Report of the… .

Asummary of a report containing "information about subdoctoral training programs,… questions the committee deemed relevant and important,… and appropriate recommendations." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The role of structural ledges at phase boundaries—III. F.C.C.-B.C.C. interfaces in Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation

The ledge mode of misfit accommodation is extended to {111} f.c.c.∥{110} b.c.c. interfaces with the Kurdjumov-Sachs (KS) orientation relationship. As with the Nishiyama-Wassermann (NW) relationship the geometric quantities are uniquely related by the misfit ratio r of atomic diameters. A rigid lattice analysis shows that the driving forces for a KS orientation relationship are significantly larger than those for the NW-x and even more so than those for the NW-y relationships. The rigid analysis also predicts that the terrace width which satisfies the periodicity conditions for a stepped interface are well within the terrace widths which allow significant energy gains. The models developed for the NW analysis are modified for KS configurations and employed to sum energies for the terrace patches, tilt misfit dislocations and the riser interface energy. Comparing this energy with that of a planar interphase boundary comprised of only misfit compensating dislocations shows that a stepped interphase boundary is energetically favored at r values near and greater than r_KS but less than r_NW-y.     

Kinetics of F.C.C. → B.C.C. heterogeneous martensitic nucleation—I. The critical driving force for athermal nucleation

Employing available experimental data for athermal f.c.c. → b.c.c. martensitic transformation in binary, ternary and multicomponent Fe-base alloys, a model is developed and tested for the critical driving force at the M_s temperature. Incorporating the theory of solid solution hardening, we describe the composition dependence of the athermal frictional work for martensitic interface motion governing the kinetics of barrierless heterogeneous nucleation. The available data suggests that the composition dependence of the athermal frictional work is of the same form as that for slip deformation. We have evaluated the athermal strengths of 14 alloying elements Al, C, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, N, Nb, Ni, Si, Ti, V and W from the experimental data. Except for Al, Ni and Co, the athermal strengths of the common substitutional alloying elements are similar in magnitude, while the interstitial solutes C and N exert a stronger influence. Previously proposed superposition laws are used to account for the presence of multiple solutes having different athermal strengths. With an improved assessment of the magnetic parameters of alloy systems, the model predicts M_s temperatures within ±40 K for M_s > 300 K where thermal contributions to the frictional work can be neglected.     

Internal friction in F.C.C. alloys due to solute drag on dislocations—I. A model for the effect of core diffusion

The internal friction (mechanical loss) behavior of dislocations is studied in a model which, for the first time, considers the substitutional solute mobility in the dislocation core to be higher than in the bulk around it. The parameters investigated include the external stress σ_xy, the solute concentration c₀, the pinning length of the dislocation and the temperature. It is shown that, at low c₀ and high σ_xy, the kinetics of the dislocation motion is determined by the fast diffusion of the solute atoms in the core, while for high c₀ and low σ_xy the diffusion of the atoms far away from the dislocation is rate-limiting. The results are compared with the analytical model of Schoeck and are applied to the alloy system SlSi. New experimental results supporting the model are described in a companion paper (Part II).     

Nursing visibility: could the I.C.N.P. help?]

The present article discusses the visibility of Nursing care through the use of a Nursing classification "International Classification of Nursing Practice, proposed by the International Council of Nurses (ICN). The usefulness of a specific classification is discussed and comparison with the medical classifications are reasoned. Examples of experimentation are brought for sustaining the utility of the ICNP in the clinical practice, in education, in the Nursing management and in politics. To have a common language world-wide sustains the development of the discipline and the empowerment of Nursing profession.     

Whither the Rorschach? An analysis of the evidence.

In the previous Special Section, the authors presented empirical evidence and logical analysis that were sufficient to demonstrate that the widespread use of the Rorschach in clinical, legal, forensic, and occupational settings is unwarranted on both scientific and ethical grounds (J. Hunsley and J. M. Bailey, see record 1999-11130-004). To expand on their analysis and to respond to issues raised in the previous and current Special Sections, they begin their article by examining a number of conceptual issues that are at the heart of the disagreements about the Rorschach. The focus is then shifted to the central issue of clinical utility, with an emphasis on why current research is insufficient to demonstrate the utility of the Rorschach. Next, the psychometric issues raised by I. B. Weiner (see record 2001-05665-002) are addressed and an alternative perspective on the psychometric viability of the Rorschach is provided. Finally, the authors conclude with some suggestions for future directions that must be taken in research to address the substantive concerns raised by Rorschach critics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

C.C.C.轧机的工艺及结构特点

介绍了唐钢高速线材厂从美国birdsboro公司的紧凑式粗轧机的主要工艺参数和工艺、结构特点，提出了堆钢事故解决办法，展望了C．C．C．轧机的发展前景。     

Cold work hardening in stages IV and V of F.C.C. metals—I. Experiments and interpretation

The paper presents numerous measurements which confirm stages IV and V to be general ranges of cold work deformation. Analogous to stage II, stage IV exhibits a linear athermal hardening with constant strain rate sensitivity and activation enthalpy. In stage IV the dislocation cell size is constant, while the dislocation density growth rate is markedly reduced compared with stages II and III. Features of stage V are analogous to stage III, the increase of strain rate sensitivity (decrease of activation enthalpy) indicating the onset of thermally activated dislocation annihilation. In stage V, the mechanism is identified as dislocation climb from observing subgrain formation and saturation in density of deformation induced vacancies. Comparisons with recent investigations of stage IV and V at high temperatures suggest a common picture of low and high temperature deformation which only requires principles of storage and annihilation for both screw and edge dislocations.     

A discrete lattice plane analysis of the composition profile and surface energy of binary H.C.P. alloys with applications to γ AlAg

The discrete lattice plane (DLP) model has been used to make a nearest neighbor (n.n.), broken bond, regular solution calculation for the composition profile and surface energy of h.c.p. alloys as a function of surface orientation and temperature. This appears to be the first such calculation for h.c.p. alloys. The surface energy and the anisotropy of surface energy thus calculated were compared to the experimental values of these quantities concurrently determined on a γ AlAg alloy by Hyland et al. using the zero-creep and thermal grooving method. An oscillating, diffuse composition profile was obtained, with the former characteristic arising from the negative regular solution constant. A recent FIM/AP study of γ AlAg precipitates by Osamura et al. is in qualitative agreement with this prediction. Calculations of the surface energy of the γ AlAg phase show rough agreement with the experimentally determined value at 873 K but poor agreement at 773 K. The DLP model predicts a much smaller temperature dependence of surface energy than is experimentally observed when the regular solution model is employed. It appears from these results and those of related studies that the frequently used nearest neighbor model is unable to provide an adequate accounting for the surface energy of Al-base alloys.