2UPR&2RPS型冗余驱动并联机器人的运动学标定

运动学标定能够有效提高并联机器人的运动精度.以一类2UPR&2RPS型冗余驱动并联机器人为研究对象,提出了该类装置的运动学标定方法.通过将误差闭环矢量方程分别投影到运动支链的驱动方向和约束方向建立了该机器人的几何误差模型,并分离出可补偿误差源和不可补偿误差源.基于误差映射矩阵建立了误差灵敏度指标,随后通过灵敏度分析找出了对末端误差影响较大的不可补偿误差源.利用正则化算法建立了基于激光跟踪仪末端位置测量的几何误差辨识模型.标定试验结果表明,所提出的运动学标定方法是有效的.     

微惯性测量单元的误差整机标定和补偿

提出了微惯性测量单元(MIMU)在高动态、高过载复杂应用条件下的误差整机标定和补偿方法.首先,建立了高动态,高过载复杂应用条件下MIMU的误差模型,该模型包括了结构误差,传感器安装误差和MEMS惯性传感器在复杂条件对精度影响较大的误差项,指零位温度漂移、互耦误差、刻度因子非线性和微陀螺加速度效应误差;根据模型提出了整机...     

低成本MEMS陀螺仪的复合标定

由于低成本MEMS器件本身具有误差,且初始误差比较大,所以在使用前必须进行标定。在十二位置标定方法的基础上,进行三耦合方位动态实验,标定MIMU陀螺仪的零偏、刻度因数、安装误差系数和与角速度耦合二次有关项系数。将该方法应用于实验室自制MIMU的标定中,标定结果与MTI计进行对比,验证了该标定方法的可行性。     

基于球杆仪的三坐标并联动力头运动学标定方法

以一种新型3自由度并联动力头——A3头为对象,研究基于球杆仪检测信息的运动学标定方法。通过将误差闭环方程向支链驱动与约束方向投影,建立球杆仪检测信息与支链几何误差源的线性映射模型,所建模型可有效地分离出影响动平台可补偿和不可补偿精度的几何误差源。在此基础上,提出一种具有分层递阶格式的运动学标定方法,即首先识别出初始位形的支链零点误差,其次利用球杆仪识别其他几何误差源。计算机仿真和试验结果表明,所提出的运动学标定方法是有效的。     

石英MEMS陀螺漂移周期性误差补偿研究

为提高基于石英MEMS陀螺仪的微小型惯性导航系统的性能,本文对应用于MIMU的石英MEMS陀螺仪零点漂移中周期性误差补偿方法的原理和特点进行分析研究,得到一种新的补偿方法.该方法先利用数据平滑前的数据确定误差折算公式的系数,再以折算公式补偿数据平滑后得到的低频数据.从实验结果来看,这种方法在保证实时性要求的前提下,能避开数据平滑过程对周期性误差频率稳定性的影响,提高补偿精度,是一种有效的石英系列MEMS陀螺仪漂移实时补偿方法.     

基于球杆仪检测信息的并联机构运动学标定

由于并联构型装备难于实现全闭环反馈控制,使运动学标定成为一项具有显著经济价值并能非常有效提高并联构型装备精度的手段,运动学标定通常包括误差建模、测量、辨识和补偿4个环节。基于以上因素,以5自由度混联机械手TriVariant为对象,研究一种基于球杆仪检测信息的运动学标定方法。首先建立球杆仪测量值与影响末端可补偿位姿误差的几何误差源的映射关系,并给出可辨识条件。在此基础上,以误差参数辨识矩阵条件数为评价指标,探讨合理设置球杆仪安装位置和数目的方法。最后,计算机仿真和试验验证了所提出方法的可行性和有效性,并指出仍然需要解决的若干问题。     

球坐标测量系统几何误差辨识及补偿方法

几何误差是影响球坐标测量系统精度的重要因素,误差补偿技术是提高其测量精度的有效方法。本文针对球坐标测量系统几何误差辨识及补偿问题,提出一种基于高精度球面靶标标定的误差辨识方法。首先,基于Denavit-Hartenberg方法建立球坐标测量系统误差模型;其次,分析基于高精度球面靶标标定的误差辨识原理;最后,运用该标定方法进行几何误差辨识仿真试验,并具体分析影响误差辨识精度的因素。仿真结果表明,基于高精度球面靶标的标定方法可以辨识出7项几何误差,经过误差辨识和补偿能够提高球坐标测量系统的球面面形测量精度。     

三臂凿岩台车钎杆的绝对定位误差补偿研究

为提高三臂凿岩台车钎杆的绝对定位精度,首先,基于有限元仿真,采用正交试验法确定影响臂架柔性误差的主要参数,得到柔性误差补偿公式;之后,对受力关节坐标系进行变换,建立基于位置误差的运动学误差标定模型,并对模型中待标定参数进行冗余性分析,剔除冗余参数;最后,以激光全站仪为测量设备,利用LM算法对待标定参数进行求解,验证运动学标定效果。结果表明,该方法有效地补偿了钎杆绝对定位误差,钎杆的绝对定位误差降低了79. 6%。     

同步带传动晶圆传输机械手精度分析与补偿

分析了同步带应用于晶圆传输机器人机械手的误差产生原因,针对晶圆传输机器人高速高精度的定位要求,建立了含有同步带环节的误差模型。对各误差源进行了显著性分析,并在此基础上提出了结合几何误差迭代法和基于运动学逆解的非线性参数辨识的分步标定方法,对模型进行了误差标定及误差补偿。最后经过仿真分析和实验,有效的证明此方法显著地提高了机械手的末端定位精度。     

PRS-XY型混联数控机床的误差源分析及标定方法

以北京理工大学研制的PRS—XY型混联数控机床为对象，进行了误差源分析。以三坐标测量机和激光跟踪仪为主要测量手段进行了标定试验。通过试验，获得了该机床的关键几何参数的加工和装配误差，为机床的误差补偿提供了重要依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.