混杂纤维增强高强混凝土性能研究

为研究钢纤维、聚乙烯醇纤维混杂比例对高强混凝土性能的影响,通过合理设计坍落度试验、力学强度试验、收缩试验、抗裂试验、抗氯离子侵蚀试验,对比评价了纤维混杂比例对高强混凝土工作性、抗折强度、收缩性、抗裂性能以及氯离子渗透系数的影响。结果表明,钢纤维和聚乙烯醇纤维降低了新拌混合物的工作性。与单掺纤维相比,混杂纤维对高强混凝土力学性能改善效果不明显,但可明显改善混凝土抗裂性能,开裂面积抑制率最大为95.8%,同时能使高强混凝土收缩率和氯离子分别降低27.7%和66.5%,明显提高高强混凝土的耐久性能。通过扫描电镜试验分析探讨了纤维增强混凝土的作用机理,结果表明混杂纤维对基体内部结构的改善实现了对混凝土宏观性能的提升,最终推荐采用0.75%(体积分数)钢纤维和0.25%(体积分数)聚乙烯醇纤维。     

基于孔结构分形的混杂纤维混凝土抗冻性能研究

为研究粉煤灰掺量对钢-聚丙烯纤维混凝土抗冻性能的影响,设计并制备6种粉煤灰替代率的混杂纤维混凝土,对其进行冻融循环及盐冻循环试验,测试其质量损失、相对动弹模量及弯曲韧性。基于热力学模型计算冻融前后混凝土孔结构分形维数,建立分形维数与混凝土弯曲韧性之间的关系。结果表明:当粉煤灰质量掺量为5%~15%时,随粉煤灰掺量增多,混杂纤维混凝土的抗冻性能明显提升;继续增加粉煤灰掺量至20%,混杂纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性开始降低。混杂纤维混凝土内部孔具有明显的分形特征,分形维数与无害、少害孔总孔隙占比及多害孔孔隙占比均有良好的线性相关性。同时,混杂纤维混凝土孔分形维数与峰值荷载、能量吸收值呈正相关,分形维数越大,混凝土所能承受的峰值荷载越高、能量吸收值越大。     

混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

纤维以其塑性变形小、强度高、韧性大等优点在混凝土中得到越来越广泛的应用,但由于不同纤维的尺度与性能不同,导致其对混凝土的力学性能影响结果不同,因此本文分别对单掺、双掺仿钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混凝土、钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度进行了试验研究,并将其与普通混凝土的力学性能进行比较。结果表明,纤维混凝土较普通混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度都有明显提高,且混杂纤维较单一纤维混凝土的强度提高更为明显,混杂纤维混凝土的强度与钢纤维混凝土强度相差不大,并以成本低、分散性好、不易锈蚀等优点可以取代钢纤维在某些工程中的应用。     

粉煤灰对混杂纤维混凝土性能的影响研究

本文研究了粉煤灰对混杂纤维(钢/聚丙烯纤维)增强混凝土工作性和土力学性能的影响。结合试验结果,分析了掺入粉煤灰后混凝土工作性及力学性能改变的原因,进而分析了粉煤灰对混杂纤维混凝土性能影响的机理。     

混杂纤维增强超高性能透水混凝土的弯曲性能研究

超高性能透水混凝土(UHPPC)是海绵城市建设过程中不可或缺的重载道路铺装材料,但韧性不足是UHPPC重载铺装易于开裂的主要原因。本文通过引入碳酸钙晶须、聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维和聚乙烯(PE)纤维,制备了新型混杂纤维增强UHPPC材料,研究了其抗压强度、透水能力和弯曲性能。研究发现,添加PVA纤维或PE纤维均能够提高UHPPC的抗压强度、抗弯强度和极限挠度,且PVA纤维的提升效果优于PE纤维。与单掺PVA纤维或PE纤维相比,混杂使用碳酸钙晶须则进一步地提高了UHPPC的抗压强度、抗弯强度和极限挠度,与PE纤维与碳酸钙晶须混杂相比,PVA纤维混杂碳酸钙晶须对UHPPC抗压强度、抗弯强度、极限挠度和裂缝开展模式的改善效果最佳。但是,添加PVA纤维或PE纤维均降低了UHPPC的透水系数,而引入碳酸钙晶须则进一步加剧了透水系数的降低效果,尤其是混杂使用PVA纤维和碳酸钙晶须,UHPPC透水系数的下降最为明显,但依然达到了1.05 mm/s,满足工程使用要求。     

混杂纤维复合材料性能研究

对碳纤维织物、玻璃纤维织物和芳纶织物的性能进行测试,采用热熔法分别制备了一种增韧中温固化环氧碳纤维织物预浸料、玻璃纤维织物预浸料和芳纶织物预浸料。预浸料以单种预浸料铺层和不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层方式铺贴组合,通过模压法成型复合材料层合板,进行性能测试并对比。结果表明,增韧中温固化环氧树脂的不同纤维织物预浸料混合铺层成型的层压板力学性能可以根据铺层设计优化,并不损失不同纤维铺层之间的界面性能。     

超早强混杂纤维混凝土断裂性能的研究

本文全面分析和研究了超早强混杂纤维混凝土的断裂性能,实验采用不同的钢纤维体积率,对混凝土试件进行三点弯曲实验,量化各纤维体积率对断裂韧性韧性的影响效果,寻求通过优化配合比设计,有效的提高混杂纤维混凝土阻裂增韧机制。结果表明,随着钢纤维用量的增加,超早强混杂纤维混凝土的断裂性能及其增益比增加较为显著,同时改变了混凝土随龄期增加而韧性降低的现象。纤维混杂掺入超早强普通混凝土中,能够起到较好的改善基体的耗能能力、增强韧性的作用,并且在这过程中,增强韧性的作用是钢纤维起主导作用。     

钢-剑麻混杂纤维再生混凝土断裂性能研究

为改善再生混凝土(RAC)的断裂性能,通过三点弯曲断裂试验,研究了钢纤维、剑麻纤维及钢-剑麻混杂纤维对RAC试件断裂性能的影响。同时,采用数字图像相关(DIC)技术测得RAC试件的裂缝扩展全过程。结果表明：未掺纤维的RAC试件断裂性能较差,而掺入纤维后的RAC试件断裂性能明显提升;单掺钢纤维时,试件的起裂韧度与纤维掺量无关;单掺剑麻纤维时,最佳体积掺量为0.15%,其试件的起裂荷载较未掺纤维RAC试件提高了67%。单掺纤维和混掺纤维均可提高失稳韧度和断裂能,但混掺纤维效果更佳。当体积掺量为1.0%的钢纤维和体积掺量为0.30%的剑麻纤维混杂时,其起裂韧度、失稳韧度和断裂能较未掺纤维的RAC试件分别提高了83.92%、575.86%和1 244.05%。     

纤维混杂对超高性能混凝土性能影响试验研究

利用钢纤维、碳纤维及膨胀剂等制备超高性能混凝土,测试评估材料的工作性、力学性能、收缩和耐久性能及微观结构。研究表明,碳纤维替代钢纤维量1.0‰时工作性及力学性能最佳,28 d抗压与抗折强度可以达到182.9 MPa与60.9 MPa;膨胀剂4.0%掺量下效果较好,90 d膨胀率基本稳定在2?左右;水化产物微观结构致密,120 d碳化满足T-Ⅳ等级,抗硫酸盐等级大于KS60,动弹模量54.21 GPa,耐久性好。     

塑钢混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土的动力学性能

采用100mm分离式Hopkinson压杆(SHPB)装置对塑钢混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土进行冲击压缩试验,研究了塑钢混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土在不同应变率和加载方式时的动态力学性能和变化规律。结果表明:塑钢混杂纤维轻骨料混凝土同普通混凝土一样,在冲击载荷作用下表现出明显的应变率效应,动强度和峰值应变均随应变率的增加而增加;在多次冲击试验中,试件在有裂纹产生后,仍可以继续承受多次冲击才最终破坏,是良好的抵抗重复打击的防护工程材料。     

Numerical modelling of carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer and hybrid reinforced concrete beams in fire

Investigation on the fire resistance of fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete (RC) is essential for increased application of FRP bars in the construction industry. Experimental tests for determining the fire resistance of RC elements tend to be expensive and time‐consuming. Although numerical models provide an effective alternative to these tests, their use in case of FRP RC structures is hindered because of the insufficient constitutive laws for FRP bars at elevated temperatures. This paper presents the details of a numerical modelling work that was carried out for simply supported carbon FRP (CFRP) and hybrid (steel‐FRP) bar RC beams at elevated temperatures. Constitutive laws for determining temperature‐dependent strength and stiffness properties of CFRP bars are proposed. Numerical models based on finite element modelling were employed for the rational analysis of beams using the proposed constitutive laws. The behaviour of concrete was simulated by means of a smeared crack model based on the tangent stiffness solution algorithm. The employed numerical models were validated against previous experimental results. The theoretical rebar stresses were calculated in both the FRP and steel bars, and the differences are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bond performance of FRP rebars with various surface deformations in reinforced concrete

One of the methods used to overcome the corrosion problem associated with steel rebars in reinforced concrete is the application of reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars. Bonding between the rebar and concrete is one of the major factors affecting the mechanical behavior of the structures. In this study, FRP rebars with four different surface configurations and geometries were constructed and their bonding to concrete was examined. These include a pultruded rod with a smooth surface (RO), externally wound FRP rib on the pultruded rod (RT), pultruded rod with sand sprayed on the surface (RS), and a combination of the last two configurations (RTS). Bonding strength of the rebars to concrete was assessed using pull‐out test at the embedment lengths of 12 and 18 cm. Results showed that the increase in surface roughness of the rebars and hence a greater inter‐mechanical locking, plays a major role in their bonding strength to concrete. RO rebar showed the lowest bonding strength to the concrete followed by the RT rebar. Bonding strength to concrete in the latter type was entirely controlled by the adhesion strength of the externally wound FRP rib to the pultruded core. RTS rebars with embedment length of 12 cm showed greater adhesion to the concrete, where as, in samples with embedment length of 18 cm, RTS and RS rebars showed close results. In all the tests conducted, delaminating of the surface texture was the major failure mode. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Parametric finite element analysis of FRP reinforced concrete beams in fire and design guidelines

FRP bars are made of innovative materials, and use of these bars in residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure could result in their increased applications. This requires establishment of fire resistance of the FRP bar RC. This paper describes the results of a parametric study that was carried out on hybrid and carbon FRP bar RC beams. The influence of concrete strength and load ratio on the high temperature performance of beams was investigated. The study used finite element modelling and was conducted with the help of numerical models that were calibrated previously by the authors against the data of experimentally tested beams. It was found that the beam strength and stiffness reduce in the same proportion between two consecutive load ratios and are nearly uninfluenced by the concrete strength. The amount of load was found to be a critical factor for the beam thermal resistance. Preliminary guidance for FRP RC beam design in fire situation is provided on the basis of findings of the study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and analytical study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete prepared with basalt fiber under high temperature

The usage of mineral basalt fibers is a relatively novel and popular topic nowadays due to its abundant availability, low cost, and higher temperature resistance. In addition, the establishment of analytical models is beneficial because the experimental work is more time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, in this study, the inorganic mineral basalt fibers with different length and content in hybrid fiber concrete composite are investigated to assess its suitability at room temperature and under high temperature. In addition, a new analytical model for stress-stain curve of hybrid fiber concrete composite is developed and compared with the models in previous studies. The microstructure examination is also conducted after exposure to high temperature to explore the fiber morphology and interaction with matrix. The substantial improvement was indicated by addition of basalt fiber in hybrid fiber concrete for stress-strain response, peak stress, elastic modulus, peak strain, ultimate stain, toughness, and specific toughness at room temperature and at 850°C. It was revealed that the basalt fiber had demonstrated overall good appropriateness in the hybrid fiber concrete composite for all the compressive properties. Moreover, the proposed analytical model could be useful for prediction of analytical behavior from experimental data under high temperature for the research and design purposes.     

含POSS含氟杂化丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备及其涂膜疏水性

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸-β-羟乙酯(HEMA)、2-(全氟辛基)乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(FMA)、甲基丙烯酸酯基异丁基八面低聚倍半硅氧烷(MAPOSS)为单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,采用自由基溶液聚合法合成了含POSS含氟杂化丙烯酸酯共聚物。然后用二甲苯与三氟三氯乙烷的混合溶剂溶解该共聚物,将玻璃片和不锈钢滤网浸入其中,通过浸渍提拉法得到一层疏水涂膜。研究了POSS的含量对涂膜疏水性的影响。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对涂膜的表面形貌和元素进行了表征。结果表明,杂化共聚物中的POSS能够自发聚集在玻璃片和滤网表面,形成特定的粗糙结构,而随POSS含量增多,其聚集带来的表面粗糙度增加,导致涂膜的水接触角更大。当POSS质量分数为20%时,POSS聚集表面的平均粗糙度(Ra)达到209 nm,同时低表面能的氟在涂膜表面的质量分数为25.70%,结合滤网本身的微米孔结构,三者共同作用造就了涂膜滤网表面良好的疏水性,其水接触角达到144°。     

Strength,permeability, and durability of hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete containing styrene butadiene latex

Hybrid fiber‐reinforced concrete (HFRC) is examined in this study. Two types of synthetic fibers were considered: polyvinyl alcohol fiber/macro synthetic fiber (PVA/MSF) and polypropylene fiber (PP)/MSF. Styrene butadiene latex was added at 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the cement weight. Tests carried out for the study included compressive strength, flexural strength, chloride ion penetration, abrasion resistance, and impact resistance. The results demonstrated that higher latex contents improved the dispersibility of the fibers because of the increased workability of the HFRC and the improved adhesion. Formation of a latex film improved the strength, permeability resistance, abrasion resistance, and impact resistance. PVA/MSF HFRC had better properties than PP/MSF HFRC. This was attributed to stronger hydrogen bonding by the hydrophilic PVA fibers, which led to superior resistance to micro‐cracking and crack propagation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Theoretical and finite element studies of interfacial stresses in reinforced concrete beams strengthened by externally FRP laminates plate

The paper presents the results of an analytical and numerical solution for interfacial stresses in carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)–reinforced concrete (RC) hybrid beams studied by the finite element method. The analytical analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The adherend shear deformations are taken into account by assuming a parabolic shear stress through the thickness of both the concrete beam and the bonded plate. In numerical analysis, the mesh sensitivity test shows that the finite element results for interfacial stresses are not sensitive to the finite element mesh. The finite element analysis then is used to calculate the interfacial stress distribution and evaluate the effect of the structural parameters on the interfacial behavior. It is shown that both the normal and shear stresses at the interface are influenced by the material and geometry parameters of the composite beam. Numerical results from the present analysis are presented both to demonstrate the advantages of the present solution over existing ones and to illustrate the main characteristics of interfacial stress distributions. We can conclude that this research is helpful for the understanding the mechanical behavior of the interface and design of the FRP–RC hybrid structures.