影响不烧铝镁质钢包衬砖使用寿命的原因及改进措施

影响不烧铝镁质钢包衬砖使用寿命的原因及改进措施不烧铝镁质钢包衬砖是本钢研制的新产品，除在本钢普钢系列钢包上普遍采用外，还先后在天津、鞍钢、北满、沈阳、大连等钢厂应用，年用量近２万ｔ，使用效果较好。备厂钢包寿命比用普通材质的包衬寿命提高约０．５～ｌ倍。...     

石灰竖窑筑炉工艺的改进

1　窑衬材质的选择(1)保温层 :炉壳与永久层耐火砖之间的保温层可以选用硅酸铝耐火纤维毡贴砌在炉壳内壁 ,然后砌筑轻质粘土保温砖。保温砖可以根据窑衬设计衬砖厚度采用单层或双层砌筑。双层砖牌号最外层为ＮＧ - 0 .8,内层为ＮＧ - 1.3ｂ ,单层砖一般选用牌号为ＮＧ - 0 .8。(2 )永久层和工作层 :永久层一般采用粘土砖砌筑。工作层则根据窑的大小 ,可以采用不同的材质如粘土质、高铝质、镁铝质、镁铬质砖等。我们在大容积的石灰窑均采用热稳定性好的烧成碱性耐火砖 ,在小容积窑采用烧成的和不烧的碱性砖综合砌筑。2　窑衬的砌筑设计窑衬的…     

提高树脂结合铝镁炭砖性能的措施

随着钢铁生产技术的发展，钢包村砖的使用茶件日益苛刻。树脂结合铝镁炭钢包村砖性能优异，已在钢包上得到广泛应用。通过实际使用发现，钢包衬砖的损毁主要从基质开始，铝镁炭砖所具有的优异性能能否得到发挥将取决于基质的质量。因此，合理分析基质损毁机理，采取适当措施，将使铝镜炭砖的使用性能得到改善。通过实验研究，采用添加复合防氧化剂，控制基质中AZO3、MgO比例及基质料共唐三种方法可有效提高铝镁炭砖的性能cl添加复合防氧化剂为了提高含炭材料的抗氧化性，常常加入S、川、Mg、Zr、SIC、B4C和BN等添加剂。试验的铝镁炭砖…     

以微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料替代刚玉骨料制备刚玉-尖晶石浇注料

为提高钢包工作衬用刚玉-尖晶石浇注料的保温性能，以微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料部分或全部替代同粒级的烧结刚玉骨料，制备了刚玉-尖晶石浇注料，对比研究了不同骨料对浇注料的体积密度、气孔率、力学强度、热导率、抗渣性等的影响。结果表明：采用微孔刚玉-尖晶石骨料部分或全部替代同粒级的烧结刚玉骨料制备的刚玉-尖晶石浇注料，其体积密度和热导率均明显降低，抗渣性能与传统烧结刚玉骨料制备的浇注料相当。将其用于钢包工作衬，有助于钢包减重，提高钢包保温性能。     

降低钢包散热损失的研究

为了钢包保温,经过对钢包散热计算及对保温材料的研究发现,钢包衬应该采用四层材料砌筑,即在钢壳内表面涂层节能涂料,向内是10 mm的纳米绝热板,再向内是75 mm的高强纳微米隔热浇注料,再向内是工作层。渣线工作层采用低热导率的镁碳砖,熔池工作层采用刚玉-尖晶石质不烧砖。这种砌筑方式应用到120 t精炼钢包上,使得渣线处钢包壳温度约225℃,熔池钢包壳温度约200℃,包底壳温度约170℃。     

阻止钢液渗透及延长包龄的钢包砖

已经开发出一种可以消除钢包工作衬钢液渗透的新型钢包衬砖系列。此系列砖为树脂结合的含有碳及氧化铝的高铝砖。在二十余个车间中已取得长寿命效果，在这些砖之间未出现钢液渗透现象。     

抑制钢水渗透的钢包衬砖及钢包寿命的延长

为抑制钢水渗透钢包工作衬，开发出一种新的钢包砖系列。这一系列砖是树脂结合的高铝质砖并添加有碳和镁，在十多个车间里试用，从未发生过钢水渗透，从而延长了钢包的寿命。     

钢包用铝尖晶石砖的蚀损机理

为了在钢包中使用开发出的烧成铝尖晶石砖以替代筑环形衬的铝尖晶石浇注料及高铝砖，白云石砖或镁铬砖。试验室试验中，采用烧结铝尖晶石骨料，加上形成尖晶石结合生产的铝尖晶石砖取得了最佳的耐渣侵蚀性和渗透性，在钢包衬的底部和侧壁的使用中，这些效果得到了进一小的证实。     

碱性砖与整体钢包内衬

本文介绍了钢包内衬所用的材料，钢包内衬有有碱性砖砌筑构的，也有整体衬砌筑的。一般说来，碱性砖是由镁砂和白云石等制成。而整体衬由镁铬砂制成。     

钢包浇注料永久层的设计与应用

安钢第二炼钢厂钢包工作衬用浇注料的浇注方式为整体浇注 ,使用完后残余工作衬全部拆除。但钢包在使用过程中工作衬不同部位的损毁程度不同 ,损毁最快的部位一般为上渣线处。当工作衬因局部损坏而停用时 ,残余工作衬尤其是上渣线以下的包壁残余厚度仍较大 ,还可使用一段时间 ,而整个残余工作衬的拆除 ,既造成了浇注料的浪费 ,又增加了炼钢成本。针对这一状况 ,我们在钢包内壁设计了永久层 ,用高强度浇注料浇注而成 ,每次拆包时保留永久层 ,使之重复使用 ,效果较好。1　浇注料永久层的设计1.1　钢包衬的工作环境钢包内钢水温度为 16 0 0～ 17…     

Multifunctional Refractory-lined Vessel: Ladle Aggregate

A ladle primarily is a container used to transport molten steel from the steelmaking unit to the casting facility.The essential requirements are heat resistant,insulative and strong enough to hold molten steel up to 300 t,with a structure of multilayered refractory lining in a steel shell vessel.When a ladle is assembled with three-phase graphite electrodes,a ladle furnace forms,starting steel refining process with/without the vacuum tank degasser and RH circulating degasser,in order to meet the growing demand on high purity and higher quality steel.The working lining is under aggressive conditions that comprise the chemical reaction with molten steel,the severe corrosion of liquid slag,the disaggregation through oxidation,and the strong stress due to the impacting of the melts and gases and the effects of thermomechanical behaviors.Magnesiacarbon brick is one of the major materials,being indispensable for the slagline of a ladle furnace.Alumina-magnesiacarbon brick has played an important role to substantially increase the service life in the metal zone,from the early lining materials of high alumina and doloma bricks.The permanent lining must assume sufficient responsibility to allow finishing the process of the engaged charge in case of a failure in the working lining.The insulation layer must be as thin as possible in order to maximize the ladle’s capacity,and reduce the shell temperature for saving energy.In this issue,several integrant refractories are reviewed or investigated in order to compile a lining overview,and to contribute a prolonged service life under aggressive working conditions of the ladle furnace.     

Insulating Permanent Lining of Calcium Hexaluminate Based Castable for 300t Ladle in Baosteel

Minimizing of heat loss of liquid steel through the ladle lining led to the integration of increasing insulation function of the permanent lining and high-quality insulating layer between the permanent lining and the ladle steel shell.In this paper,a study was made on physical and thermomechanical properties and corrosion resistance of calcium hexaluminate based castables.The chemical and physical properties of CA6 based castables fabricated in this work can fulfill general requirements of the permanent lining in ladle.The permanent linings of CA6 based castables offer superb thermal insulation and corrosion resistance,compared to conventional refractory systems of 300t ladle in Baosteel.Both functions of insulation and safety work effectively in whole process of ladle operation.     

不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al2O3-SiC-C内衬砖的性能与侵蚀机理

铁水包内衬材料长期服役于间隔周期较长的高、低温交替环境,极易发生剥落与侵蚀损毁。为了探索影响铁水包内衬材料使用寿命的主要因素,对市面上四种铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的化学成分、物相组成、物理性能和微观结构进行了分析,并以高炉渣为侵蚀介质,重点研究了不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的侵蚀机理。结果表明:铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖中Al₂O₃含量越高,高温下制品的液相量越低,越有利于提高耐火砖的高温力学性能;随着含碳量的增加,铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的抗渣性得到明显改善,但抗氧化性及高温抗折强度呈下降趋势;高炉渣中CaO、MgO向耐火砖中渗透,与耐火砖中的Al₂O₃、SiO₂发生反应形成高熔点的镁铝尖晶石及低熔点的钙长石等,生成的低熔相会加剧耐火砖的侵蚀。     

Tests of olivinite-based ladle refractory brick

A lining of burned forsterite—chromite brick, with the olivinite mined at the Khabozerovskoe deposit as the base, was tested in the 385-ton steel-teerning ladle of the converter plant at the Severstal' Works. The brick was made by the method developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Refractories. The characteristics of the brick are given. The ladle lining was tested on a wide range of converter steel grades. At the end of the service period, the lining was examined and the nature of its wear was identified. The experimental lining withstood 23 heats. It is thought promising to use refractory brick of the forsterite composition in large-tonnage steel-teeming ladles.     

Testing ladle brick made by various factories

Conclusions The resistance of linings in steel-casting ladles depends on the working conditions and the construction of the lining, the quality of the brick laying during repairs of the working layer, and the resistance of the ladle brick. The greatest effect on the wear of the lining in ladles is exerted by the following working conditions: chemical composition of the slag, temperature of the metal being cast, the dwell time of metal and slag in the ladle during one casting, the height of the slag layer in the ladle, the thickness of the lining in each belt of the structure. The quality of the structure in the ladles is mainly determined by the size of the joints, the care with which they are filled with mortar, uniformity of drying and warming-up of the ladles before filling them with metal.The resistance of the ladle brick depends mainly on the apparent porosity and nature of the pores and the concentration of fluxes and mullite in the brick.The highest resistance in service was shown by Zaporozh'e ladle brick made from Polozhe kaolin and having the lowest apparent porosity. The concentration of iron oxides in the brick was moderate, and on average equalled 1.39%.In terms of falling resistance the ladle brick of the remaining concerns can be placed in the following order: Chasov-Yar, Semiluks, Bogdanovich, Magnitogorsk, and Borovich.In order to increase the resistance of steel casting ladle linings it is necessary to increase the resistance of the ladle brick by reducing the apparent porosity, using raw materials with low concentrations of fluxes and improving the firing in order to obtain the maximum conditions of the ladle, reducing to a minimum the quantity of slag and reducing the casting time; to use a more rational thickness for laying the ladles over the courses, taking into account better use of their capacity.Translated from Ogneupory, No.5, pp. 27–32, May, 1970.     

微膨胀高铝砖的生产与应用

采用优质高铝矾土和莫来石合成料为主要原料,添加蓝晶石、红柱石、硅线石(简称三石)和叶蜡石等作膨胀剂,使用软质黏土作结合剂,再外加适量添加剂,经适宜温度焙烧制成高铝砖,并成功应用于冶炼低碳钢、不锈钢等钢包内村。该砖在高温区使用时产生微膨胀,使钢包内衬具有良好的整体性,从而提高抗侵蚀性。     

再生镁碳砖和铝镁碳砖在精炼钢包上的应用

介绍了采用64%～88%质量分数的用后钢包再生料制造的再生镁碳砖和再生铝镁碳砖的性能以及在精炼钢包上的应用情况。使用结果表明,根据使用条件和再生料的特点,把镁碳砖的制造技术和使用条件结合起来设计制造的再生镁碳砖,其使用效果显著好于原镁碳砖:在300 t精炼钢包渣线上的使用寿命提高15%,在50 t LF-VD炉渣线上的使用寿命提高50%以上。     

钢包内衬用MgO-CaO-C砖的开发与应用

采用抗水化处理后的镁钙砂为原料 ,研制了MgO -CaO -C砖 ,并对使用MgO -CaO -C砖过程中钢液中夹杂数量和氧含量的变化情况进行了分析。结果表明 :MgO -CaO -C砖在钢包包壁非渣线部位使用 ,能减少钢中氧含量和夹杂物数量 ,降低夹杂粒径 ,改变夹杂粒度分布 ,提高钢水质量。     

铝镁尖晶石炭钢包砖的研制

在高铝质材料基质中加入MgO粉,并添加适量的碳素材料及抗氧化剂,研制出了铝镁尖晶石炭钢包砖。该铝镁尖晶石炭砖质量稳定,在太钢第二炼钢厂70t钢包上使用两年多来,包龄基本上稳定在75次左右,并且使用过程中侵蚀均匀,与打结包相比,挂渣少,无剥落。     

硅质钢包内衬脱除层的研制与使用

以石英砂为主要原料，研制了一种硅质钢包内村脱除层。该脱除层用于铝镁浇注料整体浇注钢包内村时，可使包役期满的工作层顺利脱除；使永久层耐火材料得到保护；可节约耐火材料１．６２ｋｇ／ｔ钢。