Mixed-valence oxides KTi2−xNb5+xO17' chemical twins of the rutile structure

New mixed valence oxides KTi_2−xNb_5+xO_17', chemical twins of the rutile structure have been isolated, with O ⩽ x ⩽ 1.75. The electron transport and magnetic properties have been studied and compared to those of reduced rutile. These physical properties are interpreted in terms of a band model and of the existence of Nb(IV)-Nb(IV) pairs and Ti(III) species.     

Bonfils & Son,Egypt, Greece and the Levant; 1867–1894

Abstract

Félix Bonfils was born in Saint Hippolyte du Fort, France, on 6th March 1831. Little is known of his early life. Family sources indicate he began his professional career by operating his own printing press¹. On becoming interested in photography, he produced photographs using the heliogravure process invented by Niépce. In due course, he adopted the collodion wet-plate process, with all its well-known complications and encumbrances. For the landscape photographer lie was to become, the task of moving his equipment from place to place must have been formidable, especially in countries where roads and transport were meagre.