Supercapacitor characteristic of La-doped Ni(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript> prepared by electrode-position

Samples of lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide were prepared by electrodeposition method. The structure and electrochemical properties of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and a home-made open three-electrode cell system, respectively. The results show that the deposition process of Ni(OH)₂ and La(OH)₃ is mainly controlled by electrochemical polarization, which makes it easy to form uniform fine crystals. In addition, La(OH)₃ is not a separate phase and lanthanum ions are doped into Ni(OH)₂ crystal lattices. When V(0.5 mol/L Ni(NO₃)₂)/V(0.25 mol/L La(NO₃)₃) was 9:1, the lanthanum-doped nickel hydroxide reached the highest discharge capability of 840 F/g with a good cyclic reversibility. The capability still retains 670 F/g when the discharge current reaches 1000 mA/g.     

Electrochemical fabrication of a porous nanostructured nickel hydroxide film electrode with superior pseudocapacitive performance

A porous nickel film is prepared by selectively anodic dissolution of copper from an electrodeposited Ni-Cu alloy film. A porous nanostructured nickel hydroxide film electrode is further fabricated by the cathodic electrodeposition of Ni(OH)₂ film on the obtained porous nickel film. The specific capacitances of the as-prepared porous nanostructured Ni(OH)₂ film electrode at current densities of 2, 5 and 10 A/g are 1634, 1563 and 1512 F/g, respectively. The nanoporous Ni substrate significantly improves the electrochemically cyclic stability of the electrodeposited nickel hydroxide film in 1.0 M KOH solution. The superior pseudocapacitive properties such as large specific capacitance, excellent rate capability and improved electrochemically cyclic stability of the as-prepared nickel hydroxide electrode suggest its potential application in electrochemical capacitors.     

Thin-layer electrolytic nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 in an electrochemical capacitor

Thin-layer electrolytic nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)₂ has been obtained from an aqueous solution of nickel sulfate and nickel nitrate. The capacitor characteristics of Ni(OH)₂ depending on the synthesis and technology parameters, the thermal treatment and storage conditions of the deposits, the KOH concentration, the potential sweep rates, and the relation with the adverse process of oxygen isolation in an electrochemical capacitor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. It was established that the optimal KOH concentration in the solution of an electrochemical capacitor is 0.1 M, and it allows one to attain an active material discharge capacitance of 427?C457 F/g. The additional anode polarization of cathode deposited Ni(OH)₂ stabilizes the discharge characteristics of the obtained Ni(OH)₂ + NiO mixture in storage processes. It was established that the mass transport process in the solid state phase is the limiting stage of the Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH system??s electrode process in a KOH medium.     

废镍催化剂回收制备纤维状氢氧化镍

研究从废旧镍催化剂中回收镍以制备氢氧化镍。采用酸浸法,在90℃下用1mol／L硫酸浸没废镍催化剂,从中提取镍。向净化后的含镍溶液中加入NaOH,分别采用3种不同的方法,即尿素水解、传统方法和水热方法制得3种不同的氢氧化镍,分别命名为Ni（OH）2-U,Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2-H。与传统方法相比,采用水热方法制得的氢氧化镍具有更好的结晶度。Ni（OH）2-C和Ni（OH）2·H都含有β-Ni（OH）2与a-Ni（OH）2·0．75H20的混合相,而Ni（OH）2．U只含有a-Ni（OH）2．0．75H20相。TEM观察显示Ni（OH）2-U样品具有棒状结构。在这3种样品中,Ni（OH）2-U表现出最好的电化学活性。     

Application of spherical Ni（OH）2/CNTs composite electrode in asymmetric supercapacitor

1 Introduction Electrochemical capacitors (hereafter ECs) have greater power density than usual batteries and can be deeply discharged without any deleterious effect on life time[1]. Activated carbon(AC) with various modifications is the electrode materia…     

一种新颖、环境友好和简易的实现氧化性能量在氢氧化镍膜电极中储存的新方法(英文)

采用多种电化学方法研究了一种由氢氧化镍膜电极和氧还原电极组成的电化学电池体系的氧化性能量储存行为。应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析方法表征样品的结构和表面形貌。研究发现,当耦合体系中阴极电解液的氧含量较高或pH值较低时,可以明显改善氧化性能量在氢氧化镍膜电极中的储存。氧化?放电循环测试结果表明,在采用1.0mol/LNa2SO4(pH=2)作为阴极电解液的耦合体系中氧化处理600s后,氢氧化镍膜电极在第1次和第12次循环后的放电容量分别为79.0和97.9mC/cm2。这表明设计的氧化性能量储存和转换体系具有优异的电化学可逆性。     

碳纳米管对LaNi5稀土合金电化学性能的影响

采用LaNi5稀土合金作为催化剂，用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备了碳纳米管。研究了含有5％碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金电极样品的电化学性能。测定了碳纳米管电极的电化学储氢性能。实验发现：含有碳纳米管的LaNi5稀土合金的电化学放电容量更高，当放电电流密度为100mA／g时，其电化学储氢量高达385mAh／g。其循环寿命也得到了较大改善。循环100次，放电容量仅下降15％。     

Study on the Performances of Nickel Hydroxide Coated with Ytterbium Hydroxide at High-Temperature

在氢氧化镍表面包覆氢氧化镱和氢氧化钴并用XRD、XPS、SEM和恒电流充放电技术进行表征。结果表明:β-Ni(OH)2为六方晶型,Co的存在形式主要为Co2+及有少量的Co3+。样品表面Co和Ni原子比大于8:1。65℃下0.2、1和3C恒电流充放电时,表面包覆2%Yb(OH)3的样品放电容量和活性物质利用率最大。65℃时经过30次充放电循环后,在不同的充放电倍率下,表面包覆不同量Yb(OH)3的氢氧化镍的放电循环稳定性和放电容量随着Yb(OH)3含量的增加而增大。     

非晶态氢氧化镍材料电极理论放电容量估算

采用微乳液快速冷冻沉淀法制备出非晶态氢氧化镍，将其粉体制成微电极作为研究电极，并以Pt电极作为辅助电极，Hg·HgO电极作为参比电极构成三电极体系。通过对非晶态氢氧化镍样品电极过程极化曲线的测试，计算其交换电流密度和极限电流密度，并根据计算结果，估算出非晶态氢氧化镍作为电极活性材料在充放电过程中电极反应转移电子数近似为1．35，理论放电比容量为393．26mAh／g，表明具有较高的电化学容量。     

Mg-Ni-Y-La非晶合金微观结构转变及电化学性能研究（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用铜模喷铸法制备了Mg60Ni23.6Y0.5La15.9块体非晶合金,并对其微观组织结构及电化学性能进行了研究。用XRD和SEM对Mg60Ni23.6Y0.5La15.9非晶合金在充放电过程中的微观结构进行分析。采用自动充放电测试系统对Mg60Ni23.6Y0.5La15.9非晶合金电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明:在吸氢放氢过程中合金的非晶态结构逐步转变为晶态,并且随着循环的进行逐渐形成了Mg2Ni H4、Mg2Ni和Mg(OH)2相。电化学性能测试结果表明:Mg60Ni23.6Y0.5La15.9非晶合金电极的放电容量变化过程可以分为4个阶段,其最大放电容量达到410.5m Ah/g,从而说明非晶结构有可能是非晶电极达到最大放电容量的关键因素。     

Electrochemical performance of multiphase nickel hydroxide

The high density nano-crystalline multiphase nickel hydroxide containing at least three doping elements was synthesized and its electrochemical characteristics were studied. The electrochemical behavior of the high density spherical multiphases α-Ni（OH）2 were also investigated. The results show that the structure of the material is a mixed phase of α-Ni（OH）2 and β-Ni（OH）2, which has a the same stabilized structure as α-Ni（OH）2 during long-term charge/discharge process. High density spherical multiphases α-Ni（OH）2 have a much better redox reversibility, a much lower oxidation potential of Ni（ Ⅱ） than the corresponding oxidation state in the case of β-Ni（OH）2, and a much higher reduction potential. They exchange one electron during electrochemical reaction and have a higher proton diffusion coefficient. The mechanism of the electrode reaction is proton diffusion, and the proton diffusion coefficient is 5.67×10^-10 cm^2/s. Moreover, they reveal a higher discharge capacity than β-Ni（OH）2/β-NiOOH because they exchange one electron per nickel atom during charge/discharge process.     

Effects of electrolyte components on properties of Al alloy anode

The effects of Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+In(OH)3 on the properties of Al alloy anode were studied in alkaline medium at 25 ℃. The self-corrosion rate of Al alloy anode was studied by method of H2 immersed in aqueous medium, and the electrochemical properties of Al alloy anode were tested via galvanostatic discharge and dynamic potential methods. The results show that the self-corrosion rate of Al alloy anode in 4 mol/L NaOH+3 mol/L NaAlO2 medium can be minimized by adding Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+ In(OH)3. Na2SnO3, In(OH)3 and Na2SnO3+In(OH)3 make Al anodic potential shift positively in galvanostatic discharging. The most effective additive of Al alloy anode in 4 mol/L NaOH+3 mol/L NaAlO2 medium is 0.075 mol/L Na2SnO3+0.005 mol/L In(OH)3, integrating self-corrosion rate and electrochemical properties.     

B参杂对NiO/Ni(OH)2电极材料电容性能的影响

通过化学镀再电化学氧化的方法在铜片表面制备出带有微米微坑和微米微球的均一NiO/Ni(OH)₂和B参杂的NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)两种电极材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学技术对所制备的两种电极材料进行表征和电化学性能测试。SEM、XRD和XPS的测试结果表明, 所制备的两种电极材料由Ni、NiO和Ni(OH)₂组成,并且NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)中B的参杂量可达14.6wt%。循环伏安测量和恒电流充放电试验表明,两种电极材料均具有较高的电化学活性和可逆性;在1 A/g的充放电电流密度下, 两种NiO/Ni(OH)₂和NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料经历10000次充放电循环后分别给出了1380 和1930F/g的比电容, 显示出较高的比电容特性和良好的电化学稳定性;电化学阻抗谱表明NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料较NiO/Ni(OH)₂电化学反应电阻降低了约2个数量级;Ragone曲线揭示了所制备的两种电极材料具有较高的功率密度和较低的能量密度。B的参杂使得NiO/Ni(OH)₂(B)电极材料表面氧化物含量增大并且形成微米微球形貌,增大了电极表面积以及与电解液的接触和润湿作用,降低了电极材料表面能带带隙能,从而导致较小的电化学反应电阻和电导率的提高是其显示优异赝电容性能的主要原因。     

高容量正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2的合成及电化学性能

以LiOH.H2O、Ni(OH)2和Mn3O4为原料,采用固相法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对所得样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并测试了该材料的倍率性能和高低温性能。结果表明:900℃下烧结10 h后可获得晶粒细小均匀的层状Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2材料,并具有良好的电化学性能,放电容量最高可达235.9 mA.h/g;在50℃下测试时该材料的放电容量高达284.4 mA.h/g,并表现出良好的循环性能,其倍率性能和低温性能还有待进一步改善。     

Effect of preparation conditions on properties of Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)2 prepared by homogeneous precipitation

Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)2 was synthesized under different reaction conditions by a homogeneous precipitation method. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time, Ni and Al ions concentration and reagent ratio on the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of Al-substituted α-Ni(OH)2 was studied. The Alsubstituted α-Ni(OH)2 samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry(XRD), infrared spectrometry(FT-IR),inductively coupled plasma(ICP), thermogravimetry(TG) and electrochemical test. The results reveal that the physico-chemical properties and electrochemical performance of the sample are influenced strongly by the preparation conditions. Keeping reaction temperature at 100 or 104 ℃ is appropriate and the largest specific discharge capacity of creases slightly. It is appropriate that the Ni and Al ions concentration and the ratio of urea to Ni and Al ions are 0.42 mol/L and 0.75: 1, respectively.     

The electrochemical hydrogen storage of CNTs synthesized by CVD using LaNi5 alloy particles as catalyst and treated with different temperature in nitrogen

The multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using LaNi₅ alloy particles as catalyst. The effect of 40–60 nm MWNTs treated with different temperature in nitrogen on the electrochemical properties of CNTs–Ni electrode were investigated. Three-electrode system was introduced for testing electrochemical hydrogen storage of the electrode. The CNTs–Ni electrodes were used as the working electrode, which were prepared by mixing MWNTs and Ni powder in a weight ratio of 1:10 (MWNTs:Ni). Ni(OH)₂/NiOOH worked as the counter electrode and Hg/HgO as the reference electrode. A 6 mol/L KOH solution acted as the electrolyte. MWNTs treated with different temperature in nitrogen ambient represented a great discrepancy in the electrochemical hydrogen storage capability under the same testing condition. The CNTs–Ni electrodes with 40–60 nm diameter CNTs which were treated in a temperature of 800 °C in nitrogen has the best electrochemical hydrogen storage capacity of 588.1 mAh/g and a corresponding discharging plateau voltage of 1.18 V. From 500 to 800 °C, the higher temperature the MWNTs treated, the better the electrochemical hydrogen storage property of them is. This shows that the temperature of treatment is an important factor that influences electrochemical hydrogen storage performance of MWNTs.     

双氧水水热处理泡沫镍制备 Ni(OH) 2 自集流超级电容器电极材料

目的寻找一种简便、价廉、对环境友好的方法制备具有高比容、长寿命的Ni(OH)2自集流超级电容器电极材料。方法采用水热法(15%(质量分数)的H2O2溶液,180℃,24 h)直接在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长Ni(OH)2,并对其形貌、组成以及电化学性能进行研究。结果通过双氧水水热处理,可以在泡沫镍集流体上原位生长出边长400~600nm、厚度约200nm的Ni(OH)2六边形片,此为六方晶的β-Ni(OH)2。该电极材料在2mol/LKOH溶液中的最高比容为2534F/g(扫速1mV/s),且循环1000圈后,比容值仍保持在91%以上(扫速为50mV/s)。结论该制备方法简单价廉,对环境友好,制得的电极材料具有自支撑、自集流的特点,且具有优异的电化学性能和良好的循环稳定性。     

Mn-substituted nickel hydroxide prepared by ball milling and its electrochemical properties

In order to reduce the price of nickel hydroxide and extend the application of nickel based alkaline secondary batteries, Mn substituted nickel hydroxide (Ni_1−xMn_x(OH)₂, x = 0-0.4) was prepared by using a simple ball milling method in this paper. The optimal ball milling conditions were obtained for the preparation of Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂. The results of X-ray diffraction, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge-discharge tests indicated that (i) a structure of β-Ni(OH)₂ was maintained for Ni_1−xMn_x(OH)₂; (ii) the surface electrochemical activity of nickel hydroxide could be effectively improved by Mn substitution; (iii) capacity of Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂ reached 282 mA h/g and it showed an excellent cycling durability; (iv) compared to no-substituted nickel hydroxide, Ni_0.8Mn_0.2(OH)₂ showed a decrease both in charge-discharge plateau and capacity; but with the increase of discharge rate, the difference in discharge plateau between them was smaller, and capacity of the latter exceeded the former.     

Charge-discharge process of MnO2 supercapacitor

Mechanochemical synthesis of α-MnO2 was carried out with KMnO4 and Mn（CH3COO）2 in 1：1 mole ratio. The electrochemical performance of MnO2 electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammograms and alternating current impedance. The charge-discharge process of MnO2 supercapacitor in 6 mol/L KOH was studied within 1.2 V at 200 mA/g, suggesting that it displays double-layer capacibility in low potential scope and pseudo-capacitance properties in high potential scope. It is found that Mn3O4, an electrochemical inert, mainly forms in the initial 40 charge-discharge cycles. During cycling, the pseudo-capacitance properties disappear and the discharge curves are close to ideal ones, indicating double-layer capability. The maximum capacitance of MnO2 electrode is as high as 416 F/g, and retains 240 F/g after 200 cycles. The equivalent series resistance increases from 17 to 41Ω.     

EFFECT OF ELECTROLESS PLATING COBALT UPON CHARACTERISTICS OF NICKEL HYDROXIDE ELECTRODE FOR RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE BATTERIES

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