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1.
Bismuth molybdate (Bi2MoO6) nanoplates have been successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process. The nanoplates were characterized by X-ray
diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, and IR
spectroscopy. The effects of hydrothermal temperature and reaction time on the structures and morphologies of the nanoplates
were investigated. On the basis of TEM observation of time series samples, a possible formation mechanism of the nanoplates
was proposed. Optical absorption experiments revealed that Bi2MoO6 nanoplates had absorption in visible-light region, but a blue shift appeared compared with the corresponding bulk materials.
Photocatalytic experiments showed that the nanoplates exhibited good photocatalytic activities for degradation of N,N,N′,N′-tetraethylated rhodamine (RhB) under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). 相似文献
2.
Xiangdong Tao Ran Zhang Zhengguo Gao Toshifumi Satoh Toyoji Kakuchi Qian Duan 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(19):6396-6401
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with aromatic end groups (Ar-PNIPAM) were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide in isopropanol using phenyl 2-chloropropionate, (4′-phenyl)phenyl 2-chloropropionate, and (2′,6′-diphenyl)phenyl
2-chloropropionate as initiators and CuCl/tris(2-dimethylaminoethyl)amine (Me6TREN) as a catalytic system. The resulting polymers had narrow polydispersity index of 1.10–1.14 and molecular weights of
3700–4600 g mol−1. Then, novel functional complexes of Ar-PNIPAM, Europium(III) (Eu(III)), and α-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) (Ar-PNIPAM/Eu(III)/TTA)
with thermosensitive and fluorescent properties were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra and
fluorescence spectroscopy. Metal Eu(III) was not only bonded to oxygen and nitrogen atoms of polymer chain in PNIPAM, but
also bonded to TTA. The maximum emission intensity of the complexes at 613 nm was enhanced about 22, 27, 33 times compared
with that of the corresponding Eu(III). The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of Ar-PNIPAM/Eu(III)/TTA were slightly
greater compared with that of PNIPAM. Eu(III) complexes had excellent fluorescence performance, the fluorescence spectrum
presented characteristic emission of Eu(III) at 613 nm. 相似文献
3.
N,N′-Diphenylthiourea (DPTU) and N-naphthyl-N′-phenylthiourea (NPTU) synthesized in our laboratory, were tested as inhibitors for the corrosion of cold-rolled steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 by weight loss and electrochemical measurements. The studies clearly reveal that when we substitutes a phenyl group in N,N′-diphenylthiourea (DPTU) by naphthyl group to obtain N-naphthyl-N′-phenylthiourea (NPTU), the inhibition efficiency increases from 80 to 96% at 2 × 10−4 M. Polarization curves show that NPTU acts as mixed type inhibitor whereas DPTU predominates as cathodic inhibitor. Changes in impedance parameters (charge transfer resistance, R
t, and double layer capacitance, C
dl) were indicative of adsorption of DPTU and NPTU on the metal surface, leading to the formation of protective films. The degree of the surface coverage of the adsorbed inhibitors is determined by ac impedance technique, and it was found that the adsorption of these inhibitors on the cold-rolled steel surface obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The effect of the temperature on the corrosion behavior with addition of 10−4 M of DPTU and NPTU was studied in the temperature range 20–50 °C. Results show that the rate of corrosion of mild steel increased with increasing temperature both in the presence of inhibitors and in their absence. Activation energies in the presence and absence of DPTU and NPTU were obtained by measuring the temperature dependence of the corrosion current. The reactivity of these compounds was analyzed through theoretical calculations based on density functional theory to explain the different efficiency of these compounds as corrosion inhibitors. 相似文献
4.
Ju-Yeon Lee Jin-Hyang Kim Won-Taek Jung Young Kum Park 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(11):3936-3943
2,3-Di-(2′-hydroxyethoxy)benzylidenemalononitrile (3) was prepared and condensed with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate and 3,3′-dimethoxy-4,4′-biphenylenediisocyanate to yield novel Y-type
polyurethanes 4–5 containing 2,3-dioxy benzylidenemalononitrile group as a nonlinear optical (NLO)-chromophore, which constituted parts of
the polymer backbones. Polyurethanes 4–5 were soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and N,N-dimethylformamide. They showed a thermal stability up to 270 °C in thermogravimetric analysis thermograms and the glass-transition
temperatures (T
g) obtained from differential scanning calorimetry thermograms were around 116–135 °C. The second harmonic generation (SHG)
coefficients (d
33) of poled polymer films at 106.4 mm−1 fundamental wavelength were around 9.07 × 10−19 C (2.72 × 10−9 esu). The dipole alignment exhibited high thermal stability up to 10 °C higher than T
g, and there was no SHG decay below 145 °C due to the partial main-chain character of the polymer structure, which was acceptable
for nonlinear optical device applications. 相似文献
5.
Organic–inorganic nanostructured hybrids based on N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(3-methylphenyl)-(1,l′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine (MTPD) and anatase TiO2 were prepared via layer-by-layer deposition method. The MTPD/TiO2 hybrids were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectra, photoconductivity measurements, and surface photovoltage spectra
(SPS). Due to the change of the aggregated structure caused by the addition of TiO2, MTPD showed blue-shifted absorption spectrum. The photosensitivity of MTPD/TiO2 nanostructured hybrids was increased by two times when compared with that of its single component. Studies on the SPS revealed
that the efficient light-induced charge separation and transfer between MTPD and TiO2 was responsible for the improved photosensitivity. The MTPD/TiO2 hybrids exhibited high photosensitivity to ultraviolet light with weak intensity and acceptable stability under ultraviolet
radiation, which endow the hybrids potential applications in the field of ultraviolet photodetection. 相似文献
6.
A sialon composite composed of Y-α′-sialon and β′-sialon has been fabricated by hot pressing mixtures of Si3N4, Y2O3 and AlN powders. Thermal expansion coefficients of the Y-α′-sialon and β′-sialon were determined by the high-temperature
X-ray diffraction technique. The thermal expansion coefficient of Y-α′-sialon depended on the composition, being minimum at
x=0.3 in the formula Yx(Si12-4.5x, Al4.5x)(O1.5x, N16-1.5x). The coefficient of β′-sialon increased with increasing lattice constant, that is, the z value in the formula Si6-zAlzOzN8-z. The thermal expansion coefficient of sialon composites determined by a differential dilatometer increased with increasing
amount of Y-α′-sialon.
This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
David Düsselberg Dominique Verreault Patrick Koelsch Claudia Staudt 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(14):4872-4879
High refractive index, colorless polymers with high temperature resistancy are of great industrial interest. In this study,
new sulfur-containing copolyimides with high refractive indices have been synthesized via polycondensation reaction using
4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 3,3′,4,4′-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA)
as dianhydride monomers, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfide (4,4′-SDA) and 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene diamine (4MPD)
as well as 3,3′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3′-DDS) as diamino monomers. The resulting copolyimides are amorphous and soluble
in common organic solvents such as dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone. They also exhibit very good optical properties such as high transparency (>88% at 589.6 nm) for samples
with a thickness of 120–150 μm. Furthermore, higher refractive indices ranging from 1.64 to 1.72 at visible wavelengths compared
to currently applied polymer materials, which show refractive indices between 1.5 and 1.6, are found. In addition, the copolyimides
synthesized in this study show high thermal stability with glass transition temperatures between 273 and 306 °C. 相似文献
8.
M. G. Manjunatha A. V. Adhikari P. K. Hegde 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2010,21(8):751-757
A novel donor–acceptor type narrow band gap cyanovinylene poly{3,3′-(3,4-ditetradecyloxythiene-2,5-diyl)bis[2-(thiophen-2-yl)prop-2-enenitrile]}
has been designed and synthesized through multistep reactions. All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by using
FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy followed by elemental analyses. The polymer P is found to be thermally stable up to 300 °C under nitrogen atmosphere. The optical and charge-transporting properties of
the polymer were investigated by UV–visible, fluorescence emission spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric studies. The monomer
(M) emits intense green-light in solution state and the polymer (P) exhibited intense red-fluorescence both in solution and solid state. The fluorescence quantum yield of the polymer is determined
to be 43%. Cyclic voltammetric studies reveal that the polymer possesses good charge carrying property. The electrochemical
band-gap is estimated to be 1.8 eV. The studies reveal that the new cyanovinylene polymer P is a promising material for the development of efficient optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
9.
Yinggang Jia Na Diao Ying Chen Xiaodong Zhang Fanbao Meng 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(18):6699-6708
Cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) IP–VIP were graft copolymerized by a one-step hydrosilylation reaction with cyclo(pentamethylhydrogeno)siloxane, a cholesteric liquid crystalline (LC) monomer cholesteryl 3-(4-(undec-10-enoyloxy)phenyl)acrylate and crosslinking LC monomer biphenyl-4,4′-diyl bis(4-(allyloxy)benzoate). The effect of crosslinking mesogens on mesomorphic properties of the chiral LCEs was studied by swelling experiments. All the samples IP–VIP showed cholesteric mesophase when they were heated and cooled. The glass transition temperature (T g) of elastomers increased slightly with increase of crosslinking mesogens in the polymer systems, but mesophase–isotropic phase transition temperature (T i) decreased slightly, suggesting that the temperature range of mesophase became narrow with increase of crosslinking mesogens for all the elastomers. In XRD curves, all the samples IP–VIP exhibited diffuse reflections at 2θ ≈ 17° suggesting lack of the smectic-layered packing arrangement, and the intensity of these diffuse diffraction peaks decreases with increase of mesogenic crosslinking units, suggesting that the order between two neighbor LC molecules disturbed by the mesogenic crosslinking agents. The maximum reflection bands shift slightly to long wavelength and become broad at the same temperature, indicating that the helical structure is partially disrupted because of both the constraint of chemical crosslinking agents and the different mesogenic units. 相似文献
10.
A substituted polypyrrole (PPr) with viologen side groups (polymer-1) was obtained from the reaction of N-aminopyrrole with 1-hexyl-1′-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium dihalide (salt-1). A model compound (model-1) was synthesized by the reaction of N-aminopyrrole with N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-4-(4-pyridyl)pyridinium chloride (salt-2). UV–vis spectra revealed that polymer-1 had an expanded π-conjugation system along the polymer chain: the polymer showed an onset position of absorption at a wavelength
approximately 200 nm longer than the corresponding wavelength of model-1. Polymer-1 received an electrochemical oxidation of the pyrrole ring and reduction of the viologen group within the polymer. 相似文献
11.
A novel polymeric impregnated material was prepared by loading 4,4′(5′)di-t-butylbenzo-18-crown-6 (DtBB18C6) onto poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid-acrylonitrile)-N,N′-methylenediacrylamide [P(AM-AA-AN)-DAM]. The sorption of 137Cs onto P(AM-AA-AN)-DAM/DtBB18C6 was studied using batch equilibrium technique with respect to the pH, contact time, and temperature.
The applicability to treatment of low-level liquid radioactive waste was examined. The free energy (ΔG
0), enthalpy (ΔH
0), and entropy (ΔS
0) of the sorption were calculated. These parameters showed that the sorption of 137Cs onto P(AM-AA-AN)-DAM/DtBB18C6 was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The Lagergren first-order, pseudo-second-order,
and homogeneous particle diffusion models were tested kinetically to describe the reaction mechanism. The experimental data
were fitted well by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. 相似文献
12.
Junlong Yao Yanjiao You Hai Liu Lijie Dong Chuanxi Xiong 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(10):3343-3348
In order to get novel photochromic fiber-forming polyamides with liquid crystal (LC), high inherent viscosity and thermal
stability properties, two linear azobenzene polyaramides were synthesized by alternative polycondensation reactions of trans-azobenzene-4,4′-dicarbonyl chloride with various diamine monomers without any substituents under low temperature. As expected,
the resulting polyamides exhibit high degree of crystallinity (the highest value reaches 52%), inherent viscosity (the highest
value reaches 4.26 dL/g), and thermal stability (≤5% weight loss at 350 °C) due to intensively intermolecular hydrogen bonding
and extremely symmetric and rigid molecular structures, which were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Moreover, important liquid crystal and photoisomerization properties for optical devices and photochromics fibers spinning
are also observed in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) solutions due to the regular rigid structure and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The synthesized
azo polyamides are suitable for fiber spinning and can be applied in fields of potential optical techniques and novel anti-ultraviolet
and photochromic fibers industry at wide temperature ranges. 相似文献
13.
Yaxi Li Menglei Zha Tianyi Kang Chong Li Xue Wu Shuxian Wang Song-Bo Lu Yi-Shan Lee Yun-Rong Wu Jen-Shyang Ni Kai Li 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,18(1):2105362
Fluorophores with emission in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window have displayed salient advantages for biomedical applications. However, exploration of new luminogens with high NIR-II fluorescent brightness is still challenging. Herein, based on the “ring-fusion” strategy, a series of heteroatom-inserted rigid-planar cores is proposed to achieve the bathochromic NIR-II fluorophores with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) performance. Interestingly, one of the representative fluorophores, 4,4′-(5,5′-([1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-i]dithieno[2,3-a:3′,2′-c]phenazine-8,12-diyl)bis(4-octylthiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TTQiT), enjoys a maximum emission beyond 1100 nm because of the efficiently narrowed energy bandgap by electron-rich sulfur-atom-inserted core, which is verified by theoretical calculation. Taking advantage of the bright NIR-II emission of TTQiT nanoparticles, the desirable in vivo NIR-II imaging with high signal-to-background ratios is successfully performed and a long-term stem cell tracking in the detection of acute lung injury is further realized. Therefore, it is anticipated that this work will provide a promising molecular engineering strategy to enrich the scope of NIR-II fluorophores for catering to diverse demands in biomedical applications. 相似文献
14.
Huaijun Tang Hao Tang Zhiguo Zhang Changjie Cong Keli Zhang 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2009,20(7):597-603
A novel quaternary Eu(III) complex containing a carbazole fragment as hole-transporting functional group was synthesized,
and its thermal stability, photoluminescent (PL), electroluminescent (EL) properties were studied. Its glass transition temperature
(T
g) was 131 °C and 5% weight loss temperature was 325 °C. In studies of its EL properties, two devices with the Eu(III) complex
as red light-emitting materials were fabricated and measured. Device 1: ITO/NPB (40 nm)/Eu(III) complex (30 nm)/Alq3 (30 nm)/LiF (0.7 nm)/Al (100 nm), NPB was N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine as the hole-transporting layer, Alq3 was tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum as the electron-transporting layer. Device 1 gave two emission bands of the Eu(III)
complex and Alq3 with the maximum luminance of 437 cd/m2 at 17.34 V, and its turn-on voltage was 10 V. In device 2, an electron-transporting/hole-locking layer of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,
30 nm) was added between the Eu(III) complex and Alq3 layers, only a sharp red emission band of the Eu(III) complex was given with the maximum luminance of 186 cd/m2 at 20.08 V, and its turn-on voltage was 12 V. 相似文献
15.
Reaction sintering and the α-Si3N4/β′-sialon transformation for compositions in the system Si-Al-O-N
The reaction sintering of three powder compositions corresponding to points near theβ′-phase line in the region of z=0.75 has been studied using apparatus which allowed the continuous monitoring of the densification
kinetics. The powder compositions were prepared from mixtures ofα-Si3N4, Al2O3 and AIN, and the weight changes in the compacts could be kept to less than ∼ 1% over a two hour period. The densification
rate is sensitive to small changes in powder composition and decreases markedly as theβ∼'-sialon phase is approached from the oxygen-side. Theα-Si3N4 toβ′-sialon conversion rate, on the other hand, is almost independent of the powder composition. The sintering and transformation
kinetic data, combined with surface area measurements and observations on the microstructure of the sintered compacts, indicate
that the sintering behaviour is controlled by at least two processes, namely the vapour phase transport of material and a
solution-diffusion-reprecipitation process involving a grain boundary liquid phase. Both processes result in the conversion
ofα-Si3N4 toβ′-sialon and result in microstructural coarsening but only the second process leads to overall densification in the powder
compact. 相似文献
16.
Supramolecular polymers are attractive in recent years. In this article, a series of pyridine containing polyurethanes (PUPys)
with various pyridine contents and various MDI-BDO contents were synthesized from 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 1,4-butanediol
(BDO), N,N-bis(2-hydroxylethyl) isonicotinamine (BINA) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Thereafter, the moisture absorption of
PUPys was mainly investigated systematically from the effect of temperature, relative humidity (RH), pyridine content, MDI-BDO
content, the mechanism, and the kinetic of moisture absorption. Results show that the moisture absorption process of PUPys
matches with Fick’s second law in the initial stage. The moisture absorption is dependent on the content of N,N-bis(2-hydroxylethyl) isonicotinamine (BINA), e.g., the moisture absorption decreases with the increase of MDI-BDO content
as well as the decrease of BINA content. In addition, the moisture absorption increases with the increase of temperature and
relative humidity (RH). Accordingly, the moisture absorption process of PUPy45 at RH = 65% and T = 25° can be expressed with the equation: lnM
t
= 8.88–2975(1/T) + 0.5lnt. On the basis of the moisture absorption, the shape recovery process of PUPys film under the moisture condition
support that PUPys show excellent moisture-responsive shape memory effects. 相似文献
17.
Lunhong Ai Jing Jiang Liangchao Li 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2010,21(2):211-212
Conducting polymeric nanocomposite containing Li–Ni–Sm–Fe–O spinel was synthesized by the chemical oxidizing of aniline in
the presence of LiNi0.5Sm0.08Fe1.92O4 particles. The dielectric and electric modulus properties of the as-prepared samples were investigated over a frequency range
from 106 to 109 Hz. The dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″) and dissipation factor (tan δ) for all samples presented relatively high values at low frequency and were found to decrease with the frequency. The values
of ε′, ε″ and tan δ of the nanocomposite were lower than that of the pristine PANI. Electric modulus analysis had been carried out to understand
the electrical relaxation process. The dielectric relaxation time for the nanocomposite became longer due to the introduction
of LiNi0.5Sm0.08Fe1.92O4 particles lowering the crystallinity of PANI. 相似文献
18.
Giuseppe Ragosta Mario Abbate Pellegrino Musto Gennaro Scarinzi 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(6):2637-2647
This article examines the effects of structural changes and thermal aging treatments on the relaxation processes and mechanical
properties of three polyimides differing for their molecular structure i.e. PMDA-ODA, 6FDA-ODA, and 6FDA-6FpDA. These polyimides
were obtained by thermal imidization of their polyamic acid precursors, which were synthesized from the respective dianhydrides
[pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA), hexahydrofluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)], and diamines [4,4′-diaminodiphenyl
ether (ODA), 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) dianiline (6FpDA)]. After the curing process, the polyimides were thermally aged
at a fixed temperature for various times Dynamic mechanical measurements performed in a multi-frequency mode, were used to
determine the glass-rubber and sub-glass transitions, as well as the activation energy of the β transition. It was found that
the T
g decreased in the order PMDA-ODA > 6FDA-6FpDA > 6FDA-ODA as a result of an increased chain rigidity and molecular packing
induced by charge transfer interactions during the thermal imidization process. The β sub-glass transition showed two relaxation
processes identified as β′ and β′′. The β′ process was attributed to the local motion of the diamine constituents while the
β′′ process was caused by the local motion of the dianhydride moiety. The cooperativity of these molecular motions was also
assessed via the Starkweather method. The thermal aging enhanced the state of aggregation of polyimide chains and thus the
T
g and the sub-glass transition properties. This effect was particularly marked for the PMDA-ODA polyimide. Also the mechanical
properties were significantly affected by chemical structure and aging treatments. For non-aged samples the more influenced
parameter was the elongation at break, which decreased in the order PMDA-ODA > 6FDA-ODA > 6FDA-6FpDA. The aging enhanced the
elastic modulus and the tensile strength and reduced the elongation at break. 相似文献
19.
Yihe Zhang Li Yu Qingsong Su Hong Zheng Haitao Huang H. L. W. Chan 《Journal of Materials Science》2012,47(4):1958-1963
A sol–gel process was used to prepare polyimide–silica hybrid films from the fluorinated polyimide precursors (6FDA-ODA) and
tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in N,N-dimethyl acetamide. The hybrid film was then treated with hydrofluoric acid to remove the dispersed silica particles, leaving
inside the film pores with diameters ranged from 80 nm to 1 μm, which depended on the size of the silica particles. The chemical
structures and morphology of the hybrid and porous films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and
scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The synthesized porous fluorinated polyimide films show low relative dielectric
permittivity of 1.9, rendering them promising for microelectronic packaging materials. 相似文献
20.
The microstructures ofβ′-Si-Al-O-N ceramics of base composition Si4Al2O2N6 with large MgO additive (6 to 7 wt %) have been compared in the hot-pressed and sintered conditions. In both ceramics Mg
shows only a small solubility inβ′ crystals and is mainly segregated in a “matrix” phase. In hot-pressed materials this is an Mg-Al-silicate glass whereas in
sintered materials, inhomogeneities in composition and internal cavities are believed to catalyse its crystallization as the
spinel phase (MgAl2O4 with partial Si substitution). A minor phase in sintered ceramics is the 15R “polytype” of the AlN structure. 相似文献