测色分光光度计的设计特点

现代色度学的发展为用仪器客观地、定量地评价颜色奠定了基础，从而使测色分光光度计在颜色检测、质量控制中得到广泛应用。本文介绍了测色分光光度计的基本要求和特点；简要说明了测色分光光度计软件系统的基本组成和要求；分析了波长范围对色度计算精度的影响；并对色度计量中标准白板的要求做了介绍。     

脉冲多通道快速分光显微色度仪

本文开发了一种用于颜色产品微面积精细颜色测量、采用脉冲氙灯光源、光纤环形照明、全息平场凹面光栅型脉冲多通道快速分光显微色度仪。该仪器结构简单、色分辩率高、色品坐标精度为０．００２、最小分辨线视场为０．０１ｍｍ，测量光谱范围为可见区、光谱分辨率为１０ｎｍ、测量时间间隔短、能进行较暗物体和荧光物体的微面积精细颜色测量，并能给出各种标准照明体和各种色度系统下的色度参数     

光纤型脉冲多通道快速分光颜色测量仪

本文开发了一种采用脉冲氙灯光源照明、多元陈列光纤做为多通道接收器的光纤型脉冲多通道快速分光颜色测量仪。该仪器的色分辨率高、动态范围大、色品坐标精度为０．００２、测量光谱范围３８０ｎｍ－７８０ｎｍ、光谱分辨为１０ｎｍ、测量时间为几个ｍｓ、测量时间间隔小于５ｓ、能测量较暗物体的颜色，并能给出各种标准照明体和各种色度系统下的色度参数。如果将照明光源换以紫外激发光源或待测光源，就能进行荧光物体和颜色的脉冲     

水质色度标准液和若干水样的吸收光谱

报告了若干水样的吸收光谱，与水质色度标准液的吸收光谱作了比较，并从理论上加以讨论，进一步证实用分光光度计在３６０ｎｍ处比色测定水质色度是完全可行的。     

71型、72型分光光度计的使用及维修

71型、72型分光光度计(以下简称光度计)结构简单,是两种常见的分光光度计,广泛用于冶炼厂的炉前分析;化工厂的色度、纯度分析;医疗单位临床化验;制药单位检定药物成分以及农科单位的土、肥分析等要求不高的场合。一、仪器的构造71型、72型光度计主要由单色器(主机)、检流计和磁饱和稳压器三部分组成。见图1     

摘译

<正> 带微处理机的分光光度计 Perkin—Elmer介绍一种由微处理机控制的新型UV/VIS分光光度计,价格低廉。该分光光度计,λ_3它拥有一储存系统,此系统能回忆3个使用参数集,并能校正底部吸收。程序储存在非挥发储存器中,甚至在受力情况下,     

世界上最小的便携式分光光度计

<正> 美国PHOTO RESEARCH公司最近推出了世界上最小的便携式分光光度计——PR650分光光度计。该仪器采用全息衍射光栅分光,条形CCD接受,并将数据处理与测光系统合为一体。由于其高度集成化、体积很小、且价格低廉,故成为当今世界上光辐射和颜色仪器的最新潮流。仪器适用范围广,可测亮度、照度、色坐标、色温透射率、反射率、辐射度、辐照度、色散L“U”“V”、L     

一种快速分光光度计光栅参数的选择

介绍了快速分光光度计的组成 ,简述了光栅单色器的能量分布及其主要指标——色散 ,根据单色器光栅能量分布和该分光光度计的光谱范围进行光栅参数选择。使用这种方法选择的光栅完全满足快速分光光度计性能指标要求。     

751G—W型分光光度计在啤酒理化指标测定中的应用

本文介绍７５１Ｇ－Ｗ型紫外／可见分光光度计在啤酒理化指标ＥＢＣ色度、双乙酰、苦味质测定中应用,应用该仪器能使测试更为方便,快捷。     

岛津原子吸收分光光度计故障分析与处理

原子吸收分光光度计的光源系统、原子化系统、气体控制系统在使用过程中容易出现故障.针对日本岛津原子吸收分光光度计在光源系统、原子化系统、气体控制系统出现的几种故障现象进行了分析,提出了故障处理方法.     

流动注射分析-双光束分光光度法测定天然水中的铁

采用了自行组装的流动注射系统,用流动注射分析-双光束分光光度法测定了天然水中的铁含量,研究了分析的适宜条件,并对双光束分光光度法和单光束分光光度法的分析性能进行了比对.结果表明,双光束分光光度法与单光束分光光度法相比,分析性能相同,但灵敏度有较大提高.     

Decision support tool for selecting fabrication parameters in stereolithography

The selection of fabrication (build) parameters is the most important task performed by the operator of a layer manufacturing (LM) system. In order to select the best parameter configuration for a part, the operator should be able to compare different alternatives and evaluate them under specific constraints, in terms of fabrication cost and quality. In the present paper, a software decision support tool for build parameters selection in stereolithography is presented. Build orientation and layer thickness are proposed as the primary parameters for the definition of candidate solutions, which are evaluated according to a weighted multi-criteria objective function. As the objective function criteria, the build time, surface roughness and process error are employed. The criteria estimation is based on experimentally derived analytical equations or computed from the STL representation of the part. To further enhance the evaluation process, the software tool exports VRML models that incorporate surface roughness or stairstepping data through colour codification. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Developing a 3D colour image reproduction system for additive manufacturing of facial prostheses

In this study, a new 3D colour image reproduction system is proposed for the automated and accurate additive manufacturing of soft tissue facial prostheses. A framework of 3D colour image reproduction was defined and a protocol for each sub-process was developed for this specific application. Colour management processes were developed and integrated into the proposed 3D image reproduction system; colour profiles for both the 3dMD photogrammetry system and the Z Corp Z510 3D printer were established utilising conventional colour reproduction techniques for 2D images. The soft tissue prototypes of both nose and ear prostheses were produced using the proposed system. The quality of prostheses was evaluated. The results show that the protocol used in the 3D manufacturing process was capable of producing accurate skin colour with fine textures and 3D shape, with significant savings in both time and cost.     

An Automated Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometer Optimized for Phytochrome Assay

ABSTRACT

A microcomputer-controlled dual-wavelength spectrophotometer suitable for automated phytochrome assay is described. The optomechanical unit provides for sequential irradiation of the sample by the two measuring wavelengths with intervening dark intervals and for actinic irradiation to inter-convert phytochrome between its two forms. Photomultiplier current is amplified, converted to a digital value and transferred into the computer using a custom-designed IEEE-488 bus interface. The microcomputer calculates mathematically both absorbance and absorbance difference values with dynamic correction for photomultiplier dark current. In addition, the computer controls the operating parameters of the spectrophotometer via a separate interface. These parameters include control of the durations of measuring and actinic irradiation intervals and their sequence. Because the data are processed solely within the microcomputer, except for the initial linear amplification, any output desired can be obtained, including automated determination of not only total phytochrome content, but also of the proportions present in the far-red- and red-absorbing forms.     

Automatic seamless mosaicing of microscopic images: enhancing appearance with colour degradation compensation and wavelet-based blending

In order to observe the fine details of biomedical specimens, various kinds of high-magnification microscopes are used. However, they suffer from a limited field of view when visualizing highly magnified specimens. Image mosaicing techniques are necessary to integrate two or more partially overlapping images into one and make the whole specimen visible. In this study, we propose a new system that automatically creates panoramic images by mosaicing all the microscopic images acquired from a specimen. Not only does it effectively compensate for the congenital narrowness in microscopic views, but it also results in the mosaiced image containing as little distortion with respect to the originals as possible. The system consists of four main steps: (1) feature point extraction using multiscale wavelet analysis, (2) image matching based on feature points or by projection profile alignment, (3) colour difference adjustment and optical degradation compensation with a Gaussian-like model and (4) wavelet-based image blending. In addition to providing a precise alignment, the proposed system also takes into account the colour deviations and degradation in image mosaicing. The visible seam lines are eliminated after image blending. The experimental results show that the system performs well on differently stained image sequences and is effective on acquired images with large colour variations and degradation. It is expected to be a practical tool for microscopic image mosaicing.     

On Line Model Accuracy Inspection of Model Maker Rapid Prototyping Using Vision Technology

The principle of rapid prototyping (RP, or layer manufacturing) is to fabricate a 3D object layer by layer. Vision technology has been employed and has demonstrated its ability to measure the single-layer profile dimensions of the Model Maker (MM) RP system model. The on-line profile dimensional inspection and accuracy analysis of multiple layers is presented in this paper. The image-processing algorithms, developed to measure the layer profile dimensions, were adapted to process the captured profiled image of multiple layers, layer by layer. Hence, the layer profile dimensions of multiple layers were inspected on-line and layer by layer. The problems of vision inspection associated with colour mixing of multiple layers are addressed. A colour CCD camera was employed to resolve the colour mixture problem, but it is too expensive and too much memory is required. A new image difference algorithm was proposed to solve the problem of colour reflected from adjacent layers. The results demonstrate the promise of on-line profile dimensions inspection and accuracy analysis using vision technology.     

分光测色仪中的光谱仪系统

根据分光测色仪的应用需要,对分光系统、光电接收系统及相关电路组成的光谱仪进行了模块化设计,以方便仪器的整体设计、装调和测试。考虑分光测色仪是非成像光学仪器,故提出用光纤来连接各光学模块。根据应用需求提出了光谱仪的主要技术指标,所设计光谱仪很好地完成了球差和彗差的校正。分析了用滤光片消除二级衍射光谱的方法,解决了光纤和光谱仪数值孔径不匹配的问题。研制了光谱仪系统,其外形尺寸为130mm×90mm×45mm。实验测试显示,在狭缝宽度为50μm时,光谱仪各波段的光谱分辨率都可以达到2nm。对光谱仪进行了波长定标,定标精度小于0.2nm,整个工作波段占401个像元,满足1nm的波长输出间隔的设计要求。该光谱仪的可弯曲光纤和电子线路便于整机灵活布局与模块拆卸,同时方便单独测试。所述方法为分光测色仪的整机研制与测试打下了良好的基础。     

The recycling of wool clothes: an artificial neural network colour classification tool

Recycling of clothes is a straightforward approach for the supply of a coloured raw material which does not involve the cost of the colouring process. A real time and completely automated colour classification tool for woollen clothes to be recycled is proposed. The tool uses the combination of a statistical method, called matrix approach, of a self-organizing feature map (SOFM) and a feed-forward backpropagation artificial neural network (FFBP ANN)-based approach, to correctly classify the clothes by respecting the selection criteria provided by human know-how. The developed tool, which uses an appositely developed workbench with a spectrophotometer, is aware of the way the different coloured clothes to be recycled combine each other to create a new one. The tool has been validated using a set of 5,000 differently coloured clothes to be recycled and the classification error in classifying the clothes is within 5%, i.e., lower than the one resulting from the use of an expert human operator.