: A heterogeneous environment for HPC applications

Technological directions for innovative HPC software environments are discussed in this paper. We focus on industrial user requirements of heterogeneous multidisciplinary applications, performance portability, rapid prototyping and software reuse, integration and interoperability of standard tools. The various issues are demonstrated with reference to the PQE2000project and its programming environment Skeleton-based Integrated Environment (). includes a coordination language, , allowing the designers to express, in a primitive and structured way, efficient combinations of data parallelism and task parallelism. The goal is achieving fast development and good efficiency for applications in different areas. Modules developed with standard languages and tools are encapsulated into structures to form the global application. Performance models associated to the coordination language allow powerful optimizations to be introduced both at run time and at compile time without the direct intervention of the programmer. The paper also discusses the features of the environment related to debugging, performance analysis tools, visualization and graphical user interface. A discussion of the results achieved in some applications developed using the environment concludes the paper.     

共享存储并行多目标跟踪

高度的运算复杂性制约了粒子滤波在实际的多目标视频跟踪系统中的应用。为克服性能瓶颈,探索了一种基于OpenMP共享存储并行编程模型的粗粒度并行多目标跟踪系统的实现方法。在共享变量中维护被跟踪目标的列表,每一个目标用一个独立的粒子滤波器进行跟踪。根据处理单元的数目确定线程数量和每个线程跟踪的目标数量。与对应的串行版本相比,该并行系统将可实时跟踪的目标数目由2个增加到了8个,具有更大的实用价值。     

A Comparison of MPI,SHMEM and Cache-Coherent Shared Address Space Programming Models on a Tightly-Coupled Multiprocessors

We compare the performance of three major programming models on a modern, 64-processor hardware cache-coherent machine, one of the two major types of platforms upon which high-performance computing is converging. We focus on applications that are either regular, predictable or at least do not require fine-grained dynamic replication of irregularly accessed data. Within this class, we use programs with a range of important communication patterns. We examine whether the basic parallel algorithm and communication structuring approaches needed for best performance are similar or different among the models, whether some models have substantial performance advantages over others as problem size and number of processors change, what the sources of these performance differences are, where the programs spend their time, and whether substantial improvements can be obtained by modifying either the application programming interfaces or the implementations of the programming models on this type of tightly-coupled multiprocessor platform.     

并行程序设计模型和语言

并行计算技术的发展已有20多年的历史了.时至今日,高性能并行计算仍然缺乏有效的并行程序设计方法和工具,使得编写并行程序、理解并行程序的行为、调试和优化并行程序的性能都很困难.从分析并行程序设计困难的原因入手,指出了当前各种高性能并行机系统支持的并行程序设计方法存在的诸多问题,综述了并行程序设计模型和语言的研究现状,给出了并行程序设计模型的评价标准,并提出了这一研究领域所面临的挑战性问题,指出了一些未来可能的发展方向.     

基于面向方面和运行时反射技术的并行框架

针对使用并行库JOMP的程序在性能方面存在的不足,提出一个可以分离并行逻辑和功能逻辑的并行框架。该框架对程序中需要并行处理的部分进行标记,采用面向方面和运行时反射技术实现被标记部分的处理,其中面向方面技术用于实现并行逻辑的分离和编织,运行时反射技术用于获取运行时被标记部分的相关信息,以并行库(waxberry)的方式实现了该并行框架。使用基准测试程序JGF套件中的三个测试程序对并行库进行了测试,实验结果表明,应用该并行库的程序可以获得较好的性能。     

WAPM:适合广域分布式计算的并行编程模型

早期的MPI与OpenMP等编程模型由于扩展性限制或并行粒度的差异而不适合于大规模的广域动态Internet环境.提出了一个用于广域网络范围内的并行编程模型(WAPM),为应用的分布式计算的编程提供了一个新的可行解决方案.WAPM由通信库、通信协议和应用编程接口组成,并且具有通用编程、自适应并行、容错性等特点,通过选择合适的编程语言,就可形成一个广域范围内的并行程序设计环境.以分布式计算平台P2HP为工作平台,描述了WAPM分布式计算的实施过程.实验结果表明,WAPM是一个通用的、可行的、性能较好的编程模型.     

Deriving parallel programs from specifications using cost information

A major step towards practical use of parallel computers is the integration of cost into transformational or derivational software development methods. The difficulties with doing this come from the wide variety of parallel architectures possible and the effects of memory access and congestion phenomena. This paper presents a model of costs for uniform architectures that is compatible with refinement-based methods of development, that is much simpler than those previously suggested, but which accurately assesses the costs of an implemented computation. Decisions about architecture type and machine size can be made at any stage in the development, even at the end.     

基于Jini技术的互联网计算资源共享框架

描述了一个基于Jini技术的互联网计算资源共享框架JiniFrame,JiniFrame框架把互联网环境下的机器按照功能角色分为客户机、代理机和主机3种实体,共同协作完成并行应用的求解.JiniFrarne框架的可扩展性和跨平台性得益于基于Java的Jini技术,易用性与编程灵活性得益于框架中网络节点的组织方式与灵活的编程模型,同时支持主从模式与分治模式的编程.通过对实际分布式计算任务的案例分析与实验,表明了JiniFrame框架的正确性与高效性.     

因特网上基于节点角色的计算资源共享平台——RB-CRSP

提出了因特网上基于节点角色的计算资源共享平台——RB-CRSP。设计时充分考虑节点的角色性和功能性,把因特网上的网络资源按照角色划分为服务器端节点、协调节点、工作机节点与客户机节点四类实体,通过配合RB-CRSP的应用编程模式,完成并行分布式计算。分析了RB-CRSP中的自适应资源调度策略,该策略考虑了节点的硬件信息与可信誉机制,实现了平台的负载均衡性;在动态的因特网环境下,利用面向工作机的容错方式保证了平台的可靠性。案例程序选择了典型的并行BenchMark程序：N皇后问题,测试结果表明,RB-CRSP可以方便聚集异构环境下的空闲计算资源,平台的性能与机器硬件条件和可靠性密切相关。     

基于模式的并行编程环境中任务队列模式的研究与实现

并行程序的设计是并行计算的难点之一。本文在基于模式的并行编程方法的基础上,对一种典型的并行计算与通信模式-任务队列模式进行了深入的研究,并在基于模式的并行编程环境中对该模式进行了实现。本文将通过两个典型的应用实例说明在基于模式的并行编程环境中使用任务队列模式进行问题的并行求解与并行程序开发的过程,并从实现效率和可编程性方面对使用任务队列模式的并行程序和传统的MPI/PVM实现的并行程序进行了分析与比较。