2D-C/SiC复合材料的主泊松比演化行为

泊松比是材料及其结构力学性能分析的重要参数之一。本文旨在研究2D-C/SiC复合材料主泊松比的非线性演化行为。首先，基于Mini复合材料模型与正交层压板模型，考虑纤维的横观各向同性性质，建立了2D-C/SiC复合材料的热残余应力计算模型；其次，应用剪滞理论与经典层压板理论，考虑材料的损伤与热残余应力释放机制，建立了2D-C/SiC复合材料的主泊松比计算模型；最后，通过试验表征了材料的应变响应及泊松比演化规律，并对理论模型进行了分析验证。结果表明，2D-C/SiC复合材料内部热残余应力较大，拉伸损伤过程中的热残余应力释放是负泊松比产生的原因；应力-应变曲线及泊松比演化曲线的模型预测结果均与试验曲线吻合较好，表明了理论分析模型的准确性与合理性。     

小孔释放法测纤维增强复合材料残余应力的释放系数

介绍了小孔释放法测量残余应力的原理,给出释放应变与残余应力之间的关系公式.针对纤维增强复合材料的属性特点,应用坐标系转换原理推导出通孔法测量复合材料残余应力时的应力释放系数公式.以碳纤维增强复合材料为例计算其残余应力测试过程中的释放系数,由此得到释放应变,并将计算结果与同一预应力下用有限元法计算的结果进行了对比.     

金属基复合材料的热残余应力力学模型研究进展

金属基复合材料在高温制备的冷却过程中或热处理过程中由于组分间热膨胀系数（CTEs）的差异会产生较大的热残余应力，热残余应力对复合材料的宏观性能有着重要的影响。本文综述了分析金属基复合材料热残余应力的有限元模型和解析模型等理论模型，并指出有待深入研究的问题。     

考虑纤维随机分布的复合材料热残余应力分析及其对横向力学性能的影响

建立了考虑纤维随机分布并包含界面的复合材料微观力学数值模型,模拟玻璃纤维/环氧复合材料固化过程中的热残余应力。通过与纤维周期性分布模型的计算结果进行对比,发现纤维分布形式会对复合材料的热残余应力产生重要影响,纤维随机分布情况下的最大热残余应力明显大于纤维周期性分布的情况下。研究了含热残余应力的复合材料在横向拉伸与压缩载荷下的损伤和破坏过程,结果表明:热残余应力的存在显著影响了复合材料的损伤起始位置和扩展路径,削弱了复合材料的横向拉伸和压缩强度。在横向拉伸载荷下,考虑热残余应力后,复合材料的强度有所下降,断裂应变显著降低;在横向压缩载荷下,考虑热残余应力后,复合材料的强度略有下降,但失效应变基本保持不变。由于热残余应力的影响,复合材料的横向拉伸和压缩强度分别下降了10.5%和5.2%。      

高体积分数SiCP/Al复合材料的拉伸、压缩与弯曲特性

对高体积分数碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC P/ Al)复合材料的拉伸、 压缩和三点弯曲特性进行了实验研究。结果表明 : 高体积分数 SiC P/ Al 复合材料与低体积分数 SiC P/ Al复合材料相比 , 没有明显的线性屈服阶段。进一步的加载2卸载实验表明 , 在外载荷作用下 , 材料宏观上呈现一种类似金属材料的塑性 , 卸载后留有较大的残余应变 , 再次加载时沿上次卸载路线上升 , 而且拉应力导致的残余应变大于压应力。三点弯曲时材料内部产生残余塑性变形的潜力最大 , 切线模量更稳定。宏观断口分析表明 , 金属基体的非均匀分布导致产生局部渐进的微屈服 ,是使材料性能宏观上类似塑性材料的主要原因。制备过程中的残余应力和基体内部的微缺陷是拉应力比压应力产生更大残余应变的主要原因。     

带有铝板复合材料层板固化过程中残余应力演化

本文对两种材料组成的层板的残余应力进行了研究.提出应用有效温差并结合线膨胀系数对带有铝板复合材料层板固化成型过程中残余应力形成进行理论分析,其中残余应力主要考虑温度产生的.采用先进的光纤技术对带有铝板复合材料层板固化成型过程中残余应力进行试验研究,即将光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)分别埋入到复合材料内部及复合材料与铝板之间,监测固化全过程残余应变的演变,并且构件最终变形与理论分析释放残余应力方向一致.     

纤维缠绕复合材料固化过程残余应力/应变的三维数值模拟

采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对具有金属内衬的纤维缠绕复合材料圆筒在固化过程中残余应力及应变的变化规律进行了模拟计算。采用FORTRAN语言编制了用以分析固化过程中残余应力的子程序,该子程序考虑了固化过程中复合材料力学性质的变化和由于树脂固化收缩产生的化学收缩应变。算例结果表明：复合材料和金属内衬的残余应力在初始阶段均接近于零,当固化到一定阶段,残余应力迅速增加并且很快达到最大值,在降温阶段释放了部分的残余应力;在整个固化过程中,金属内衬受到压应力,而纤维缠绕层受到拉应力。本文中的三维有限元模型可以得到任意时刻复合材料的温度及固化度分布,通过数值模拟可以有效地优化复合材料固化工艺参数,提高制件的质量。     

模具对复合材料构件固化变形的影响分析

通过光纤光栅的方法实验研究了在热压罐成型工艺过程中, 复合材料构件由金属固化模具与复合材料构件热不匹配导致的沿厚度方向和面内的固化残余应力发展, 得到了固化后残余应力沿构件厚度方向和面内的分布情况, 并分析了该残余应力分布的产生机制以及对构件固化后变形的影响。结果表明: 复合材料与模具之间的热不匹配导致的固化残余应变沿构件厚度方向呈梯度分布, 靠近模具端大于远离模具端, 并且该应变会引起构件固化后的翘曲变形, 变形以沿纤维方向为主。     

光纤布拉格光栅监测复合材料固化

复合材料层合板在固化成型过程中形成的残余应变和应力是影响材料质量的重要因素,它与预浸料铺层在固化工艺过程中产生的应变密切相关。在研究和测试了光纤布拉格光栅应变和温度传感器传感特性的基础上,将二者埋入复合材料预浸料铺层,在热压釜成型工艺过程中监测了材料内部的温度和应变发展历程,由此获得对称正交层合板的宏观残余应变。监测结果表明,单向和对称正交层合板在固化结束后都将产生收缩,对称正交层合板铺层内的残余应变平行于纤维方向为压应变,垂直于纤维方向为拉应变。光纤光栅传感器为复合材料固化监测及层合板残余应力分析提供了一种新的工具,为实现复合材料从制造到服役的全寿命、一体化监测提供了可能。      

模具对复合材料构件固化变形的影响分析

通过光纤光栅的方法实验研究了在热压罐成型工艺过程中,复合材料构件由金属固化模具与复合材料构件热不匹配导致的沿厚度方向和面内的固化残余应力发展,得到了固化后残余应力沿构件厚度方向和面内的分布情况,并分析了该残余应力分布的产生机制以及对构件固化后变形的影响.结果表明:复合材料与模具之间的热不匹配导致的固化残余应变沿构件厚度方向呈梯度分布,靠近模具端大于远离模具端,并且该应变会引起构件固化后的翘曲变形,变形以沿纤维方向为主.     

压力铸造Al-SiCw/Al复合材料中热残余应力的调整

通过理论分析,证实了预变形调Al-SiCw/Al复合材料热残余应力的可行性。采用压力铸造方法制造Al-SiCw/Al复合材料,试验研究了预奕形对其残余应力及拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,Al-SiCw/Al复合材料经预变形处理后残余应力明显降低,力学性能得到改善。     

Influence of residual stress on the elastic-plastic deformation of composites with two- or three-dimensional randomly oriented inclusions

Summary Based on the secant moduli framework with second-order moment of stress and the elastic micro-mechanical method proposed by Ponte Castaneda and Willis [8], a micro-mechanical method is proposed to consider the effects of thermal residual stress on the elastic-plastic deformation of composites. The micro-structural parameters like the volume fraction, shape, orientation, and distribution of inclusions are taken into account, and their influences on the macroscopic properties of the composites in the presence of thermal residual stress are analyzed. The computed results show that the presence of thermal residual stress induces asymmetric behavior in tension and compression. This depends intimately on the micro-structural parameters of the composite. Finite element calculations are also performed to predict the secant thermal dilatation coefficient and stress-strain relations in tension and compression for unidirectional composites. The proposed analytical method is found to compare favorably with the finite element results.     

Reduction of thermal residual stresses of laminated polymer composites by addition of carbon nanotubes

This paper studies the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the thermal residual stresses in polymeric fibrous composites. Reinforced ML-506 epoxy nanocomposites with different amounts of homogeneously dispersed MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.%) were fabricated using the sonication technique. Thermo-mechanical analysis and tensile tests of the specimens were carried out to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of MWCNTs/epoxy composites. Due to the negative thermal expansion and high modulus of MWCNTs, addition of MWCNTs resulted in a great reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of epoxy. The MWCNTs also moderately increased the Young’s modulus of the epoxy. Then, the effects of adding MWCNTs on micro and macro-residual stresses in carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy laminated composites were investigated using the energy method and the classical lamination theory (CLT), respectively. The results indicated that the addition of low amounts of MWCNTs leads to a considerable reduction in thermal residual stress components in both micro and macro levels.     

More on the effects of thermal residual and hydrostatic stresses on yielding behavior of unidirectional composites

The influence of manufacturing process thermal residual stresses and hydrostatic stresses on yielding behavior of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites has been investigated when subsequently subjected to various mechanical loadings. Three-dimensional finite element micro-mechanical models have been used. The results of this study reveal that the size of the initial yield surface is highly affected by the thermal residual and hydrostatic stresses. It was also found that effects of a uniform temperature change on the initial yield surface in the composite stress space is not equivalent to a solid translation of the surface in the direction of the hydrostatic stress axis. At the micro-level, magnitudes of various stress components within the matrix due to the thermal residual and hydrostatic stresses are different. However, at a macro-level, both temperature change and hydrostatic loading of composites show similar effects on the initial yield surface in the composite stress space. In an agreement with experimental data, results also show that residual stresses are responsible for asymmetric behavior of composites in uniaxial tension/compression in the fiber direction. This asymmetric behavior suggests that the existing quadratic yield criteria need modification to include thermal residual stress effects.     

A Raman study into the effect of transcrystallisation on thermal stresses in embedded single fibres

Thermal stresses have been measured in single carbon fibre polypropylene matrix composites using micro Raman spectroscopy. The study focuses on the influence of a transcrystalline interlayer on the thermal residual stress distribution in composites. A series of three experiments were made in order to systematically study the influence of thermal history, transcrystalline interlayer thickness and matrix supermolecular structure. From the experiments it was shown that the transcrystalline interlayer results in higher thermal residual shear stress. This was explained by anisotropy in the transcrystalline interlayer resulting in higher radial thermal expansion and thus higher radial stress.     

残余应力对复合材料弹2塑性变形的影响

从细观力学的角度给出了分析残余应力对一般复合材料塑性性能影响的一种解析方法, 该方法基于应力二阶矩的割线模量法及Ponte Castaneda 和W illis 给出的弹性细观模型。有残余应力时, 所提的细观解析模型能够同时考虑纤维形状, 体积百分比, 纤维取向及纤维的分布对复合材料变形的影响。计算结果表明, 残余应力的存在会引起复合材料拉压变形的不对称, 材料宏观的拉压硬化曲线又与复合材料的细观结构参数密切相关。对单向复合材料, 本文作者对其等效割线热膨胀系数, 拉压应力-应变曲线的有限元分析结果与给出的细观解析模型定量吻合。      

CF／Al复合材料的热膨胀行为

测试和分析了用热压和挤压铸造工艺制备的ＣＦ／Ａｌ复合材料热膨胀行为。指出ＣＦ／Ａｌ的热膨胀规律与其内部残余应力的存在方式密切相关，其制备方式对热膨胀过程也有影响。从热膨胀变化规律能够间接了解材料内部残余应力的生成、消亡及存在方式，为材料的尺寸稳定化处理及选择热处理制度提供理论和实验依据。     

Zum thermischen Abbau von Kugelstrahl-Eigenspannungen bei vergütetem 42 CrMo 4

Thermal relaxation of shot-peening-induced residual stress in quenched and tempered steel 42 CrMo 4 Thermal relaxation of shot-peening-induced macro and micro residual stress in a quenched and tempered state of the 42 CrMo 4 steel is investigated with X-rays and is described by the Avrami-approach. The parameters of this relationship can now be determined more exactly using a new, iterative method. By means of the parameters determined, the relaxation of macro and micro residual stress is evaluated and compared. The influence of annealing time and temperature on the dependence of macro residual stress on distance to surface is modelled using the Avrami-approach. The transient relaxation of macro residual stress during heating up to the temperature required can be determined by applying the stress-transient-method which will be presented here. It turns out that not the elapsed heating time but rather the relaxation of residual stress during heating up determines the further relaxation of residual stress.     

颗粒补强锆英石复相陶瓷的力学性能、残余应力和增韧行为研究

本文采用X射线衍射方法测定了颗粒补强锆英石基复相陶瓷基体中的残余应力,通过力学性能测试,结合显微结构观察;讨论了残余应力与补强颗粒增韧行为之间的关系．结果表明：在基体热膨胀系数小于补强颗粒的情况下,适当增大补强颗粒与基体间热膨胀失配,能够提高复相陶瓷的增韧效果．其增韧机制主要为;补强颗粒所引起的裂纹偏转和分支．利用残余应力场增韧模型计算得到的复相陶瓷断裂韧性增量与实际值能够较好的吻合．