Validation of a Real-Time PCR On-Site Quantification Method for MON810 Maize

A rapid on-, or near-site, quantitative method for use as a pre-harvest predictive decision, or co-existence monitoring, tool for adventitious genetically modified (GM) presence has been developed. Based on a laboratory-based protocol for real-time (RT) quantification of the MON810 GM event in maize kernels, the duplex RT polymerase chain reaction method was constructed around the portable Cepheid SmartCyclerII platform, requiring only modest support infrastructure for field application. Validation through an international ring trial showed good compliance with minimum assay performance requirements as defined by the European Network of GMO Laboratories (RSD_r = 18.5%; RSD_R = 32.8; Bias = 26.7%).     

Validation of a Duplex Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Salmonella spp. in Different Food Products

A 5′ nuclease duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed and validated with various food products for the specific and fast detection of Salmonella spp. in food. The assay used previously published primers in combination with a newly developed probe targeting the invA gene. An internal amplification control, which is coamplified in a duplex PCR, was included in the assay. The analysis of 1,934 natural food samples with real-time PCR and the cultural method in parallel resulted in a relative accuracy of 100% and 99.84% respectively, depending on the enrichment procedure in which buffered peptone water and selective enrichment in Rappaport–Vassiliadis (RV) broth were employed. The duplex real-time PCR assay has proven to be a specific, sensitive and fast screening method for Salmonella spp. in food. The overall analysis time of the PCR method was approximately 28 h, in contrast to 4 to 5 days with conventional Salmonella diagnostics. The developed assay has been shown to be a reliable diagnostic tool for use in routine analysis. It has been validated thoroughly and has become an official method in Germany for the detection of Salmonella spp. in food.     

In-house Validation of a DNA Extraction Protocol from Honey and Bee Pollen and Analysis in Fast Real-Time PCR of Commercial Honey Samples Using a Knowledge-Based Approach

Food Analytical Methods - For consumers, honey is a natural product that should not be subjected to treatment or alteration. Since the question of the presence of genetically modified organisms...     

Validation of a 1-Day Analytical Diagnostic Real-Time PCR for the Detection of Salmonella in Different Food Meat Categories

Foodborne disease caused by Salmonella represents a worldwide public health problem. In Europe, salmonellosis is still the second most commonly recorded zoonosis. Since the standard culture method for detecting Salmonella (ISO 6579:2002) requires up to 5 days to produce results, the need to develop rapid methods represents an important issue for the authorities and the producers. The aim of the present study was the in-house validation, according to ISO 16140, of an open-formula diagnostic real-time PCR for the detection of Salmonella in all the different meat categories reported in the EU Regulations relative to microbiological criteria for food safety. The assay employed specific primers and a probe target within the ttrRSBCA locus, which allows the tetrathionate respiration in Salmonella. Selectivity, relative accuracy, relative sensitivity and relative specificity were established by testing 110 bacterial strains and 175 various edible meat samples. Results showed 100 % selectivity, 100 % relative accuracy, 100 % relative sensitivity and 100 % relative specificity of the real-time PCR when compared to the standard culture method used as reference. In addition, in order to minimize the effect of the competitive micro-flora naturally present on meat samples, a highly nutritious and selective commercial medium (ONE Broth Salmonella, Oxoid) was evaluated in comparison with the classical non-selective pre-enrichment broth (buffered peptone water). Results demonstrated that the ONE Broth Salmonella medium increases the growth of Salmonella in the presence of competitive micro-flora.     

唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌椰毒致病型实时荧光PCR方法的建立

目的:建立唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德氏菌椰毒致病型菌株(Burkholderia gladioli pv.cocovenenans)的实时荧光PCR方法.方法:根据唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌椰毒致病型菌株Co14的米酵菌酸生物合成基因bonM序列,用Primer Premier 6设计一对特异性引物和一个TaqMan探针,建立了实时荧光...     

Validation of Real-Time PCR and Enzyme-Linked Fluorescent Assay-Based Methods for Detection of Salmonella spp. in Chicken Feces Samples

A comparative study of enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA)-based methods and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods using three and two different sample preparation protocols, respectively, and the standard culture-based method EN ISO 6579:2002/Amd1:2007, for the detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken feces, was performed on 20 artificially and 68 naturally contaminated chicken feces. Selectivity, relative specificity, relative accuracy, relative sensitivity, and relative detection level were determined. According to criteria established in the methods comparison study included in EN ISO 16140:2003 for validation of alternative microbiological methods, the ELFA-based methods (V1 and V2) as well as a real-time PCR method (PCR2) were comparable to the reference method for the detection of Salmonella in chicken feces. They provided results in 48 h and presented a high sensitivity (97% for all of them). The three methods showed a relative specificity of 94%, V1 being the method which presented the highest relative accuracy (96%). While detection level for V2 and reference method was between 3 and 13 CFU/25 g, PCR2 method was able to detect down to 3 CFU/25 g. In conclusion, both the real-time PCR and the ELFA-based assays can be used as rapid and user-friendly screening methods for detection of Salmonella spp. in chicken feces.     

麦草脱木素的新方法--水力空化

研究了水力空化对麦草脱木素的促进作用。对麦草进行碱（KOH）处理48 h后再在水力空化装置中处理10～15 min,成纸抗张指数提高约50%～55%。通过控制工艺参数及空化参数,可有效控制成纸机械性能。就电耗和生产过程所需时间而言,水力空化已被证实是一种比其他蒸煮脱木素技术更有效的方法。     

志贺氏菌实时荧光PCR检测试剂的研制

根据志贺氏菌ipaH基因序列设计了特异引物和探针,并对Taq 酶、Mg2 和引物探度等反应条件进行了优化.结果表明用实时荧光PCR法检测志贺氏茵具有特异性强、灵敏度高等突出的优点,可应用于进出口检验检疫、食品安全检测、疾病控制等领域.     

鲜猪肉中沙门和金葡菌荧光定量PCR检测

通过结合两种技术-免疫磁分离技术与双重荧光定量PCR技术,建立同时、快速对鲜猪肉进行沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检测方法。利用偶联有特异性抗体免疫磁球,在37℃的条件下能够有效地从250 m L循环体系中边富集边捕获目标菌。利用特异性的引物与探针,对两种食源性致病菌进行双重荧光定量PCR同时检测。本研究方法针对沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的检测限分别达到3.6 CFU/g和9.2 CFU/g。方法总体灵敏度、特异性和准确度达到98.8%、100%以及98.9%。本研究建立的免疫磁分离-双重荧光定量PCR方法比国标方法更快速和高效,适用于鲜猪肉中沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测。     

一种新型高方平筛的应用

对高方平筛的发展方向进行了分析,着重介绍H型高方平筛在面粉厂工艺设计中的应用.     

Innovative Methods for Removal of PCR Inhibitors for Quantitative Detection of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Oysters by Real-Time PCR

A quantitative assay for Plesiomonas shigelloides in pure culture and oysters based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rti-PCR) was developed. The methodology involved the treatment of oyster tissue homogenates with formaldehyde, differential centrifugation, and treatment of samples with activated charcoal coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. With seeded oyster tissue homogenates, without formaldehyde or coated charcoal treatments, the lowest level of detection for P. shigelloides was 1?×?10⁷ genomic targets per gram of tissue, equivalent to 2.5?×?10⁵ genomic targets per Rti-PCR. The addition of 4% formaldehyde to tissue homogenates reduced the minimum level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1?×?10⁵ genomic targets per gram of tissue, equivalent to 2.5?×?10³ genomic targets per real-time PCR. The treatment of tissue homogenates with only activated charcoal coated with P. fluorescens reduced the minimum level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1?×?10⁴ genomic targets per gram, equivalent to 2.5?×?10² genomic targets per real-time PCR, without DNA purification or enrichment. The combination of adding 4.0% formaldehyde to oyster tissue homogenates and treating with coated charcoal reduced the level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1?×?10³ genomic targets per gram, equivalent to 25 genomic targets per real-time PCR. The linear range of detection was from 1?×?10³ to 1?×?10⁶ genomic targets per gram without enrichment.     

Innovative Methods for Removal of PCR Inhibitors for Quantitative Detection of Plesiomonas shigelloides in Oysters by Real-Time PCR

A quantitative assay for Plesiomonas shigelloides in pure culture and oysters based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction (Rti-PCR) was developed. The methodology involved the treatment of oyster tissue homogenates with formaldehyde, differential centrifugation, and treatment of samples with activated charcoal coated with Pseudomonas fluorescens. With seeded oyster tissue homogenates, without formaldehyde or coated charcoal treatments, the lowest level of detection for P. shigelloides was 1 × 10⁷ genomic targets per gram of tissue, equivalent to 2.5 × 10⁵ genomic targets per Rti-PCR. The addition of 4% formaldehyde to tissue homogenates reduced the minimum level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1 × 10⁵ genomic targets per gram of tissue, equivalent to 2.5 × 10³ genomic targets per real-time PCR. The treatment of tissue homogenates with only activated charcoal coated with P. fluorescens reduced the minimum level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1 × 10⁴ genomic targets per gram, equivalent to 2.5 × 10² genomic targets per real-time PCR, without DNA purification or enrichment. The combination of adding 4.0% formaldehyde to oyster tissue homogenates and treating with coated charcoal reduced the level of detection of P. shigelloides to 1 × 10³ genomic targets per gram, equivalent to 25 genomic targets per real-time PCR. The linear range of detection was from 1 × 10³ to 1 × 10⁶ genomic targets per gram without enrichment.     

Use of a species-specific multiplex PCR for the identification of pediococci

In this study, the 23S rRNA genes of nine different Pediococcus type strains were sequenced. By using a multiple sequence alignment with 23S rDNA sequences of related lactic acid bacteria two primer pairs were constructed, one for the general identification of the genus Pediococcus and one for the identification of the atypical species, P. dextrinicus. Furthermore, a primer set for a rapid multiplex PCR identification of the eight typical Pediococcus species was developed. With this technique, the species P. damnosus, P. parvulus, P. inopinatus, P. cellicola, P. pentosaceus, P. acidilactici, P. claussenii, and P. stilesii could be discriminated simultaneously in a single PCR. Experiments with inoculated grape musts showed that the detection limit was 10 cells ml(-1). The multiplex PCR assay was tested by the usage of 62 Pediococcus strains from different culture collections and 47 strains recently isolated from German wines and musts. In addition, contaminations with P. parvulus and P. damnosus could be detected after purification of DNA from spoilt wine samples. The method demonstrates a rapid and easy to handle tool for the species affiliation of pediococci in beverages and food samples.     

实时荧光PCR法在鱼翅鉴别中的应用

为有效鉴别市售鱼翅的真伪,针对鱼翅中鲨鱼源性成分的线粒体基因组的部分序列,利用实时荧光聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)技术,通过特异性引物和探针的设计建立起一种有效的真伪鉴别方法。该方法中对样品脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)的提取方法、DNA检测的浓度灵敏度、质量灵敏度以及方法的特异性进行研究。结果表明鱼翅样品用试剂盒进行提取效果良好,其检测的DNA浓度灵敏度可达1×10~(-5) ng/μL,质量灵敏度可达0.01%。利用该方法对市场上的购买的47份鱼翅类样品和18份非鱼翅样品进行了检测,43样品检测出鲨鱼成分,包括4份仿鱼翅在内的22份未检出鲨鱼成分。     

食源性肠球菌荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立与评价

利用基因组序列比对分析等生物信息学方法发掘肠球菌新的属特异性靶点,根据42个候选靶点序列设计50对引物,结合普通PCR初筛和荧光定量PCR复筛,挑选特异性和灵敏度等检测性能最佳的引物,建立相应的荧光定量PCR检测方法,并对该方法应用于食品中肠球菌检测时的效果作出评价。分析结果显示,特异性最强的引物为EF1902,利用该引物建立的荧光定量体系检测肠球菌时均产生特异性扩增信号,而检测非肠球菌菌株时均无特异性扩增信号形成。经优化PCR体系后,该方法的基因组DNA检测灵敏度为13.78拷贝/PCR,纯培养物灵敏度为38.4 cfu/PCR。以肠球菌人工污染牛奶,当初始接菌量为2.63 cfu/mL时,只需增菌6 h即可用该方法检出肠球菌。对52份食品样品进行检测准确率为94.23%,证实了该方法可应用于食源性肠球菌的快速检测。综上所述,作者建立的肠球菌荧光定量PCR方法,特异性强且灵敏度高,可应用于食品中肠球菌的快速检测。     

Validating allergen coding genes (Cor a 1, Cor a 8, Cor a 14) as target sequences for hazelnut detection via Real-Time PCR

Hazelnuts have been shown to contain different allergenic proteins. Amongst these, major allergens Cor a 1 and Cor a 8 and the 2S albumin Cor a 14 were selected as targets to comparatively validate three Real-Time PCR protocols. We investigated both on the choice of the amplification target, and on the matrix effect on different sample foods. Applying statistics on the validation parameters obtained from the three protocols, we showed a significant difference in Ct values. This could turn critical when a high sensitivity method is required for the detection of hazelnut traces, confirming how fundamental the choice of the template during primer design phase is. Concluding, statistical approach represents a useful tool for the identification of the best performing primer pairs in Real-Time PCR. Cor a 8 gene permitted the identification of hazelnut based ingredients in complex foods, providing a significantly higher sensitivity in the PCR amplification, when compared to Cor a 1 and Cor a 14.     

The Application of Real-Time PCR to Food and Agricultural Systems. A Review

Abstract

Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) allows each cycle of DNA amplification to be observed on a computer screen throughout the sequence of thermal cycling, hence the designation “real-time.” RT-PCR assays have been developed for a variety of target sequences of food borne microbial pathogens, plant pathogens, and genetically modified foods. A major and highly sensitive aspect of RT-PCR is the use of fluorescent reporter dyes that undergo enhanced fluorescence when bound to DNA. Among the fluorescent reporter systems employed are SYBR green, and the molecular probes designated TaqMan, FRET, molecular beacons, and variations of these systems. A major advantage of RT-PCR involves the amplification of short DNA target sequences of 60–70-bp, which allows greatly reduced extension times, which when coupled with the advanced technology of RT thermal cyclers with reduced ramp times, greatly reduces cycle times so that amplified targets can be recognized within 30 min of amplification in some cases. Another major advantage is that agarose-gel electrophoresis is not required to visualize amplified target DNA which greatly reduces assay time.