基于贝叶斯分类器的图像隐写分析

集成分类器是目前用于图像隐写分析的主流分类器。为提高集成分类器的检测精度,针对集成分类器基分类器组合方法过于简单,无法体现基分类器之间的内在联系,不能从整体上对结果进行判定的缺点,依据图像特征在集成分类器分类超平面上的投影值服从多维正态分布这一特性,提出了一种基于贝叶斯分类器的图像隐写分析算法。首先基于随机森林算法生成若干基分类器,然后计算类条件概率密度函数与先验概率并训练贝叶斯分类器,最后使用经过训练的贝叶斯分类器代替简单投票方法进行分类判决。算法的检测错误率比以往算法平均降低了1.6%,ROC曲线比简单投票方法更接近于左上角,即具有更高的检测率,AUC值平均增长约2.12%,并且训练时间仅有少量提高,最大提高约2.610s。可以有效提高集成分类器的检测精度。     

基于随机蕨的集成分类图像隐写分析算法

提出了一种基于随机蕨(random ferns)和集成学习的图像隐写分析算法。首先利 用图像高维特征构 建蕨特征,采用成对采样策略构造样本子集,生成若干个基分类器;然后计算出训练样本 在基分类器中各个蕨的 先验概率并集成各个基分类器,进行隐写检测判别。实验结果表明,本文算法复杂度低,能 有效降低隐写检测错误率。     

基于特征排名的图像隐写分析算法

为提高用于隐写分析的集成分类器的检测精度,提出一种基于特征排名的隐写分析算法。首先计算每维检测特征的互信息得分并根据得分高低将特征进行排名,然后设置分界点将特征分为重要特征区域与普通特征区域,依据设定的抽样比例从两个区域随机抽取特征组成不同的特征子空间并训练集成分类器。最后使用集成分类器进行分类。实验结果表明,针对使用nsF5及S-UNIWARD算法进行隐写的频域及空域图像,本算法较传统分类器在检测错误率方面分别平均下降约0.006 5和0.006 2,具有较好的检测效果。针对频域与空域中两种不同的隐写算法,与传统的集成分类器相比,该算法具有更高的检测精度。     

基于四叉树分割的JPEG隐写分析

当前主要的隐写分析方法都是对整幅图像进行特征提取,而忽略了图像的内容差异。该文提出一种基于四叉树分割的JPEG隐写分析方法,该方法根据图像块的纹理复杂度进行图像分割,对具有相同统计特性的子图像分别进行隐写检测特征的提取,并构造相应的分类器,通过加权融合得到最终的检测结果。实验结果表明该方法具有良好的性能,尤其是在训练与测试图像的统计特性具有较大差异时,该算法的检测准确率提高更加明显。     

一种基于图像内容的最低有效位匹配隐写分析方法

将隐藏信息检测与图像内容分析相结合是当前提高图像隐写分析性能的一个新方向。与基于图像整体内容的检测方法不同,该文分析了最低有效位(Least Significant Bit LSB)匹配隐写对图像子区域统计特性的影响,提出一种新的联合判决检测方法。首先依据图像内容复杂度将整体图像分割为若干类子区域,其次采用两组不同的滤波器分类提取各子区域像素序列直方图频谱特征,之后用各类子区域特征分别训练Bayes分类器以获得其权重,最后对待测图像的每一个子区域进行分类检测,并将结果加权融合得到最终判决。实验结果表明,该方法对LSB匹配隐写的检测性能优于现有典型方法。     

基于随机子空间和AdaBoost的自适应集成方法

如何构造差异性大且精确度高的基分类器是集成学习的重点,为此提出一种新的集成学习方法——利用PSO寻找使得AdaBoost依样本权重抽取的数据集分类错误率最小化的最优特征权重分布,依据此最优权重分布对特征随机抽样生成随机子空间,并应用于AdaBoost的训练过程中.这就在增加分类器间差异性的同时保证了基分类器的准确度.最后用多数投票法融合各基分类器的决策结果,并通过仿真实验验证该方法的有效性.     

基于改进局部纹理特征的隐写检测算法

图像隐写是一种将信息隐藏于数字图像中的技术,而隐写检测算法试图分辨出藏有信息的图像。文中分析了现有隐写检测算法的优势,结合HUGO隐写算法的特点,提出了一种改进的基于局部纹理特征的隐写检测算法。该算法由LOCP和LPQ这两种局部纹理特征组成。由于提取到的特征维度很大,因此选用了Ensemble分类器进行训练与检测。在HUGOBOSS 1.0图像库上的实验显示,提出的隐写检测算法比原有算法更准确地区分出原始图像和隐写图像,并获得了83.65%的检测准确率。     

基于改进增强特征选择算法的特征融合图像隐写分析

针对现有的基于特征融合的JPEG隐写分析方法特征冗余度高、通用性较低的问题,提出了一种基于改进的增强特征选择(BFS,boosting feature selection)算法的通用JPEG隐写分析方法。从线性相关度和非线性相关度两方面降低特征冗余,将特征自相关系数和互信息这两种统计性能引入到特征的评价准则中,重新设计了特征权重计算方法,改进了BFS算法的特征评价函数。通过改进的BFS特征选择算法将3组互补性较强且准确率高的特征进行融合降维,得到最优特征子集训练分类器。对3种高隐蔽性隐写算法F5、Outguess和MME3,在不同嵌入率下进行了大量实验。结果表明,本文方法的分析准确率高于现有的检测率较高的JPEG隐写分析方法和典型的融合分析方法,融合后的特征相关性明显下降,并且具有更强的通用性。     

一种基于多图的集成直推分类方法

基于图的直推分类器依赖于图结构。高维数据通常具有冗余和噪声特征,在其上构造的图不能充分反映数据的分布信息,分类器性能因此下降。为此,该文提出一种多图构建方法并把它应用到直推分类中。该方法首先生成多个随机子空间并在每个子空间上进行半监督判别分析,其次在每个判别子空间上构造图并训练一个直推分类器,最后投票融合这些分类器为一个集成分类器。实验结果表明,对比其它直推分类器,该文的集成分类器具有分类正确率高、对参数鲁棒等特点。     

结合集成比例训练的彩色JPEG图像隐写分析

该文提出一种YCbCr颜色空间的彩色JPEG图像隐写分析方法。该方法中的特征包括通道内特征和通道间特征,首先从Y通道提取Markov特征,扩展DCT特征以及共生矩阵特征构成通道内特征集合,通道内特征可以有效捕捉到Y通道内DCT系数之间的相关性;然后对Y通道进行下采样,从采样平面与CbCr平面相互之间的差分平面上提取特征构成通道间特征集合,通道间特征可以捕捉到两两通道之间的相关性。由于通道内特征和通道间特征在分类性能上有着较大差别,在分类阶段由通道内特征和通道间特征分别训练子分类器,通过调整两类子分类器的比例,使用多数投票方式来合成集成判决结果,最终获得最佳的检测性能。实验结果表明,该方法不仅适合小嵌入率的彩色JPEG图像,而且在性能上优于已有的JPEG图像隐写分析方法。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks