太原盆地玉米和大豆光合作用日变化和光合光响应

[目的]研究太原盆地玉米和大豆的光合日变化以及光合光响应变化.[方法]采用Licor-6400型便携式光合测定仪进行测定,各参数使用非直角双曲线和二项式曲线拟合.[结果]玉米日变化曲线呈双峰型,pn峰值分别出现在10:00和15:00,有明显的光合午休现象.大豆日变化曲线由于天气状况的影响呈3峰型,Pn峰值分别出现在10:00、12:00和16:00,不考虑下午天气状况影响的条件下,也存在明显的光合午休现象.随着光合有效辐射强度PAR的增加,玉米和大豆的净光合速率Pn增大.当PAR达到1 900 μmol/(m2·s)时,大豆出现光抑制现象,玉米在PAR达到1 700 μmol/(m2·s)时出现光抑制现象.[结论]玉米和大豆均表现为典型的阳性植物特点,R2分别为0.958和0.932,拟合效果良好.     

4种杂交杨荧光光响应曲线

比较研究伊犁地区杂交杨4个不同品系(P.deltaidscv-64 (P64),P.balsamifera L.(Da),P.euramericana(I-262)和P.euramerieanacv (I-467))的荧光参数与光量子通量密度(D_PF)的响应变化特征.4种杂交杨的光照下最大可变荧光(F'm)大小直接影响光合反应中心最大的开放程度和实际的开放程度(φpsπ)的大小;光照下最小荧光(F'o)更多地参与4种杂交杨的orsn能量捕获效率.光合速率(Pn)作为植物生物行为对于植物叶绿素光捕获的光化学行为存在滞后效应,而真正决定植物转化光能的总量由植物叶片叶绿素捕获光量子量决定.υETR反映植物驱动PS Ⅱ的实际量子流量,υETR达到最大值时,光化学反应转化的光能量PE也同样达到最大值,是植物最大限度转化利用太阳能的点.建议用υETR和DPF的荧光光响应曲线作为计算和估算植物对光能的利用及叶片光能转化为净能量的能力,是比表观量子效率更为理想的指标.     

短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响

[目的]研究短期高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用的影响.[方法]选取在宁夏广泛种植的粉用马铃薯陇薯3号为试材,分析短期高温条件下不同生育期其气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、叶室内外CO2浓度差、净光合速率(Pn)以及叶片光合水分利用效率(WUE)的变化.[结果]出苗期高温胁迫下的马铃薯净光合速率和叶室内外CO2浓度差均出现滞后性,而气孔导度和蒸腾速率的变化趋势与常温下相一致,但数值均高于常温下;其中对净光合速率影响最大的因子是叶室内外CO2浓度差.分枝期高温胁迫下净光合速率、叶室内外CO2浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率虽然变化趋势与常温下相近,但是均在中午出现一次突变,达到峰值,而水分利用率变化与常温下基本一致;其中对净光合速率影响最大的因子也是叶室内外CO2浓度差,其次是蒸腾速率.[结论]高温胁迫对不同生育期马铃薯光合作用均有影响,且分枝期大于出苗期,其中叶室内外CO2浓度差是对净光合速率影响最大的因子.     

基于应变补偿的含稀土Ti_2AlNb基合金高温本构模型

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Y合金试样进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,采用摩擦及温度对试验数据进行修正,通过多元线性回归拟合的材料参数与应变量多项式函数关系,构建了基于应变补偿的Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Y合金本构模型。结果表明:摩擦及温度修正的流动应力更能够真实反映合金在高温变形过程中的动态响应;经摩擦修正后的流动应力均低于实验测得的流动应力,随温度的升高,摩擦修正的流动应力越接近于实测值;在低温高应变速率条件下,温升引起的流动应力变化较大,在低应变速率条件下和变形温度高于1050℃时,温升引起的流动应力变化较小。以应变为4次多项式拟合得到的本构模型能够较好预测热压缩模拟过程中流动应力,其相关系数R达到0.9907,平均相对误差E为4.79%。该模型可作为Ti_2AlNb基合金塑性成形过程中有限元模拟的本构关系。     

环境中镧对水稻叶绿体功能元素的影响

以水稻为研究对象,利用CIRAS-1系统和配有能量色散X光谱扫描电镜(SEM-X-EDS)研究不同浓度镧(La3+)处理下幼苗期和灌浆期水稻净光合速率和叶绿体功能元素及La含量变化。实验结果表明,La3+浓度在0.08 mmol·L-1时,幼苗期水稻叶片叶绿体Ca、Mg、K、Mn、Fe含量和灌浆期Ca、Mg、K含量增加,其余元素未发生明显变化,两生育期净光合速率均上升;当La3+浓度达到1.20 mmol·L-1后,幼苗期和灌浆期水稻叶绿体功能元素含量均呈下降趋势,净光合速率下降。La3+处理下,幼苗期水稻净光合速率对La响应比灌浆期更敏感,净光合速率与叶绿体各功能元素均呈正相关关系。La可以在叶绿体中富集,且与处理La3+浓度呈明显剂量-效应关系,随着处理时间的延长,叶绿体内的La含量越高。总之,1.20 mmol·L-1是La3+引发水稻净光合速率和叶绿体功能元素含量降低的临界点,环境中累积的La3+能影响水稻叶片叶绿体功能元素含量,并通过改变叶绿体元素含量而影响水稻光合作用的正常进行。     

201不锈钢形变规律研究

使用Thermecmastor-Z(300kN)型热加工模拟实验机,研究了201不锈钢在变形温度1 000~1 250℃、变形速率0.1~50s~(-1)条件下的形变规律,绘制了应力—应变曲线。试验结果表明,该钢的变形抗力随着变形温度的升高而降低,随变形速率的增大而增大。在变形速率为10s~(-1)、变形温度1 000~1 250℃条件下,变形抗力随应变增加出现明显峰值。通过回归分析建立了变形抗力模型,该模型具有较好的拟合特性,计算值与实测值拟合较好,可为生产工艺参数的制定提供参考。     

干旱胁迫对黄顶菊光合特性的影响

[目的]探讨不同土壤水分条件下黄顶菊苗期光合特性的日变化规律,探究黄顶菊适应干旱胁迫的光合生理基础,为进一步预防其入侵提供理论依据.[方法]将黄顶菊种植在塑料桶中,并放于全透光的遮雨棚内,设3种土壤水分处理,即土壤相对含水量分别为田间最大持水量的80%(CK)、60%(T<,1>)、30%(T<,2>),对苗期黄顶菊的光合参数及相关生态因子的日变化进行测定,并比较不同处理问的差异.[结果]在CK条件下,黄顶菊的Pn日变化曲线基本呈"双峰"型,但在T<,1>和T<,2>处理条件下Pn呈"单峰"曲线;CK在11:30左右达到第1个峰值,为31.83μmol/(m<'2>·s),15:30再次达到峰值,为23.34 μmol/(m<'2>·s).而T<,1>、T<,2>在13:30达到峰值;3个处理黄顶菊叶片的Tr日变化均呈"单峰"曲线;CK与T<,2>处理间无显著差异,而T<,1>处理的日平均水分利用效率显著低于CK和T<,2>处理.[结论]干旱胁迫降低了黄顶菊叶片的Pn、Tr、Sc等生理指标;净光合速率下降的原因既有气孔因素又有非气孔限制因素;干旱胁迫推迟了净光合效率峰值出现的时间;适度干旱能够有效提高黄顶菊的水分利用效率引起其抗旱性响应.     

碳包覆磁铁矿粉等温还原反应动力学

研究了碳包覆磁铁矿粉等温还原速率的最佳影响因素,试验以烟煤与无烟煤为碳源,采用研磨时间为105 s的碳包覆磁铁矿粉,利用自制的动态还原反应炉分别测试以烟煤和无烟煤为碳源包覆磁铁矿粉在不同温度下的失重状态;结合多相反应速率方程做出三种限制性因素下的速率方程,通过线性拟合得出方程的拟合曲线相关系数和速率常数k,再结合最大似然法得出D3模型为最佳模型,即以气相扩散为限制性环节,模型方程为G(α)=[1-(1-α)~(1/3)]~2,计算得出的烟煤碳包覆还原反应活化能E_a为52.317 kJ/mol。     

不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性的比较

[目的]探讨不同产量水平大豆叶片气体交换特性,为大豆高产新品种选育和高产栽培提供参考.[方法]选择3个产量水平的9个栽培大豆品种,在相同环境条件下种植,于V4期(苗期)、R2期(盛花期)、R4期(结荚盛期)、R6期(鼓粒盛期)和R7期(成熟期)用Li-6400型光合作用测定系统,测定不同生育时期大豆叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率.[结果]在全生育期内,高产品种大豆叶片净光合速率和气孔导度均显著高于低产品种.在V4期、R2期和R4期,高产品种叶片蒸腾速率显著高于低产大豆品种;在R6期和R7期不同产量水平大豆品种蒸腾速率差异不显著.V4期和R2期水分利用效率表现为低产品种﹥中产品种﹥高产品种,而在R4期、R6期和R7期则表现为高产品种﹥中产品种﹥低产品种.[结论] 高产大豆品种叶片的气体交换能力显著高于低产大豆品种,为其获得高产奠定了生理基础.净光合速率可作为选择高产大豆品种的一个有效指标.     

番茄白粉病对番茄叶片光合特性的影响

[目的]为探明番茄白粉病的致病机理,研究番茄白粉病对番茄光合特性的影响.[方法]人工接种番茄白粉菌于4种番茄上,番茄感病后在自然光照条件下,用Li-6400便携式光合仪测定番茄叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等参数.[结果]4个番茄品种感病后的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均下降,但不同品种感病后净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率下降幅度不同,其中感病较重的金洋大飓星(4号)和鑫盛一号(5号)下降幅度较大,感病较轻的改良96-8和露佳(13号)下降幅度较小.[结论]研究结果可为番茄白粉病的致病机理、防治新途径以及抗病育种研究提供理论基础.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)