第二相粒子形状对晶粒长大的元胞自动机仿真的影响

在正常晶粒长大元胞自动机模型的基础上添加圆形、正方形以及针形第二相粒子,并且对含有不同形状第二相粒子的晶粒长大过程进行仿真模拟和定量分析.模拟结果表明:第二相粒子对基体组织有钉扎作用,粒子面积分数越大,粒子总体钉扎作用越强;当第二相粒子面积分数较小时,针形第二相粒子的钉扎作用强于圆形和正方形第二相粒子;随着第二相粒子面积分数的增加,晶粒长大受第二相形状的影响逐渐减小;第二相粒子面积分数足够大时,不同形状的第二相粒子对晶粒长大的钉扎作用没有明显差别.     

单一晶粒长大过程的元胞自动机模拟

基于Moore型邻居及其相关转换准则的元胞自动机,分别对与多个晶粒相邻的单一正四边形、六边形、八边形小晶粒在晶粒长大过程中的形态变化进行模拟。结果表明：单一小晶粒形态变化规律与总体晶粒形态变化规律一致,即随着晶粒长大过程的延长,晶界边数大于6的晶粒会不断长大且边数趋于6;晶界边数小于6的晶粒则不断变小直至消失。所用模型具有较好的物理机制,可以模拟材料晶粒长大过程。     

第二相粒子尺寸对基体晶粒长大影响的仿真研究

根据第二相粒子与基体晶界交互作用的微观物理基础,建立了复相材料晶粒长大的三维图象的仿真方法,设计了含有相同体积分数,不同尺寸第二相粒子的复相体系,并全程仿真了三维复相材料的晶粒长大过程,对粒子尺寸影响基体粒长大的直接观察和定量分析表明,粒子尺寸越大,晶界的“脱钉”趋势越弱,晶粒长大到达停滞状态所经历的时间越长,停滞状态下基体晶粒尺寸越大且尺寸分布的均匀性越近,极限晶粒尺寸与粒子尺寸之间并不存在简单     

应用元胞自动机模型模拟析出相对材料晶粒长大的影响

为了探讨元胞自动机(CA)方法模拟析出相粒子对材料晶粒长大过程影响的应用,在现有晶粒长大CA模型的基础上,综合应用曲率驱动机制和能量驱动机制,建立了适合于含有析出相粒子材料和具有新转变规则的晶粒长大模型,应用该模型对含有不同体积分数析出相粒子的材料晶粒长大过程进行了仿真模拟和定量分析。结果表明:所建模型能够较准确地反映析出相粒子对晶粒长大过程影响的基本规律,且更加敏感地反映了析出相粒子体积分数对晶粒长大过程的影响;随着析出相粒子体积分数的逐渐增加,晶界脱钉现象不易发生且晶粒长大指数不断减小。     

第二相颗粒对多晶材料晶粒生长影响的元胞自动机(CA)模拟

采用Moore型邻域定义的元胞自动机模型模拟研究第二相颗粒对多晶材料晶粒生长的影响.结果表明:第二相颗粒的体积分数及尺寸对基体晶粒组织特征的影响很大;第二相颗粒含量增加可以提高晶粒尺寸分布的均匀性,而颗粒尺寸增大则导致晶粒尺寸分布的均匀性降低.通过对模拟数据的回归分析获得极限晶粒尺寸(D)与颗粒尺寸(d)和颗粒含量(f)之间的关系;不同的颗粒尺寸(d)对应不同的拟合指数(n).     

LZ50钢奥氏体晶粒长大的元胞自动机模拟

基于晶粒长大的热力学机制、曲率驱动机制和能量耗散机制,制定了能够反映晶粒长大物理机制的元胞转变规则,建立了模拟LZ50钢晶粒正常长大的CA模型。采用该模型模拟了高温奥氏体化晶粒正常长大过程,分析了晶粒正常长大过程CA模拟结果的形态学、动力学和拓扑学等典型特征。模拟结果较准确的反映了晶粒正常长大规律,表明CA法是一种行之有效的模拟方法。     

相场法模拟球形和盘形第二相粒子对晶粒长大的影响

利用相场法模型,模拟研究含不同尺寸和面积分数的球形和盘形粒子的二维系统中晶粒的长大特征,揭示第二相粒子对晶粒长大的影响规律.结果表明:初始阶段晶粒长大符合长大指数n 为0.3～0.4的指数长大规律,其n与系统单位面积所含的粒子数量密切相关;晶粒长大过程中绝大多数粒子位于晶界处,其最终的平均晶粒半径可以用Zener关系表示;当粒子尺寸和面积分数一定时,粒子的形状对晶粒的长大过程没有明显影响.     

第二相粒子含量对基体晶粒长大影响的计算机仿真研究

利用作者自行开发和改良的ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ计算机仿真算法,对含不同数量第二相粒子的虚拟材料基体中三维晶粒长大过程的影响进行了仿真和定量分析。结果表明,随粒子体积分数增另,晶粒长大指数下降,停滞状态的晶粒尺寸分布宽度减小,通过计算机仿真获得了极限晶粒尺寸和粒子参量间的定量关系,并由几何模型给出了证明,与文献中已有理论模型,计算机仿真及实验结果进行的比较分析表明,本文所得结果与实测结果符合得更好。     

相场法模拟多个空间取向的棒状第二相粒子对晶粒长大的影响

采用相场法研究多个空间取向的棒状第二相粒子以及圆形第二相粒子对基体晶粒长大的影响.结果表明:在晶粒长大过程中,绝大部分棒状第二相粒子位于晶界处并与晶界方向一致,圆形第二相粒子大多位于三晶交点处;第二相粒子表现出强烈的钉扎晶界的作用,极限晶粒半径可以用Zener关系表示;在第二相粒子面积分数和粒子尺寸相同的情况下,当第二相粒子面积分数较小(＜5%)时,棒状与圆形第二相粒子对晶粒长大的钉扎作用没有明显差别;当粒子面积分数较大(＞5%)时,棒状第二相的钉扎效果好于圆形第二相的钉扎效果.     

基于曲率驱动机制的晶粒生长元胞自动机模型

结合晶粒生长的统计分忻理论和概率性转变觇则，建立了基于曲率驱动机制的晶粒正常生长的二维元胞自动模型，该模型的一个显著特点是晶粒生长速率和晶界曲率(1／RC-1／R)之间满足线性关系，而传统的元胞自动机模型则难以满足这种线性关系模拟结果比较全面地反映了等温条件下晶粒正常生长的各种现象：平均晶粒面积与时间的关系，晶粒尺寸、晶粒边数的分布规律及其时间不变性，晶粒边数与尺寸的关系，以及晶粒生长速率与晶粒尺寸和曲率的关系等．模拟结果与晶粒生长的动力学理论预测相符合。     

Sintering of particles of different sizes

A computer simulation study of the sintering process of cylindrical particles is presented following an earlier work by Pan et al. [Pan J, Le H, Kucherenko S, Yeomans JA. A model for the sintering of spherical particles of different sizes by solid state diffusion. Acta Metall 1998;46:4671–90]. The current paper focuses on the effect that the size of the particles has on the sintering kinetics. The computer simulation revealed a sophisticated behaviour for this apparently well-understood problem. Firstly, it is shown that a smaller particle can grow temporarily at the expense of its larger neighbours, in contradiction to conventional wisdom. There are two conditions for this to happen: (a) the particles must be nano-sized and (b) the smaller particle must be placed between two larger neighbours. Secondly, a pair of nanoparticles of different size can separate from each other in the later stage of their co-sintering process. Thirdly, the extent to which particles approach each other is strongly influenced by degree of constraint that the particles are subjected to by the neighbouring particles. This sophisticated behaviour revealed by the computer simulation questions the relevance of the oversimplistic sintering models to a real powder compact.     

Effect of second phase particles on grain refinement during equal-channel angular pressing of an Al-Mg-Mn alloy

The process of grain refinement under severe plastic deformation was examined in an Al-5.4% Mg-0.5% Mn-0.1% Zr alloy, which was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) in the strain interval from 1 to 12 at a temperature of ∼300 °C. It was shown that the size and distribution of the second phase particles precipitated under homogenization annealing strongly affect grain refinement. Extensive grain refinement under ECAP was provided by a dispersion of Al₆Mn particles with an average size of ∼25 nm that precipitated during the homogenization annealing at an intermediate temperature. The fully recrystallized structure with an average crystallite size of ∼0.55 μm evolves through continuous dynamic recrystallization. In contrast, homogenization annealing at a high temperature leads to the formation of coarse Al₆Mn particles with a plate-like shape. Under further ECAP, the formation of coarse recrystallized grains takes place in this material due to the discontinuous growth of recrystallized grains during the inter-pass annealing between the ECAP passes. The role of second phases in grain refinement is discussed in terms of pinning and driving forces for recrystallization.     

不同晶粒度硬质合金的磨削性能研究

本文通过磨削试验,从磨削功率、磨削比、磨削表面光洁度等方面研究了粗晶、细晶、超细晶粒三种含Co量相同的K类硬质合金的磨削性能。研究结果表明,上述三种硬质合金在各磨削参数相同的情况下,所消耗的磨削力、磨削能随硬质合金晶粒尺寸的增加而增大。同一砂轮对上述硬质合金的磨削比随晶粒尺寸的增加而增大。在磨料粒度与硬质合金粒度相当时,所加工表面的月。值随WC晶粒度的变粗而变差．     

第二相粒子在Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr合金局部腐蚀中的作用机制

基于原位腐蚀观察方法,采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)、盐水浸泡实验等研究Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr合金在3.5%NaCl(质量分数)溶液中的腐蚀机理,探讨不同第二相在合金局部腐蚀中的作用机制。结果表明,合金腐蚀初期表现出典型的点蚀特征,富Gd和富Y粒子作为阴极相导致边缘基体相α-Mg的优先溶解,富Zr粒子中的Mg和边缘α-Mg都优先发生腐蚀,且腐蚀源的具体位置与第二相粒子和基体表面间的方位有关。在局部腐蚀过程中,具有更高稀土或锆含量的第二相微区表现出更好的耐蚀性能。此外,在第二相密集分布的区域,第二相粒子充当腐蚀屏障,使微区的耐蚀性能提高。     

不同晶粒尺寸的Cu-40Ni合金在酸性介质中的耐蚀性能

采用电弧熔炼(CA)和机械合金化(MA)通过热压烧结工艺制备了晶粒尺寸差别较大的Cu-40Ni合金,借助于PARM273A和M5210电化学综合测量仪,利用动电位扫描法和交流阻抗技术对比研究了上述合金在酸性介质中的腐蚀电化学性能以及腐蚀机理。结果表明:随着H 浓度的增加,CA Cu-40Ni合金的自腐蚀电位负移,而MA Cu-40Ni合金则正移,两种合金的动电位扫描极化曲线均未出现钝化现象;随着H 浓度的增加,CA Cu-40Ni合金的极化电阻增大,腐蚀电流减小,合金的耐蚀性能增加,而MA Cu-40Ni合金的极化电阻减小,腐蚀电流增加,合金的耐蚀性能降低。两种合金的交流阻抗谱均由双容抗弧组成,腐蚀过程受电化学反应控制。晶粒细化后,合金中存在大量晶界,参与腐蚀反应的活性原子数增加,促使MA Cu-40Ni合金的腐蚀速度高于CA Cu-40Ni合金。     

Damaging of cemented carbide end mill with different grain sizes: experimental and simulation

The main purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of the size of WC grains on the damage evolution of WC-Co junk mills.The finite element met...     

Pinning effect of second-phase particles on grain growth in polycrystalline films studied by 3-D phase field simulations

Three-dimensional simulations of grain growth in thin films containing finely dispersed second-phase particles were performed using a phase field model. The simulations show that although the growth behavior of the columnar grain structures in thin films is essentially two-dimensional, the interaction between the particles and the grain boundaries is three-dimensional. Grain boundaries can therefore more easily break free from the particles than in purely two-dimensional systems, resulting in fewer grain boundary–particle intersections and a larger final grain size. For a given volume fraction f_V and size of the particles r, the final grain size ${\overline{R}}_{\text{lim}}$ increases with film thickness. Moreover, it was found that particles located in the middle of the film are most efficient in pinning grain boundaries. A classical Zener type relation ${\overline{R}}_{\text{lim}}/r=K(1/f_{\text{V}}^b)$ cannot describe these effects.     

正常晶粒长大的计算机模拟(Ⅱ)--第二相粒子形状及取向的影响

采用改进的跃迁概率和MonteCarlo加速算法,模拟了第二相粒子不同形状及其取向对基体晶粒长大的影响.模拟结果表明:针状粒子钉轧晶界的效果好于球状粒子,但随着第二相面积分数fA的增加,晶粒平均尺寸受第二相形状的影响逐渐减小,而晶粒形态受到的影响逐渐增强;取向对基体晶粒长大没有明显影响.     

Simulation of grain growth in thin films with columnar microstructure

Grain growth in films on substrates was simulated under the suppositions that (1) all the grain boundaries have identical energy and mobility, (2) all the grains are columnar and differ in their diameter only, and (3) the growth process is inhibited by a constant drag force depending on the film thickness. The character of grain growth depends on the ratio of the most probable grain diameter in the initial microstructure to the film thickness. In the case when the ratio corresponds to that observed experimentally, the growth process evolves as abnormal grain growth (AG). It has been demonstrated for the first time that the AG process can develop in the absence of an additional driving force. The cessation of AG, when the fine-grained matrix is still present, was shown to result from the exhaustion of relatively small grains that could be consumed. The additional driving force resulting from a decreased surface energy of some grains leads to an increase of the volume fraction of abnormally large grains and to texture amplification. Texture development during grain growth can also take place in the absence of any additional driving force. Intensification of the AG results in texture enhancement.