Quick regulation of sinusoidal output current in PWMconverter-inverter system

An induction motor drive system composed of a current output-type power converter and a current source inverter with sinusoidal input and output voltage/current is presented. Pulsewidth modulation (PWM) strategies with GTOs are applied to the converter and the inverter sections from the point of view of reduction of the current harmonics and suppression of the motor torque pulsations. A simple method for quick regulation of the AC output current amplitude is presented and applied to the PWM inverter section. To demonstrate the improvement in the current response of the inverter, a slip frequency/current regulation of an induction motor is considered. The experimental results of steady-state and dynamic operations of the motor are shown. The merits and demerits of this control method are discussed     

Output filters for PWM drives with induction motors

When an induction motor is energized from a pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter, through long connecting cables, its insulation system can be severely stressed. The high dv/dt voltage pulses at the output of the inverter cause traveling waves in the connecting cable between the inverter and the motor. When the traveling wave reaches the motor, a large impedance mismatch is present which leads to a reflected voltage wave that, when added to the incoming incident wave, can reach two times the inverter output voltage. The resulting overvoltage at the motor terminals stresses the insulation system and can lead to reduced motor life. Various output filter arrangements can be used to condition the inverter output voltage before it is applied to the cable. The advantage of adding output filtering is that the dielectric stress on the motor insulation and the inverter cable charging current can both be reduced. The major disadvantages of adding filtering is that they represent extra cost, they require extra mounting space, and they introduce extra losses in the system. The most commonly used types of inverter output filters are: simple output line inductors; output limit filter; sine wave output filter; and motor termination filter. These filters are discussed     

变频调速电动机最佳起动频率选择

分析了PWN控制电压型变频器供电变频调速电动机,在不同的起动频率下起动时,电动机转动转矩和起动电流的变化规律,以及由于高次谐波引起的趋肤效应使定、转子导体电阻阻值显著增加对电动机起动特性的影响,寻找到既满足电动机起动转矩要求,又不超过变频器过载电流的最佳起动频率范围。     

电压型逆变器供电的异步电动机转矩的分析与计算

由于电压型逆变器输出的电压和电流波形中含有大量谐波,使异步电动机低速时的转矩脉动,转速波动。文中采用频域法推导了PWM型逆变器供电时,异步电动机转矩的计算公式,并就其中的恒定转矩和谐波转矩分量进行了分析,对一台2．2KW,SPWM电压源逆变器供电的三相异步发动机低频稳态时的转矩计算和实验结果进行了比较,结果较接近,在已矩逆变器输出电压波形和电机参烤的情况下,利用本方法计算电机输出转矩,方法简单实用。     

逆变器供电的感应电动机谐波转矩分析与计算

电压型逆变器输出的电压和电流波形中含有大量谐波,导致异步电动机低速时的转矩脉动和转速波动。文章在分析高次时间谐波产生的谐波脉动转矩基础上,介绍了用虚位移原理计算感应电动机谐波脉动转矩的方法。编制了感应电动机转矩的计算机程序,并用一计算实例对电动机谐波转矩进行了分析和计算。     

Steady-State and Stability Analysis of Induction Motor Driven by Current Source Inverter

Steady-state characteristics and instability of an induction motor driven by current source inverter are studied in comparison with the system driven by voltage source inverter. It is shown that as the speed is increased the electromagnetic torque takes three extremities a maximum torque is close to the standstill and a minimum and a second maximum torques are near to the synchronous speed. Thus the magnitude of the starting torque is slightly less than the breakdown torque and larger than that for the voltage source type. Operation close to the synchronous speed is impractical, because of the higher copper loss and lower efficiency due to the increase of current and the decrease of the power factor with increasing speed. As this fact prevails also in the negative slip region, a dynamic brake action rather than a regenerative braking action will be obtained. Over a wide range of slip, higher torques than those for the voltage source type are obtained. Instability appears usually as a sustained oscillation on armature voltage and current. Applying the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, several instability boundaries for various parameters are described. Some experimental results are presented which show essential agreement with the theory.     

基于高功率因数控制的永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统控制策略

永磁同步电机无电解电容驱动系统因其成本与寿命的优势,在白色家电领域逐步得到广泛的应用。然而,由于使用小容量的薄膜电容取代大容量的电解电容,母线电压会以两倍工频波动,在母线电压处于波谷时,逆变器输出电压容易饱和,导致控制性能恶化,网侧电流畸变。因此,提出了一种基于高功率因数控制的转矩控制环和电压矢量修正策略,能够有效提升网侧功率因数,抑制网侧电流谐波并符合IEC 61000-3-2标准。该算法的有效性通过仿真得以验证。     

变频调速系统应用中共模干扰问题及其分析模型

讨论了交流变频调速系统中普遍存在的共模干扰问题,包括电机轴承损坏、局部绕组绝缘击穿和电磁干扰(EMI).通过对双PWM变频调速系统共模干扰机理的研究,建立了变频调速器、传输电缆及交流电机的共模等效电路,分别用于对轴电压和轴电流的研究及仿真.提出了通过控制整流器和逆变器的PWM开关相位,有效降低变频调速系统共模电压的方法.     

Design considerations for an inverter output filter to mitigate theeffects of long motor leads in ASD applications

Design considerations for an inverter output filter to mitigate the effects of long motor leads in adjustable-speed drive (ASD) applications are presented. It is shown by analysis that, for a given length of cable, reducing the dv/dt of the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverter output voltage applied to the cable below a critical value will eliminate overvoltages due to voltage reflections. Design issues for a low-pass filter at the inverter output terminals to reduce the dv/dt of the inverter output pulse are examined in detail. The filter operation is verified for the entire variable frequency range of the inverter. The performance of the filter is evaluated through simulations and experimentally on a 460 V commercially available AC motor drive (PWM insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)). The proposed inverter output filter is then compared with a motor terminal shunt filter also designed to reduce overvoltages and ringing at the motor terminals     

新能源并网输电电缆谐波谐振分析及抑制方法

光伏发电或风力发电的选址距配电网一般较远,往往需要通过电缆进行连接。由于电缆的寄生电容较大,使得配电网中的谐波电压在长电缆中出现谐波谐振的问题。在电缆线路终端加入电阻可以有效阻尼电缆上的谐波谐振,且最优的电阻值为电缆的特征阻抗。利用分布式能源并网逆变器,在输出基波有功能量的同时,通过有源谐波电阻的控制策略在连续的谐波频率上模拟纯电阻的特性,可以实现阻尼宽频域谐波谐振的功能。文中首先建立了电缆线路的分布参数模型,并且分析了由于新能源并网接入点电压谐波而引起的电缆线路谐波谐振问题。然后,基于有源谐波电阻的思想,提出一种新的谐波电流指令生成方法,可以实现新能源并网逆变器在连续的谐波频率上呈现纯电阻特性。最后,利用仿真和实验验证了理论分析的正确性及所提出谐波电流控制方式的有效性。     

PWM-CSI induction motor drive with phase angle control

The authors describe a pulse-width-modulated current-source inverter drive system using an induction motor. Its dominant feature is that it provides adequate control of either torque or speed over a wide range without requiring a shaft position or speed sensor. The capacitor-loaded current-source invertor system has the advantages of simplicity, low switching frequency, four-quadrant operation, overcurrent protection, and low harmonic content in the motor current and voltage. The choice of maximum value for the capacitor depends on the degree of nonlinearity that can be tolerated in the torque-stator current relation, whereas its minimum value depends on the need for a low impedance path for inverter current harmonics. The control strategy is based on the concept of controlling the stator phase angle of the induction motor. The stator voltage is sensed, and the current-source inverter is used to inject current into the motor with the desired phase angle     

A Simple Control System for Current Source Inverter-Fed Induction Motor Drives

A simple control system for induction motor drives with the current source inverter is presented. This system is based on the idea of field-orientated control. In contrast to well-known ways of realization a torque proportional quantity is calculated from stator voltage and current without explicit flux calculation or integration. A speed sensor is not required. The theoretical principles of this method are discussed. Some transients which illustrate the performance of some different system variants are presented.     

最少拍电流控制在海口动车牵引系统中的应用

在动车牵引系统中,逆变器输入电压较高（1800 V）,为了降低功率模块开关损耗和减少散热,牵引逆变器的开关频率通常较低,只有几百赫兹,而动车牵引异步电机的调速范围较宽,输出频率可达200 Hz,转速较高时的载波比较低。在这种情况下,由于每个电周期内的电流调节次数减少,常规电流PI控制器性能变差,无法达到系统要求。为此,将异步电机电压、电流等方程进行复矢量处理,建立了包含延时影响的离散数学模型,在此基础上,设计无差拍电流控制器。通过Simulink仿真及在海口动车线装车进行试验,试验结果表明基于复矢量的最少拍电流控制器在动车牵引异步电机运行过程中具有较好的动态及稳态性能,转矩/励磁反馈电流均能较好地跟随转矩/励磁给定电流。并且在牵引/制动过程中,电压和电流变化平稳,无明显振荡。     

电机驱动用新型谐振直流环节电压源逆变器

为了实现电机控制系统的高功率密度和高性能运行,必须提高逆变器的工作频率以提高功率变换器的效率和增强性能。然而,较高的工作频率会引起严重的电磁干扰和开关损耗从而导致系统整体效率降低。软开关技术被认为是解决上述问题的有效方法,结合软开关技术的优点和脉宽调制(pulse width modulation, PWM)控制的特点,提出了一种新的用于电机驱动系统的谐振直流环节软开关电压源逆变器,通过在传统硬开关逆变器的直流环节添加辅助谐振单元,实现了逆变桥开关器件的PWM软开关动作,同时,辅助谐振单元的开关也为软开关操作。文中阐述了该软开关逆变器拓扑的动作时序和动作模式,并对软开关动作时序的瞬态过渡过程进行了数学分析。对提出的新型软开关逆变器驱动无刷直流电机进行了仿真和实验研究,结果验证了电路结构和理论分析的正确性与可行性。     

Current regulated PWM-CSI induction motor drive system without aspeed sensor

This paper deals with a current source inverter-induction motor drive system without a speed sensor, and the speed estimation with only sense of the motor voltage is investigated. The input DC link current which is kept constant by a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) converter with sinusoidal input current is supplied to the PWM inverter. The inverter output current with sinusoidal wave is directly regulated by employing the modulation index control of the PWM strategy. The motor is driven by a slip frequency/current regulation control. The motor speed is estimated by using the measured voltage and current, or using the measured voltage and the estimated current. The filter capacitor which is installed in the inverter circuit is taken into consideration for the current estimation. A digital signal processor is employed for calculation. As the PWM pulse of the inverter is calculated by an online real-time system, the quick regulation of the sinusoidal output current is achieved. The experiments show that the high performance steady state behavior and the acceleration/deceleration characteristics with smooth drives and low noise of the motor is obtained     

Influence of Inverter Output Filter on Maximum Torque and Speed of PMSM Drives

This paper deals with the maximum torque and speed of permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives when the inverter output voltage is filtered by an LC filter with a cutoff frequency well below the switching frequency. According to steady-state analysis, the filter affects the performance of the motor drive, especially at high speeds. The stator current is not equal to the inverter current, and due to the inverter current and inverter voltage limits, the torque-maximizing stator current locus differs from that of a drive without the filter. A field-weakening method is proposed for PMSM drives with an inverter output filter. The method is implemented and tested in a 2.2-kW PMSM drive. The experimental results agree well with the analysis, and validate the high-speed performance of the proposed field-weakening method.      

交流伺服系统逆变器死区效应分析与补偿新方法

死区效应的存在使得逆变器输出电压和电流不能跟踪参考电压和电流,同时输出增加了谐波分量,使系统的输出转矩存在很大脉动,尤其电机在低速运行时,可能导致系统的不稳定。针对此问题分析了死区效应对于交流伺服系统的影响,特别是低速运行时对电流波形的影响。提出了一种新型的在线延时补偿算法,该算法可以省掉开关器件没有必要的开通和关断,且不需要任何额外的硬件电路和离线的实验测量,具有实现简单、输出波形谐波含量小等特点,较好地降低了系统在低频时输出电流的脉动。仿真与实验表明该算法有效、可行。     

PWM逆变器输出端共模与差模电压 dv/dt滤波器设计

PWM逆变器直接驱动电机时会产生较高dv/dt的共模电压,并由此产生轴承电流和共模漏电流以及严重的电磁干扰(EMI).特别是当逆变器通过长线电缆与电机连接时,由于电缆中分布参数的影响,会在电机端产生电压反射现象,从而在电机端会产生2倍以上的过电压,导致线圈绝缘失败.本文通过对PWM逆变器驱动电机系统产生的共模以及差模电压分析,提出了一种改进型的逆变器端无源滤波器,并给出了参数的设计方法.与传统的滤波器相比,该滤波器可对共模及差模电压dv/dt同时起到抑制作用,从而减小了由此产生的负面效应.实验结果验证了该滤波器的有效性.     

异步电机直接转矩控制系统分段启动方法

针对异步电动机直接转矩控制系统启动时磁链和转矩建立过快易产生定子过电流,而过流时施加零电压矢量引起转矩波动较大、定子磁链轨迹严重畸变,造成启动过程不稳定,甚至启动失败等问题,提出一种带电流滞环控制的分段启动策略.在启动过程中对磁链、转矩的幅值分段控制,使磁链、转矩逐渐增加,保证加快启动又避免磁链和转矩建立过快而使定子电流过流.利用Matlab对分段启动方法进行仿真.结果表明分段控制策略获得了比较满意的性能.     

电动汽车用异步电动机低速转矩最大化

电动汽车用异步电动机经常会遇到爬坡等低速重载运行工况,特别对于低压大电流的交流异步电动机,在逆变器电流限制条件下实现转矩最大化非常重要。以电机稳态电路为基础,建立电流约束条件下基于非线性励磁电感的低速转矩最大化模型。模型分析表明该最优问题可以简化为一维搜索问题,并采用经典的搜索算法在低速范围进行求解。实际电机计算结果和理论分析表明,整个低速范围内最大转矩值工作点的转矩值、齿部磁通密度、转差率几乎保持恒值,相当饱和的磁场导致严重的非线性。非线性励磁电感应用于改进的空间矢量控制系统,实现大电流约束条件下低速转矩最大化运行,仿真结果表明控制方法的正确性。实验结果也验证了转矩优化模型、模型分析结论及改进的空间矢量控制方法的正确性。