粉状聚丙烯增韧增强研究

采用机械共混方法对粉状聚丙烯（PP）进行了增韧增强研究，探讨了增韧剂、增强剂和有少量自制的固相甲基丙烯酸（MAA）接枝粉状聚丙烯（PP-g-MAA)作增容剂存在下对粉状PP共混体系力学性能的影响，用热重分析法考察了改性粉状PP的热性能。结果表明，（乙烯／丙烯／二烯）共聚物（EPDM）／高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）为复合增韧剂，具有协同作用，可显著提高共混物的冲击强度：PP-g-MAA能明显改善PP／玻纤两相的界面结合力；PP／EPDM／HDPE玻璃纤维共混体系可以获得理想的增韧增强效果。     

马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯及其共混物

用双螺杆挤出机通过反应性挤出制备了马来酸酐熔融接枝的聚丙烯(PP),对均聚PP、嵌段共聚PP、PP/三元乙丙橡胶和PP/聚烯烃热塑性弹性体复合体系与马来酸酐的熔融接枝及其工艺条件进行了探讨.结果表明,采用嵌段共聚PP接枝马来酸酐,在螺杆温度190～210 ℃、过氧化二异丙苯质量分数0.1%、马来酸酐质量分数1.5%及苯乙烯质量分数1.8%时,可获得接枝率3.8%的PP接枝聚合物.用该接枝聚合物与PP、高密度聚乙烯及聚烯烃热塑性弹性体熔融共混制备的黏合性涂覆树脂能够满足化工容器防腐专用料的性能要求.     

环氧化三元乙丙胶与苯乙烯—马来酸酐共聚物的共混行为研究

利用反应共混技术实现了环氧化三元乙丙橡胶（e-EPDM）对苯乙烯－马来酸酐（SMA）共聚物的增韧改性。以EPDM／SMA共混体系为参比,考察了共混物结构、流变行为、冲击性能和断面形态。结果表明,e－EPDM与SMA反应共混可原位形成偶联接枝产物,改善共混体系的相容程度,提高SMA的韧性。     

尼龙66改性研究

用三元乙丙胶(EPDM)和三元乙丙胶接枝马来酸酐(MA)的共聚物(EPDM-g-MA)作为增韧增容材料,研究了PA66与EPDM-g-MA组成的二元共混体系(PA66/EPDM-g-MA)及PA66、EPDM和FPDM-g-MA组成的三元共混体系(PA66/EPDM/EPDM-g-MA)的各种力学性能。结果表明:随着EPDM-g-MA含量的增加,PA66/EPDM-g-MA二元共混体系的耐冲击性能明显提高,当EPDM-g-MA含量为20％(质量)时、Izod缺口冲击强度为纯PA66的7倍,但拉伸强度、模量等随之下降;对于PA66/EPDM/EPDM-g-MA三元共混体系,其力学性能介于PA66/EPDM和PA66/EPDM-g-MA两种二元共混体系之间。此外,本文还对EPDM与MA接枝物及EPDM与马来酸二丁酯(DBM)接枝物的制备作了初步探讨。     

MAH接枝EPDM增韧PA66的研究

研究了MAH(马来酸酐)接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM—g-MAH)对尼龙66(PA66)的增韧作用。利用SEM(扫描电镜)观察了共混体系的微观形貌(形态结构)，并运用小角激光散射(SALS)方法研究了EPDM的加入对PA66结晶性能的影响。结果表明，未接枝的EPDM与PA66的相容性很差，而EPDM—g—MAH与PA66相容性明显增加，EPDM-g—MAH粒子均匀分散在PA66中，共混体系力学性能有很大提高。随着EPDM—g—MAH用量的增加，PA66球晶尺寸变小，共混体系界面结合更加紧密。     

PP/共聚PP/POE汽车保险杠专用料的研制

研制了PP／共聚PP／聚烯烃弹性体(POE)汽车保险杠专用料，介绍了POE的结构特点，探讨了POE及共聚PP含量对PP力学等性能的影响。结果表明，POE对PP的增韧优于(乙烯/丙烯／二烯)共聚物(EPDM)，共聚PP在PP／共聚PP／POE体系中也起到增韧作用，该共混料可以满足汽车保险杠性能的要求。     

小本体聚丙烯共混改性汽车专用料的研制

以小本体聚丙烯（PP）为基料，通过与共聚丙烯9CPP）、聚烯烃弹性体（POE）、硅灰石以及其它且剂共混改性，制得保险杠、门板汽车专用料。检测分析表明，PP／CPP／POE／硅灰石共混体系配方设计合理、工艺路线、参数正确。当PP：CPP：POE：硅灰石质量比为45－48：26－29：19－22：4－6时，共混料完全可以满足汽车保险杠性能要求，当PP：CPP：POE：硅灰石质量比为45－50：27－29：3－6：17－20时，共混料完全可以满足汽车门板性能要求，研究中发现，POE改性PP的综合性能好于EPDM等传统增韧剂；硅灰石也有一定的增韧功能，部分起到了玻璃短纤维的作用。     

PP-g-MAH增容PET/PA66共混体系的研究

采用单螺杆挤出机熔融接出制备了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP－g-MAH)。用PP－g-MAH增容PET／PA66制备了PET/PA66／PP－g-MAH共混物。利用扫描电镜观察共混物的形态结构发现，PP－g-MAH的加入改善了PET与PA66的相容性。力学性能测试结果表明，加入15％的PP－g-MAH，使PET／PA66／PP－g-MAH的冲击强度比PET／PA66提高2倍多，弯曲强度，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均得到改善，可得到综合性能较好的共混材料。     

尼龙／乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐共混体系的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机利用熔融挤出法制备了增韧的尼龙66／乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物接枝马来酸酐共混物（PA66／EV－g-MAH）。实验结果表明，未经接枝改性的EVA与PA66是不相容的，对增韧PA66几乎没有贡献，而EVA－g-MAH则出现了明显的增韧效果。在熔融挤出过程中，PA66与EVA－g-MAH发生了原位化学反应，生成了PA66－EVA共聚物，这种共聚物细化了分散相尺寸，使得分散相在PA66基体中分散得更均匀，提高了两相的相容性，同时增强了丙相界面间的结合力，便利应力能够在两相产有效地传递，这种界面形态的改善直接影响到共混物力学性能的变化。随着EVA－g-MAH含量的增加，PA66/EVA-g-MAH共混物的冲击强度提高，当PA66／EVA－g-MAH的共混比为70／30（质量比）进，体系发生了脆韧转变，冲击强度达到了最大，比纯PA66、PA66／EVA（70／30）共混物提高了12倍。和PE－g-MAH、PP-g-MAH相比，EVA-g-MAH对PA66的增韧效果最好。     

POE-g-MAH和CaCO_3协同增韧增强PA66的研究

采用熔融挤出过程中改变螺杆转速和添加引发剂的复合引发方法制备了聚烯烃弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-gMAH),将其单独或与CaCO_3混合后改性聚酰胺66(PA66)。研究了175℃下引发剂用量、螺杆转速对POE-g-MAH的熔体流动速率、接枝率的影响。探讨了接枝物和碳酸钙对PA66力学性能、热变形温度的影响。结果表明:提高螺杆转速可以有效控制接枝物凝胶含量,增大接枝率和熔体流动速率;二元复合材料PA66/POE-g-MAH在接枝物为30份时缺口冲击强度为22.57kJ/m~2,是纯PA66的2.56倍,热变形温度呈下降趋势;碳酸钙与POE-g-MAH能够协同增韧PA66,碳酸钙为15份时三元复合材料的力学性能和热变形温度最佳。     

Morphology and properties of PBT/nylon 6/EVA‐g‐MAH ternary blends prepared by reactive extrusion

Morphology and properties of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/nylon 6 (PA6)/EVA‐g‐MAH ternary blends were investigated. The blends were prepared in a corotating, intermeshing, twin‐screw extruder. The incorporation of maleic anhyride (MAH) grafted onto ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) (EVA‐g‐MAH) in the PBT/PA6 binary blends decreased the tensile and flexural strength but increased the impact strength, while the mechanical properties of the PBT/PA6 blends were decreased with increasing PA6 content regardless of the presence or absence of the EVA‐g‐MAH. The morphology studies of the ternary blends showed gross phase separation. The rheological properties of the ternary blends suggested that excessively high reactivity between amine end groups of PA6 and MAH grafted onto EVA makes the compatibility between PBT and PA6 worse, although EVA‐g‐MAH was expected to work as a compatibilizer for PBT/PA6 blends. The degree of reactivity between functional groups in PBT, PA6, and EVA‐g‐MAH was also examined by investigating the effect of blending sequence on the properties of the ternary blends.     

PP-g-(MAH/VAc)接枝物对PP/PA6体系的增容作用

通过扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪和力学性能测试等方法研究了聚丙烯接枝马来酸配和酷酸乙烯酷(PP-g-MAH/VAc)对聚丙烯康酸胺6(80/20}共混体系的增容效果。结果表明,PP-g-(MAH/DAc)用于PP/PA6共混体系,分散相PA6的微区尺寸可以减小到5μm以下,相应地提高了共混物的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度和冲击强度。使用接枝率为5.3%的PP-g-(MAH/VAc)作为相容剂,当用量为8%时,体系的拉伸强度为60.88MPa,断裂伸长率为558%,冲击强度为5.28KJ/㎡.DSC分析表明,PP/PA6共混体系各组分相互促进成核,结晶度降低。FTIR结果表明,PP-g-(MAH/VAc)中的MAH上的酸配基团与PA6中的酸胺键发生了化学反应从而改善了体系的相容性。     

PA66/EPDM-g-MAH/CaCO_3复合材料的性能

采用熔融挤出过程中改变螺杆转速和添加引发剂的复合引发方法制备了马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM-g-MAH),将其单独或与CaCO_3混合后改性聚酰胺66(PA66)。通过滴定分析、红外表征和熔体流动速率(MFR)测定等方法研究了175℃条件下螺杆转速对EPDM-g-MAH的MFR和接枝率的影响。探讨了接枝物和CaCO_3对PA66力学性能、热变形温度的影响。研究结果表明,改变螺杆转速可以有效控制接枝物凝胶含量(1%),提高接枝率和MFR;当接枝物用量为30份时,PA66/EPDM-g-MAH复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度为34.24 k J/m2,是纯PA66的3.89倍;当CaCO_3用量小于15份时,两种CaCO_3与EPDM-g-MAH均能够协同增韧PA66,当PA66/EPDM-g-MAH/CaCO_3配比为100/30/10时,加入超细活性重质CaCO_3及纳米CaCO_3的复合材料的简支梁缺口冲击强度均达到最大值,分别为纯PA66的4.35倍和4.10倍,超细活性重质CaCO_3的作用优于纳米CaCO_3。超细活性重质CaCO_3用量为20份时,PA66/EPDM-g-MAH复合材料的弯曲强度、热变形温度及MFR最佳,分别为59.42 MPa、81.6℃及9 g/(10 min)。     

尼龙6共混增韧改性的研究

利用双螺杆挤出机通过熔融共混制备了尼龙6/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM g MAH)和尼龙6/接枝三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM g MAH)塑料合金,并研究测定了其吸水性、力学性能和流变行为。结果表明:接枝三元乙丙橡胶明显改善尼龙6与三元乙丙橡胶之间的相容性,合金的吸水率明显降低,在保持较高强度的同时冲击性能远远优于尼龙6,接近或超过韧性尼龙;熔体指数明显下降、成型加工性较尼龙6明显改善。     

POE-g-MA对nano-CaCO3/PA66复合材料结构和性能的影响

通过双螺杆熔融共混法制备了纳米碳酸钙/马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物/尼龙66(nano-CaCO3/POE-g-MA/PA66)三元复合材料,采用SEM、DSC和XRD等手段表征了材料的形貌和结构,研究了弹性体POE-g-MA的含量和物料共混顺序对nano-CaCO3/PA66(20/80)复合材料力学性能﹑加工性能和复合材料形貌的影响。研究表明,POE-g-MA与尼龙基体具有较好的相容性,能细微地分散在复合材料中。POE-g-MA能促进复合材料中PA66的结晶,有效改善nano-CaCO3/PA66复合材料的冲击性能﹑断裂伸长率和加工性能。与一步同时共混法相比较,nano-CaCO3先与PA66共混后再与POE-g-MA共混的二步共混法,更有利于提高nano-CaCO3的分散程度和nano-CaCO3/POE-g-MA/PA66(20/10/70)三元复合材料的综合力学性能。     

Hot melt adhesive properties of PA/TPU blends compatibilized by EVA-g-MAH

A new copolyamide (PA52) with good adhesion to aluminum (Al) sheets was synthesized from caprolactam, nylon 66 salt, nylon 1010 salt, and stearic acid, and a series of PA52/TPU blends compatibilized by maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA-g-MAH) were prepared for use as hot melt adhesives. In the ternary blends (PA52/EVA-g-MAH/TPU), the weight ratio of PA52 to TPU was kept constant at 50/50 and the amount of EVA-g-MAH was varied at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt% over the total weight of the blend, respectively. The solubility parameters were taken into account to describe the partial compatibility of PA52/TPU blends. The effects of EVA-g-MAH content on the melt viscosity, morphology, mechanical and thermal properties of ternary blends were systematically investigated, and the adhesion strength of hot melt adhesives based on the ternary blends were determined in terms of 90° peeling strength tests of Al/adhesive/ABS stacks. The results showed that the melt viscosity of ternary blends were greater than that of PA52/TPU blend, and the blend containing 6 wt% EVA-g-MAH exhibited an optimal miscibility behavior and excellent mechanical properties, at the same time, its peeling strength reached the maximum (120 N/25 mm).     

Synergetic toughness and morphology of poly(propylene)/nylon 11/maleated ethylene‐propylene diene copolymer blends

Polypropylene (PP)/nylon 11/maleated ethylene‐propylene‐diene rubber (EPDM‐g‐MAH) ternary polymer blends were prepared via melt blending in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The effect of nylon 11 and EPDM‐g‐MAH on the phase morphology and mechanical properties was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that there was apparent phase separation for PP/EPDM‐g‐MAH binary blends at the level of 10 wt % maleated elastomer. For the PP/nylon 11/EPDM‐g‐MAH ternary blends, the dispersed phase morphology of the maleated elastomer was hardly affected by the addition of nylon 11, whereas the reduced dispersed phase domains of nylon 11 were observed with the increasing maleated elastomer loading. Furthermore, a core‐shell structure, in which nylon 11 as a rigid core was surrounded by a soft EPDM‐g‐MAH shell, was formed in the case of 10 wt % nylon 11 and higher EPDM‐g‐MAH concentration. In general, the results of mechanical property measurement showed that the ternary blends exhibited inferior tensile strength in comparison with the PP matrix, but superior toughness. Especially low‐temperature impact strength was obtained. The toughening mechanism was discussed with reference to the phase morphology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

EPDM接枝共聚物对MXD6/PA6/EPDM共混物性能的影响

以马来酸酐接枝三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM-g-MAH）为反应性增容剂,通过熔融共混制得聚间苯二甲胺己二酸/聚酰胺6/三元乙丙橡胶（MXD6/PA6/EPDM）共混物。采用Molau实验研究了共混物的相容性,利用哈克转矩流变仪、差示扫描量热仪、偏光显微镜和热重分析仪等研究了MXD6/PA6/EPDM共混物的流变性能、熔融行为、结晶行为以及耐热性能。结果表明,由于EPDM-g-MAH的引入,共混物的平衡扭矩增大,PA6相与EPDM相界面黏附力明显提高;EPDM-g-MAH的引入导致共混物的球晶形貌规整性变差,成核密度下降,结晶速率减慢;随着EPDM含量的增加,共混物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）和熔融温度（Tm）均呈下降趋势;EPDM-g-MAH的引入提高了共混物的热稳定性。     

剪切作用下POE-g-MAH和PP-g-MAH对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用

采用熔融共混的方法制备了聚酰胺1010/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混物,通过扫描电镜、力学性能和差示扫描量热等方法研究了剪切作用下马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物（POE-g-MAH）和马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（PP-g-MAH）对PA1010/PP共混物的增容作用。结果表明,同样条件下,PP-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸较小,相界面更模糊,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显提高,共混物的拉伸强度和冲击强度均高于非增容体系。而POE-g-MAH增容体系的相区尺寸相对较大,PP相的结晶温度和结晶度明显降低,共混物只有冲击强度明显高于非增容体系,拉伸强度略低于非增容体系。