75MeV／u ^12C离子Bragg曲线及黑色素瘤细胞失活的测量

用双电离室法测定了ＨＩＲＦＬ提供的７５ＭｅＶ／ｕ ＾１２Ｃ离子经不同厚度降能片后的相对剂量，将降能片厚度等效为组织等效材料－水中的深度，得到了碳离子在水介质中的Ｂｒａｇｇ曲线，与计算的Ｂｒａｇｇ曲线进行了比较。同时测定了离子经不同厚度降能片后对黑色素瘤（Ｂ１６）细胞的失活效应，得到了离子束在不同贯穿深度上的Ｂ１６细胞存活数据。     

50MeV/u12C6+离子辐照B16细胞氧效应研究

实验以体外培养的小鼠Ｂ１６黑色素瘤细胞为材料,在５０ＭｅＶ／ｕ ＾１２Ｃ＾６＋离子的展宽Ｂｒａｇｇ峰区辐照细胞,得到的结果是这种离子的ＯＥＲ值为１．２５。说明这种能量的离子具有低的氧效应。     

用CR－39固体径迹探测器测定重带电粒子的Bragg峰位

采用ＣＲ－３９固体径迹探测器，根据辐射损伤密度沿粒子的径迹分布规律，测定了经３、４ｃｍ空气降能和φ１ｍｍ孔准直的α粒子（５．１５ＭｅＶ）的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位。对于通过３ｃｍ空气后能量降至～１２ＭｅＶ的α粒子，在ＣＲ－３９中的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位大约在７μｍ深度处，理论计算值在６．１４μｍ，实验值与理论值符合得较好。     

用CR—39固体径迹探测器测定重带电粒子的Bragg峰位

采用ＣＲ－３９固体径迹探测器，根据辐射损伤密度沿粒子的径迹分布规律，测定了经３、４ｃｍ空气降能和φ１ｍｍ孔准直的α粒子（５．１５ＭｅＶ）的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位。对于通过３ｃｍ空气后能量降至～１．２ＭｅＶ的α粒子，在ＣＲ－３９中的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位大约在７μｍ深度处，理论计算值在６．１４μｍ，实验值与理论值符合得较好。     

采用电离室测定重离子束的Bragg峰位

从探索定点定位诱变要求出发，提出了重离子束Ｂｒａｇｇ峰可作为一个有用手段，阐述了测量重离子束Ｂｒａｇｇ峰的原理和实验装置，采用一对电离室测定初始能量为５０ＭｅＶ／ｕ左右＾１４Ｎ＾７＋离子束在物质密度归一到小麦材料后的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位。最终得到峰位深度约为４．８５ｎｍ，离子束的最大射程为５．５ｍｍ左右。     

低能16O+离子微剂量学研究

用圆柱型流气式组织等效正比计数器测定了Ｋ－２００ｋＶ低能重离子加速器提供的低能＾１６Ｏ＾＋离子束流在穿过４μｍ厚的ＰＥＴ（Ｃ１０Ｈ８Ｏ４）薄膜后的微剂量谱和径向剂量分布。测定了穿过不同厚度ＰＥＴ薄膜后的＾１６Ｏ＾＋束流的单次事件剂量平均比能ｚＩＤ随束流强度的变化曲线。用ＴＩＲＭ９２Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ程序计算了＾１６Ｏ＾＋离子在ＰＥＴ材料中的射程,与实验结果进行了比较和讨论。     

重离子束的Bragg峰定位于麦粒的自由基探针技术

为了实现定点定位诱变，提出了一种利用ＥＳＲ波谱术对离子束Ｂｒａｇｇ峰在麦粒中的定位方法，即自由基探针技术，采用该技术有效地测定出２１ＭｅＶ／ｕ氮离子束的Ｂｒａｇｇ峰位于小麦胚部，注入深度不超过１．０±０．２ｍｍ，而４８ＭｅＶ／ｕ氮离子束贯穿全麦粒，不能实现定点定位诱变。     

230 MeV质子束经降能器后散射特性的数值模拟

正进行质子治疗时,根据肿瘤本身的深度和厚度,可选用不同能量的质子。目前都采用质子通过介质,在介质中受阻而降低本身速度,从而达到降能的目的。为了分析束流通过不同材料降能器后散射特性,首先进行了理论上的数值计算,再使用MonteCarlo软件FLUKA和SRIM进行模拟,并与理论计算结果进行比较。模拟内容包括降能器厚度、能散、传输效率和发射度增长,材料包括现通常使用的石墨、铍和碳化硼。通过对模拟结果的分析,得到以下结论:230 MeV质子束降能器降至不同能量所需降能器厚度,铍和石墨无明显差异,比碳化硼高出约     

大豆Bragg超结瘤突变系辐射敏感性的改变

１０．７５ＧｙＸ射线照射后，大豆Ｂｒａｇｇ超结瘤突变系ｎｔｓ３８２和ｎｔｓ２４６第一对真叶绿素含量较Ｂｒａｇｇ显著下降。随后发育出的叶片出现畸形改变，并呈现叶绿素缺失的斑块。１０．７５Ｇｙ的照射显著抑制三者的生长，其中对ｎｔｓ３８２和ｎｔｓ２４６的抑制程度显著高于Ｂｒａｇｇ。     

基于最小能量模型求解降膜最小湿润率问题的改进

基于最小能量理论建立了求解降膜湿润率模型，并采用Ritz法得到了降膜速度分布、降膜湿润率、最小降膜厚度等参数的理论逼近解。在模型推导过程中，将乘积项中的余弦变量等效为常系数，仅针对包括正弦变量的相关函数进行分析，使得降膜速度分布简化为仅为单方向变量的函数，在保证精度的基础上明显降低了求解过程冗赘性，尤其对于降膜湿润率及其对应的最小降膜厚度的求解提供了极大便利。     

Extending Bragg peak of heavy ion beam and melanoma cell inactivation measurement

A rotating range modulator was designed and manufactured.which is applied to extend Bragg peak of heavy ion beam.Bragg curves of 75MeV/u ^16O and 75MeV/u ^12C ion beams through this range modulator were measured respectively and two evident spread-out Bragg peaks corresponding to the modulated beams above are shown.In addition,inactivation effect of the modulated 75MeV/u ^16O ion beam at nine different penetration depths on melanoma cells(B16) was measured.Results indicate that lethal effects at the spread-out Bragg peak region are larger than at the plateau of the particle beam entrance.     

中能碳离子束对不同贯穿深度上黑色素瘤B16细胞的辐照存活效应

测量了49．30MeV/u及经脊形过滤器展宽的Bragg峰的74.55MeV/u^12C离子束在不同贯穿深度上辐射后黑色素瘤B16细胞的存活率。结果显示,在以存活为终点的B16细胞生物学效应与碳离子束能量沉积同步增大。即Bragg或展宽的Bragg峰区内细胞存活率远低于离子束入射或出射通道处的细胞存活率。通过实验测量与剂量平均LET结合的线性平方模型理论计算存活曲线的比较,发现在实验测量误差范围内两者符合较好。提示：剂量平均LET结合线性平方模型可能是预测中能重离子束贯穿深度上B16细胞存活效应的一种有效的方法。     

重离子与X射线沿水介质入射深度诱导癌细胞失活的比较

采用Hela、B16两种细胞分别研究了X射线和重离子在水介质中入射的深度与相应细胞的存活率（1－失活率）。结果表明：X射线与重离子在入射深度与细胞存活关系上有明显不同的变化规律。X射线的入射深度与其细胞存活率呈高度正相关,r=0.92;而重离子通过路径的细胞损伤率较小、且在一个细胞存活较高的坪区（86％－92％）,到射程末端细胞损伤率剧增,出现倒Bragg峰。提示：重离子在深层肿瘤治疗上具有比X射线好的深度治疗分布。     

Phase space analysis of planar channeled MeV protons

A phase space analysis framework is used for Monte Carlo channeling simulations of the passage of 3 MeV protons through thin silicon layers. The results show the relationship between the spatial location of the protons across the channeling planes, their emergent angle and their energy loss. It is shown how the energy spread of the transmitted beam depends on the ratio of the layer thickness to the channeling oscillation wavelength. For a layer thickness of half a wavelength, or a multiple thereof, the energy spread of the transmitted beam is smallest. By collimating the emergent angle it can be reduced to a value of the same order as that obtained in beams from van de Graaff accelerators. This is important in understanding the limitations on the subsequent transport and focusing of MeV ion beams after passing through thin crystals.     

重离子束水吸收剂量的电离法实验研究

重离子束水吸收剂量是开展重离子束治疗最基本的物理量。在开展重离子束水吸收剂量的量值复现研究前,需用间接测量的方法开展相关工作以熟悉实验条件。本文用传统电离法开展了能量400 MeV/u、具有6 cm展宽Bragg峰的碳离子束的水吸收剂量测量研究,并评价了重离子束条件下的相关电离室的极化、离子复合修正因子。在电离室的极化和离子复合修正项方面,重离子束水吸收剂量测量的相关不确定度分量显著大于60Co γ辐射水吸收剂量的相关值。用不同电离室测量重离子束水吸收剂量的结果在不确定度允许的范围内符合。以电离室测量为基础,开展更深入的包括量热法绝对测量在内的辐射剂量学研究,对进一步优化重离子束水吸收剂量测量的不确定度至关重要。     

Experimental Study for Absorbed dose to Water of Heavy Ion Beam via Ionization Method

The absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam is a fundamental quantity for heavy ion therapy. It is necessary to perform the relevant work with in-direct measurement prior to the study of the reproduction for the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam. The absorbed-dose to water of a carbon ion beam, whose incident energy was 400 MeV/u and spread-out Bragg peak was 6 cm, was studied with conventional ionization method. The correction factors of polarity and ion recombination for the ionization chambers were evaluated with the incident heavy ion beam. The uncertainty components for the measurement of the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam are significantly larger than that of the 60Co γ radiation, in terms of the corrections for the polarity and ion recombination of the ionization chambers. The absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam deduced from different ionization chambers is consistent within the acceptance of uncertainty. Based on the measurement with ionization chambers, it is crucial to conduct more intensive research activities of radiation dosimetry including the absolute measurement with calorimetric facility, with the purpose of further optimizing the uncertainty in the measurement for the absorbed-dose to water of heavy ion beam.     

Parasitic neutron bragg reflections from large imperfect single crystals

A formula is given which allows to calculate the contribution of the total Bragg scattering from different (hkl) planes to the neutron transmission through a large imperfect single crystals. The formula takes into account the crystal structure type, its mosaic spread value, the plane along which the crystal surface is cut along and its orientation with respect to the neutron beam direction.

A computer program ISCANF-1 was developed to calculate the total parasitic scattering cross-section from different (hkl) planes as well as the nuclear and diffuse scattering cross-sections. The ISCANF-1 program was applied to calculate the neutron attenuation through Cu and Zn single crystals, each of them cut along (002) planes. The calculated values of the neutron transmission through Cu and Zn crystals were compared with the measured ones in the wavelength range 0.21–0.47 nm and 0.04–0.52 nm respectively. The measured and calculated values were found to be in reasonable agreement within the statistical accuracy. The computer program ISCANF-1 was also applied to investigate the effect of parasitic Bragg scattering on the neutron filtering characteristics of both Zn and Cu single crystals as a function of their physical parameters.     

TEPC壁对重离子束微剂量学测量及相对生物学效应计算的影响

组织等效正比计数器（TEPC）广泛应用于重离子束微剂量学测量,提供用于计算相对生物学效应（RBE）的基础数据。为研究TEPC壁对重离子束微剂量学测量及RBE计算的影响,在蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟中引入理想组织等效正比计数器（Ideal-TEPC）,精确计算得到碳离子束不同水等效深度处的微剂量学量及RBE。Ideal-TEPC和常规TEPC的计算结果表明：TEPC壁会使碳离子束产生较大的辐射场畸变,且会使TEPC测量结果及RBE计算结果产生较大偏差,该偏差随贯穿深度的增加而增大。将TEPC壁视为具有固定水等效厚度的水层可在数值上抵消TEPC壁对RBE计算的影响,但在展宽Bragg峰（SOBP）后端会产生过修正现象。Ideal-TEPC结合MC模拟能有效避免TEPC壁效应及TEPC壁引起的辐射场畸变对重离子束微剂量学量和RBE计算的影响。