterogeneous nucleation is the main reason for the grain refinement of AZ61 alloys.The microhardness of the refined AZ61 alloys with 1.0%Al5Ti1B addition is increased by about 8%.