NaZn13型LaFe基室温磁致冷材料研究进展

介绍了LaFe基室温磁致冷材料在磁热效应和制备方面的研究进展.指出具有NaZn13型结构且Fe含量高的LaFe基化合物是良好的软磁材料,其居里温度可通过Co取代Fe或添加非金属元素H、C、B等来提高;采用甩带和添加其他稀土元素取代La可缩短材料获得NaZn13型结构的退火时间.通过调整LaFe基化合物的元素配比,将有可能制备出具有巨磁热效应的室温磁致冷材料.     

LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx合金在室温区的大磁热效应

从室温磁制冷目的出发,用工业纯原料制备了具有NaZn13型结构的稀土铁基化合物LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.25,0.3,0.4,0.5),并对其磁热效应进行了研究.实验结果表明,LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1Bx合金在室温区具有大磁热效应,在x＝0.2时,磁熵变|ΔSm|的峰值位于居里温度TC＝270K处,1.5T外磁场下达到7.3J/kg·K,直接测量绝热温变ΔTad达到2.7K;B元素作为置换原子和间隙原子进入NaZn13相,显著提高了合金的磁熵变和居里温度.     

La(FeMCoSi)_(13)B_(0.25)系列合金在低磁场下的磁热效应

LaFeCoSi基合金中添加少量Cr、Ti元素,使其形成LaFe11.1-xCrxCo0.8Si1.1B0.25、LaFe11.1-xTixCo0.8Si1.1B0.25系列合金,利用磁热效应直接测量仪在1.5T的磁场下进行测量。实验结果表明:添加Cr、Ti元素都对材料的居里温度、磁热效应有影响,可利用这些合金元素在一定程度上调节材料的性能。     

SPS烧结样品La(Fe11.2Co0.7Si1.1)B0.25的磁热效应

将La(Fe11.2Co0.7Si1.1)B0.25铸锭在氩气保护中制成小于1 mm的颗粒,在真空行星球磨机中将其分别球磨1 h、1.5 h、2 h;采用SPS(放电等离子烧结技术)烧结成合金,在1070℃下进行1 h热处理;采用XRD及SEM分析了样品的组织结构,并用VSM测量了样品的磁热效应。结果表明,随球磨时间的增加,粉末烧结样品居里温度逐渐降低,而绝热温变和等温磁熵变逐渐增加。     

Refrigeration effect of La（FeCoSi）13B0.25 compounds and gadolinium metal in reciprocating magnetic refrigerator

The LaFe11.9–x Cox Si1.1 B0.25 with x=0.9 and x=0.82 compounds were synthesized from commercial purity raw materials.The magnetic property of LaFe11.9–x Cox Si1.1 B0.25 and Gd particles were tested on the reciprocating refrigerator at the same condition in order to compare the cooling capacity of the two materials.The results showed that the cooling velocity of Gd was obviously higher than that of LaFe11.9–x Cox Si1.1 B0.25.The maximum temperature span was 12.7 oC for LaFe11.0 Co0.9 Si1.1 B0.25,14.9 oC for Gd metal whose mass is the same as that of LaFe11.0 Co0.9 Si1.1 B0.25,8.1 oC for Gd metal whose volume is the same as that of LaFe11.0 Co0.9 Si1.1 B0.25.Series connection of LaFe11.0 Co0.9 Si1.1 B0.25 and LaFe11.08 Co0.82 Si1.1 B0.25 had the maximum cooling temperature span of 15.3 oC.     

粉末冶金法制备La(Fe11.05Co0.85Si1.1)B0.25化合物的磁热效应

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼制备了La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>铸锭,并将该铸锭在氩气保护中球磨制粉,采用SPS(放电等离子烧结技术SparkPlasma Sintering)将该粉制成La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>合金,在高温(1070℃)下对其进行20 h热处理;空冷之后用XRD及SEM检测了铸锭热处理样品、SPS烧结样品及SPS热处理后样品的相及组织结构,利用VSM和磁热效应直接测量仪测量了这3种状态下合金的等温磁熵变和绝热温变.结果表明,铸锭合金的基相组织结构中晶粒大小规则较均匀,晶界清晰明显,在0～1.5 T的变化磁场下测得其等温磁熵变达到-5.22 J·(kg·K)<'-1>-,绝热温变也达到2.3 K,而采用SPS技术制得的样品的基相组织结构中没有明显晶界且夹杂较多,其等温磁熵变为-3.90 J·(kg·K)<'-1>,绝热温变为1.9 K(0～1.5 T);经过热处理的SPS样品基相组织结构中,有少量晶界形成,但晶粒大小不规则,测得其等温磁熵变为-3.72 J·(kg·K)<'-1>,绝热温变为1.5 K(0～1.5 T);与铸锭相比较,SPS技术制得的合金样品和经过高温热处理之后的SPS样品的绝热温变值和等温熵磁变值均降低,同比之下这两种样品较铸锭样品的居里点和半峰宽却发生了改变,均显著提高;可以看出采用SPS技术制备的室温磁制冷材料La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>能够在较宽的温度范围内制冷,但其磁热效应却相对降低.     

粉末冶金法制备La（Fe,Co,Si）13磁制冷合金

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼制备了LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2铸锭,并将该铸锭在石油醚的保护中球磨制粉,粉末经过压制后在氩气气氛中高温烧结2～8 h。用XRD和SEM检测了LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2铸锭及烧结后样品的相和组织结构。结果表明,LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2合金铸锭主要由α-Fe(Co,Si)相和1∶1∶1相组成,仅含有极少量1∶13相。采用粉末冶金法制备的合金相比传统工艺下合金的成相时间有明显缩短,仅烧结2 h就有一定比例的NaZn13型1∶13相生成,而且在1100℃烧结4 h时合金的成相最好,形成了以1∶13相为主相的合金,温度过高或过低所形成的1∶13相的相对含量都会减少。烧结时间增加或缩短也会导致1∶13相的相对含量减少。此外,还对在LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2粉末中加入LaFe0.9Co0.27Si1.17作为烧结助剂对合金成相的影响进行了研究。结果表明,加入烧结助剂后有助于合金的成相,加入质量分数为25%的LaFe0.9Co0.27Si1.17作为烧结助剂在1100℃烧结4 h所形成的合金几乎是单一的1∶13相,仅含极少量点状分布的富含镧的杂相。而LaFe10.8Co0.7Si1.5C0.2块状铸锭在1100℃退火4 h后仍含有α-Fe相和1∶1∶1相。可以看出,用粉末冶金法制备La(Fe,Co,Si)13磁制冷合金的热处理时间得到极大缩短。     

热处理对LaFe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.1)B_(0.2)合金磁热效应的影响

在高温(1170℃)下对LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1B0.2合金进行0h,1h,3h,6h,24h和72h热处理,测量了其磁热效应,并利用XRD和SEM进行结构和相组织分析。结果表明合金铸态以α-Fe相为主,随着热处理时间增加,α-Fe相逐渐减少,而NaZn13相(1∶13相)增加,时间太长(72h)α-Fe相组织变大;磁热效应T-ΔTad曲线峰值也随着时间增加,在6h时达到最大值,之后下降,而居里点有所升高。     

Cr,Mn,Co,Ni替代对LaFe11.5Si1.5磁性与磁热效应的影响

通过X射线衍射和磁性测量手段研究了由Cr,Mn,Co,Ni原子替代LaFe11.5Si1.5化合物中的Fe原子,对化合物结构、磁性与磁热效应的影响.结果表明:替代后的所有化合物的主相均为NaZn13型立方结构并存在杂相,衍射数据精修图表明杂相分别为1.3％的α-Fe相和2.5％的LaFeSi相.Cr,Mn和Ni的替代Fe使LaFe11.5 Si1.5化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度下降,而Co的替代化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度且增加.所有的替代均使化合物的热滞下降.对Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni替代Fe的化合物在0～5.0T的磁场下最大磁熵变-△Sm分别为23.8,19.8,26.4,20.0和25.9 J·(kg·K)-1.     

热处理工艺对LaFe_(10.85)Co_(0.65)Si_(1.5)C_(0.2)化合物成相的影响

分析了LaFe10.85Co0.65Si1.5C0.2在不同温度下,经过不同时间热处理后的相组成、微观组织特点、相变和磁性能。XRD衍射结果表明,经过温度高于1353 K的3天热处理后,LaFe10.85Co0.65Si1.5C0.2样品均得到了具有NaZn13结构的基体相。但是α-Fe的含量随退火温度增加而逐渐增加。样品的居里温度在300 K左右,在2.0 T外加磁场下最大磁熵变-ΔSM达到4.7 J·kg-1·K-1,是一种很好的室温磁致冷材料。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.