基于图像距离测度的置乱效果评价法

提出了一种修改的图像距离进行图像置乱效果评价的方法.针对传统欧氏距离不能真实刻画置乱图像间差异程度的不足,考虑到图像中任意位置灰度信息与其周围邻域灰度存在紧密相关,将一种具有黎曼度量特性的图像距离进行修改并用来构造一种描述图像置乱效果好坏的评价函数.通过大量的实验得出,该评价方法是能够保持主客观评价的一致性.     

All-in-focus imaging using average filter-based relative focus measure

Digital images are normally taken by focusing on an object, resulting in defocused background regions. A popular approach to produce an all-in-focus image without defocused regions is to capture several input images at varying focus settings, and then fuse them into an image using offline image processing software. This paper describes an all-in-focus imaging method that can operate on digital cameras. The proposed method consists of an automatic focus-bracketing algorithm that determines at which focuses to capture images and an image-fusion algorithm that computes a high-quality all-in-focus image. While most previous methods use the focus measure calculated independently for each input image, the proposed method calculates the relative focus measure between a pair of input images. We note that a well-focused region in an image shows better contrast, sharpness, and details than the corresponding region that is defocused in another image. Based on the observation that the average filtered version of a well-focused region in an image shows a higher correlation to the corresponding defocused region in another image than the original well-focused version, a new focus measure is proposed. Experimental results of various sample image sequences show the superiority of the proposed measure in terms of both objective and subjective evaluation and the proposed method allows the user to capture all-in-focus images directly on their digital camera without using offline image processing software.     

Goal-directed evaluation of binarization methods

This paper presents a methodology for evaluation of low-level image analysis methods, using binarization (two-level thresholding) as an example. Binarization of scanned gray scale images is the first step in most document image analysis systems. Selection of an appropriate binarization method for an input image domain is a difficult problem. Typically, a human expert evaluates the binarized images according to his/her visual criteria. However, to conduct an objective evaluation, one needs to investigate how well the subsequent image analysis steps will perform on the binarized image. We call this approach goal-directed evaluation, and it can be used to evaluate other low-level image processing methods as well. Our evaluation of binarization methods is in the context of digit recognition, so we define the performance of the character recognition module as the objective measure. Eleven different locally adaptive binarization methods were evaluated, and Niblack's method gave the best performance     

Object detection by global contour shape

We present a method for object class detection in images based on global shape. A distance measure for elastic shape matching is derived, which is invariant to scale and rotation, and robust against non-parametric deformations. Starting from an over-segmentation of the image, the space of potential object boundaries is explored to find boundaries, which have high similarity with the shape template of the object class to be detected. An extensive experimental evaluation is presented. The approach achieves a remarkable detection rate of 83-91% at 0.2 false positives per image on three challenging data sets.     

图象分割质量评价方法研究

分析研究了图象分割质量的评价方法,将模糊集合的概念应用到分割评价方法中,引入模糊度测度,提出了一个简单有效的映射函数,可以快速有铲地将图象从空间域变换到模糊性质域。对几种具有实际意义的图象分割质量评价参数及模糊度做了分析,提出了一个综合评价函数,实验结果表明：引入的模糊度比较准确地反映了分割图象的质量,其反映的分割图象质量差别与人的视觉效果基本一致。     

图象分割质量评价方法研究

分析研究了图象分割质量的评价方法,将模糊集合的概念应用到分割评价方法中,引入模糊度测度．提出了一个简单有效的映射函数,可以快速有效地将图象从空间域变换到模糊性质域．对几种具有实际意义的图象分割质量评价参数及模糊度做了分析,提出了一个综合评价函数．实验结果表明：引入的模糊度比较准确地反映了分割图象的质量,其反映的分割图象质量差别与人的视觉效果基本一致．     

中介相似性量度的图像匹配

图像匹配是图像信息领域中一个非常重要的技术。以中介真值程度的数值化度量为基础,建立了中介相似性量度,设计了采用中介相似性量度的灰度信息图像匹配算法。实验结果表明,与已有的典型算法处理结果相比较,基于中介相似性量度的匹配算法具有良好的抗噪性和一定的抗失真性,且具有较高的匹配精度和匹配速度。     

基于离散余弦变换的图像加密效果评估方法

不动点比,图像相似度等是传统的图像加密效果评估方法,传统方法具有局限性和不准确性。文中提出一种基于离散余弦变换的图像加密效果评估方法,利用离散余弦变换(DCT)把图像从时域变换到频域,同时分析图像的能量分布状况,以此评估图像的加密效果;计算明文图像和密文图像的频谱系数差值,用该差值构造差值系数矩阵,最后计算图像信息熵,通过熵值大小判断图像加密效果,得到新的图像加密效果评估方法。通过不同图像加密方法对同一图像进行加密,用新方法进行加密评估;对同一图像分别采用新的加密评估方法与传统方法进行评估,比较评估结果准确性等实验,验证了新方法的有效性。提出的加密评估方法改善了传统加密评估方法的局限性,提高了评估准确性,评估结果也与人眼观察效果基本一致。     

基于图像质量等级的自动目标识别效果评估

通过对图像质量度量指标类型进行统计分析,提出一种简单的图像质量等级划分方法,在此基础上利用支持向量机对各图像子集进行目标识别,分析图像质量对目标识别效果的影响,结合传统的目标识别效果评估方法,给出一种基于图像质量等级的目标识别效果评估方法。实验结果证明,与传统方法相比,该方法的评估结果更准确。     

图像边缘检测效果的边缘连续性评价算法

边缘检测是图像处理的一个重要环节,边缘检测效果的好坏直接决定图像处理结果的好坏,但对于边缘检测结果缺乏一个标准的数值化的评价方式,因此提出了一种对边缘检测结果的边缘连续性量化评价方法。以边缘的连续性作为图片边缘提取效果的评价指标,并且使用边缘段凸包面积与边缘段长度的乘积的平均值来数值化评价边缘连续性。设计了多种实验对同一图片采用不同的边缘检测算法在不同边缘检测参数下进行检测,并与所提算法进行评价对比。实验证明该算法能数值化地快速、有效地评价图片边缘检测的效果好坏,评价结果符合人的视觉感知特征,对于高层次的图像处理与自动化图像处理环节具有较好的应用价值。     

结合稀疏表示和概率潜在语义的图像模糊度评价

目的 图像的模糊度评价是客观图像质量评价的一种,主要用来衡量图像信号经过成像系统或处理算法后的降质程度,其在图像获取、传输、分析以及图像处理系统或算法评价等领域有着广泛的应用。针对目前图像模糊度评价方法没有考虑人类视觉系统的无监督学习和层次化特征提取的特性,本文将图像稀疏表示和利用概率潜在语义提取图像主题相结合,提出基于稀疏表示和概率潜在语义的图像模糊度评价算法。方法 该算法在图像稀疏表示的基础上,通过概率潜在语义方法分别提取清晰训练图像和待测图像的主题,以待测图像潜在主题与清晰图像平均潜在主题之间的相似性作为模糊度评价的依据。主要过程分为3个阶段:词典构建阶段、训练学习阶段和模糊度评价阶段。词典构建阶段的目的是通过样本学习获得图像稀疏表示的词典;训练学习阶段的目的是采用概率潜在语义的方法获得训练图像的平均主题;模糊度评价阶段的目的是通过待测图像的潜在主题与训练图像的平均潜在主题的相关系数来计算图像的模糊程度。结果 在仿真图和公共测试数据库上与典型算法的比较实验表明:本文算法在单调性、抗噪性以及视频质量专家组制定的5个评价指标上都取得了较好的效果,其中Pearson相关系数和Spearman秩相关系数分别为0.995 6和0.993 4。结论 本文根据人类视觉系统具有无监督学习和层次化特征提取的特点,以待测图像潜在主题与清晰图像平均潜在主题之间的相似性作为模糊度评价的依据,提出了一种新的基于稀疏表示和概率潜在语义的图像模糊度评价方法。实验结果表明该方法能够对图像的模糊度进行较准确的评价,并且结果与人的主观评价结果一致。     

基于模糊算法的多聚焦图像融合效果评价研究

针对多聚焦图像的融合效果评价问题,提出了一种基于模糊理论的图像融合效果评价方法.该方法采用融合图像熵值、交互信息量值、平均梯度值、偏差值构成单因素评价指标集,引入基于专家评判法的人的知识确定隶属度函数,用对比排序法综合各个单因素指标得到综合评价指标,其计算简单,评价结果更为全面客观.将该方法应用于多聚焦图像的融合试验,评价结果与理论分析和人的目视效果一致,从而证明了该评价方法的有效性.     

利用局部极值点特性的多聚焦图像快速融合

目的：多聚焦图像融合技术一个关键问题是如何准确地判断待融合图像的清晰度。本文提出了基于归一化结构极值点数目的清晰度判断准则。方法：本文基于图像的局部极值点特性,定义了归一化结构极值点数目这个指标作为清晰度判断准则,同时还给出了利用该准则和融合决策矩阵快速估计技术的多聚焦图像快速融合方法。结果：利用本文提出的清晰度判断准则和融合方法,实验表明上述问题得到了很好的解决。结论：本文提出了一个新的图像清晰度判断准则,该准则判断准确率高,且对脉冲噪声有好的鲁棒性。通过与传统融合方法对两组实验图像融合结果的主客观比较表明,该方法的融合速度和效果比现有多聚焦图像融合方法有明显提高。     

Image segmentation by probabilistic bottom-up aggregation and cue integration

We present a bottom-up aggregation approach to image segmentation. Beginning with an image, we execute a sequence of steps in which pixels are gradually merged to produce larger and larger regions. In each step, we consider pairs of adjacent regions and provide a probability measure to assess whether or not they should be included in the same segment. Our probabilistic formulation takes into account intensity and texture distributions in a local area around each region. It further incorporates priors based on the geometry of the regions. Finally, posteriors based on intensity and texture cues are combined using “a mixture of experts” formulation. This probabilistic approach is integrated into a graph coarsening scheme, providing a complete hierarchical segmentation of the image. The algorithm complexity is linear in the number of the image pixels and it requires almost no user-tuned parameters. In addition, we provide a novel evaluation scheme for image segmentation algorithms, attempting to avoid human semantic considerations that are out of scope for segmentation algorithms. Using this novel evaluation scheme, we test our method and provide a comparison to several existing segmentation algorithms.     

Image coding quality assessment using fuzzy integrals with a three-component image model

Based on importance measures and fuzzy integrals, a new assessment method for image coding quality is presented in this paper. The proposed assessment is based on two subevaluations. In the first subevaluation, errors on edges, textures, and flat regions are computed individually. The errors are then assessed using an assessment function. A global evaluation with Sugeno fuzzy integral is then obtained based on the importance measure of edge, texture, and flat region. In the second subevaluation, an importance measure is first established depending on the types of regions where errors occur, a subtle evaluation is then obtained using Sugeno fuzzy integral on all pixels of the image. A final evaluation is obtained based on the two subevaluations. Experimental results show that this new image quality assessment closely approximates human subjective tests such as mean opinion score with a high correlation coefficient of 0.963, which is a significant improvement over peak signal-to-noise ratio, picture quality scale, and weighted mean square error, three other image coding quality assessment methods, which have the correlation coefficients of 0.821, 0.875, and 0.716, respectively.     

一种新的图象平滑方法及其性能评价

本文提出了一种新的图象平滑方法--修正的邻域平均法.这种方法不仅能够有效地平 滑噪声,还能够锐化模糊的图象边缘;计算比较简单,不需要任何先验知识和预定的参数.为 了定量地评价这种平滑方法的性能,本文对计算机产生的试验图象定义了一种图象优值,作为 评价的指标.并且通过实验将这种平滑方法的性能与梯度的倒数加权平均法、中值滤波法进 行了比较.最后给出了处理实际照片的结果.     

Multi-layer security of medical data through watermarking and chaotic encryption for tele-health applications

In this paper, we present a robust and secure watermarking approach using transform domain techniques for tele-health applications. The patient report/identity is embedding into the host medical image for the purpose of authentication, annotation and identification. For better confidentiality, we apply the chaos based encryption algorithm on watermarked image in a less complex manner. Experimental results clearly indicated that the proposed technique is highly robust and sufficient secure for various forms of attacks without any significant distortions between watermarked and cover image. Further, the performance evaluation of our method is found better to existing state-of-the-art watermarking techniques under consideration. Furthermore, quality analysis of the watermarked image is estimated by subjective measure which is beneficial in quality driven healthcare industry.

     

Sectored snakes: evaluating learned-energy segmentations

We describe how to teach deformable models to maximize image segmentation correctness based on user-specified criteria, and present a method for evaluating which criteria work best. We show how to evaluate the efficacy of any resulting deformable model, given a sampling of ground truth, a model of the range of shapes tried during optimization, and a measure of shape closeness. In the domain of abdominal CT images, we demonstrate such evaluation on a simple “sectoring” of a snake in which intensity and perpendicular gradient are observed over equal-length segments. This specific set of qualities shows a measured improvement over an objective function that is uniform around the shape, and it follows naturally from examination of the latter's failures due to image variations around the organ boundary     

基于阈值及像素聚类的分割算法性能比较

图像分割是图像处理到分析的关键步骤,阈值分割方法因其计算简单而被广泛应用,聚类算法也因其准确性成为图像分割领域中一类极其重要的算法。选取几种经典阈值分割算法和几种聚类算法对几幅毫米波图像进行分割实验,并引入错分类误差、均匀测度、区域间灰度对比度作为算法测评标准,比较了各种算法对毫米波图像的分割性能。