热回收型多元变制冷剂流量空调系统控制策略实验研究

阐述了多元变制冷剂流量(MVRV)空调系统的自治协调控制(SRI)思想，指出室外机叠加循环原理是自治协调控制的核心内容；自行研制出热回收型MVRV空调系统实验装置并建立实验台，对上述策略进行验证。实验结果表明，所提出的控制策略切实可行，效果良好，适用于单冷、热泵以及热回收型MVRV空调系统。     

多联机新风空调系统的安装与调试工艺探讨

文章结合某医院的多联机新风空调系统工程实例，从室内机、冷媒管、冷凝水管、室外机、信号线及遥控器、风管等角度探讨了多联机新风空调系统的布置安装，并对多联机新风空调系统的调试展开了具体分析。     

地下工程中分体式空调机的集中应用

１空调系统模式分体式空调机是目前广泛用于地面建筑局部空调的产品之一,由于这种产品将压缩机及冷凝器置于室外机,而将蒸发器与节流膨胀阀保留在室内机内部,使得制冷循环的两个热交换环节得以远距离分置,形成布置灵活、空调范围小的特点,这也是分体式空调得以广泛应用于地面建筑,特别是局部空调的重要原因。目前分体式空调器的应用仅限于简单地将室内机与室外机分置安装在适用于局部空调的环境,但这种安装方式并没有使分体的特点得以充分的利用。本文提出的“地下工程分体式空调的集中运用”,正是希望充分利用这种产品的特点,在传…     

VRV空调系统的设计及控制

1系统介绍 VRV空调系统全称Varied Refrigerant Volume,是一种冷剂式空调系统,即可变制冷剂流量空调系统。它以制冷剂为输送介质,室外主机由室外侧换热器、压缩机和其他制冷附件组成,末端装置是由直接蒸发式换热器和风机组成的室内机。系统结构上类似分体式空调机组,采用1台室外机对应1组室内机（一般可达16台）。     

VRV系统与水冷式中央空调系统的应用比较

VRV系统，即变制冷剂流量空调系统，它以制冷剂为输送介质，室外机由室外侧换热器，压缩机和其他制冷附件组成，末端制置是由直接蒸发式换热器和风机组成的室内机，通过控制制冷剂流量，可以适时满足室内冷热负荷要求。自90年代初引入我国后得到广泛的应用，成为目前国内空调市场上一个重要的空调系统形式，在我公司承建的华为与比克电池厂空调项目中，     

变冷媒流量多联空调系统(VRV)技术应用

针对变冷媒流量多联空调系统(VRV)的原理及特点,结合施工实践及经验教训,从VRV空调系统的三个主要组成部分,阐述了VRV空调系统安装技术中主要控制点,室内机安装、冷媒管安装和冷凝管安装、室外机安装的技术要求,目的是确保VRV系统顺利运行调试,达到设计预期的效果。     

多联式空调机组的设计应用研究

本文分析了多联式空调机组的系统匹配、室内机和室外机的配比以及管长和高度对制冷量/制热量的影响因素,归纳了确定室内、外机容量的设计方法。     

多联机空调系统概述与施工工艺方法

通过对实际工程中多联机空调系统安装过程的质量控制和技术管理,重点介绍了室外机、室内机以及冷媒管的施工工艺方法,为多联机系统的安装提供技术参考。     

住宅设计中空调的布位

本文主要介绍分体空调的室内机和室外机的布位方式,以及各种方式的优缺点.     

多联式空调系统制热工况动态仿真建模

多联式空调系统具有良好的容量调节能力,可以同时满足多个房间的温度控制需求。针对其制热工况的动态特性进行仿真建模,在采用移动边界法蒸发器和冷凝器动态仿真模型的基础上,建立了整个多联式空调系统制热工况的状态空间法模型,并采用变步长的方法以提高模型的稳定性和速度。与1套具有4台室内机和1台室外机的多联式系统的试验数据进行对比,结果表明:该动态仿真模型能够准确预测在压缩机频率调节过程中系统运行状态的动态相应趋势,并保持很高的计算精度。     

空气源热泵误除霜特性的实验研究

对比分析了误除霜和正常除霜时压缩机的轴功率和吸、排气压力等除霜特性参数的变化,发现误除霜时压缩机轴功率高和排气压力高的根本原因是室外换热器表面无霜和室外风机停机。分析了目前分体热泵型房间空调器常用的除霜控制方法——室内侧换热器双温度传感器法的工作原理及其在消除误除霜方面存在的缺陷。     

地板辐射供暖房间温度调节方法

研究分别以室内温度、地板表面温度及两者作为控制参数,控制循环水泵启停,调节房间温度的方法,发现了地板结构层热延迟性可延迟室内温度的下降,得出了地板辐射供暖系统运行调节规律。分析了以地板表面温度作为控制参数时,室外温度、围护结构热延迟性及地板表面温度对墙体内表面平均温度的影响,地板表面温度对墙体内表面平均温度的影响较大．且两者变化趋势一致,而室外温度对供暖房间墙体内表面平均温度的影响很小。     

Preventing the entry of outdoor particles with the indoor positive pressure control method: Analysis of influencing factors and cost

Maintaining positive pressure indoors with a mechanical ventilation system is a popular control method for preventing the entry of outdoor airborne particles. This paper analyzes the factors which affect the satisfied superfluous airflow rates of positive pressure control. Through modeling a large amount of cases with a validated model, the factors, e.g. temperature difference, outdoor wind velocity, effective air leakage gaps in the envelopes, the area of the air leakage and the room, were analyzed. Based on the theoretical model, a correlating equation to calculate the satisfied superfluous airflow rate was established by multiple full quadratic regressions. The correlating equation is simple for engineers or designers to use to determine the satisfied superfluous airflow rate. This paper also aims to find which method, pressure control or indoor air cleaning, costs less to prevent the same amount of outdoor-originated particles from entering indoor environments. Generally speaking, indoor air cleaning control method requires less supply airflow rate than positive pressure control method for reducing the concentration of indoor particles with outdoor origin. An exception for this is a situation with a very low indoor/outdoor particle concentration (I/O ratio) requirement.     

变频空调器的三种控制算法

叙述和分析了变频空调器的矩阵电子控制、系统－相关指令控制和模糊控制三种控制算法的数学模型,阐明了各种方法是如何通过调节压缩机的运转频率、室内外风机转速和电子膨胀阀开度实现舒适性和系统节能性控制的。     

On the estimation of characteristic indoor air quality parameters using analytical and numerical methods

Indoor exposure to air contaminants penetrating from the outdoor environment depends on a number of key processes and parameters such as the ventilation rate, the geometric characteristics of the indoor environment, the outdoor concentration and the indoor removal mechanisms. In this study two alternative methods are used, an analytical and a numerical one, in order to study the time lag and the reduction of the variances of the indoor concentrations, and to estimate the deposition rate of the air contaminants in the indoor environment employing both indoor and outdoor measurements of air contaminants. The analytical method is based on a solution of the mass balance equation involving an outdoor concentration pulse which varies sinusoidally with the time, while the numerical method involves the application of the MIAQ indoor air quality model assuming a triangular pulse. The ratio of the fluctuation of the indoor concentrations to the outdoor ones and the time lag were estimated for different values of the deposition velocity, the ventilation rate and the duration of the outdoor pulse. Results have showed that the time lag between the indoor and outdoor concentrations is inversely proportional to the deposition and ventilation rates, while is proportional to the duration of the outdoor pulse. The decrease of the ventilation and the deposition rate results in a rapid decrement of the variance ratio of indoor to outdoor concentrations and to an increment of the variance ratio, respectively. The methods presented here can be applied for gaseous species as well as for particulate matter. The nomograms and theoretical relationships that resulted from the simulation results and the analytical methods respectively were used in order to study indoor air phenomena. In particular they were used for the estimation of SO2 deposition rate. Implications of the studied parameters to exposure studies were estimated by calculating the ratio of the indoor exposure to the exposure outdoors. Limitations of the methods were explored by testing various scenarios which are usually met in the indoor environment. Strong indoor emissions, intense chemistry and varying ventilation rates (opening and closing of the windows) were found to radically influence the time lag and fluctuation ratios.     

制冷剂配管长度对全新风风管空调(热泵)机组性能影响的实验研究

本文通过进行全新风风管送风式空调(热泵)机组室内外机制冷剂配管长度对机组性能影响的实验,总结了机组制冷量、EER、排气压力、吸气压力、排气温度、制冷剂配管压降等参数随制冷剂配管长度变化的规律,分析了制冷剂配管长度对全新风风管送风式空调(热泵)机组性能影响的特点。实验研究的结果为机组设计、配置及工程应用提供了有价值的参考。     

Outdoor Air Contaminants and Indoor Air Quality under Transient Conditions

The indoor concentrations of contaminants originating from outdoor sources have been measured and calculated under transient conditions. The results show that contaminants that are supplied to an office building via the ventilation system can reach considerably high concentration levels. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio and time lag are dependent on the air change rate. In buildings with low air change rates the indoor concentration variations are smoothed out compared to buildings with high air change rates. The results from the theoretical model are compared to the results from both laboratory and field measurements and the model is verified for well mixed conditions in a 20 m³ test chamber. The model can be used to simulate different control strategies for reduction of indoor contaminant concentrations related to outdoor sources. One such control strategy is based on reduction of the outdoor air change rate during periods with peak outdoor contaminant concentrations.     

铁路客车空调系统多工况节能控制

铁路客车空调系统一般按照夏、冬两季室外空气处于设计参数、室内负荷处于最不利条件下进行设计。但是从全年来看，室外空气状态等于设计参数的时间极少，室外空气状态随季节不断变化，对客车空调系统影响很大。因此，客车空调系统的设计与运行必须考虑在室外气象条件和室内热、湿负荷变化时的调节和控制，才能既满足室内温湿度要求，又达到经济运行的目的。本文介绍了客车空调系统多工况节能控制方法。该方法根据送风状态点与室内、室外空气状态的相对位置关系，采用多工况分区方式能达到节能的目的。方法简单，应用方便，为客车空调系统设计和控制提供了理论依据。     

按热量计费的住宅供热采暖技术研究 (上)

分析了住宅供热采暖系统采用温控和按热量计费的节能潜力,提出了适合我国国情的个有按热量计量功能的住宅室内采暖系统方案和室外供热管网水系统变水量控制方案。着重研究了室内采暖系统在安装散热器恒温阀后,其运行工况下性能参数的变化,在此基础上,研究了各种室内采暖系统相适应的室外供热管网水系统变水量运行策略,阐述了与我国住宅建筑采暖计量收费所适应的室内采暖系统和室外供热管网水系统的设计原则。     

Physico-chemical characterization of indoor/outdoor particulate matter in two residential houses in Oslo, Norway: measurements overview and physical properties--URBAN-AEROSOL Project

Indoor/outdoor measurements have been performed in the Oslo metropolitan area during summer and winter periods (2002-2003) at two different residential houses. The objective of the measurement study was to characterize, physically and chemically, the particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants associated with actual human exposure in the selected places, and their indoor/outdoor relationship. In this paper, we focus on the PM measurements and examine the relationship between the indoor and outdoor PM concentrations taking into account the ventilation rate, indoor sources and meteorological conditions. The indoor/outdoor measurements indicate the important contribution of the outdoor air to the indoor air quality and the influence of specific indoor sources such as smoking and cooking to the concentration of PM inside houses. However, no specific correlation was found between the indoor/outdoor concentration ratio and the meteorological parameters. This study provides information on the physical characteristics and the relationship of indoor to outdoor concentration of particulate matter in residential houses. Moreover, the parameters that influence this relationship are discussed. The results presented here are specific to the sampled houses and conditions used and provide data on the actual human exposure characteristics which occur in the spatial and temporal scales of the present study.