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1.
Nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO3) was used in this article to fill acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is often used in rapid heat cycle molding process (RHCM). To achieve better adhesion between nano‐CaCO3 and ABS/PMMA, nano‐CaCO3 particles were modified by using titanate coupling agent, aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent, and stearic acid. Dry and solution methods were both utilized in the surface modification process. ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO3 composites were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder. Influence of surface modifiers and surface modification methods on mechanical and flow properties of composites was analyzed. The results showed that collaborative use of aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent and stearic acid for nano‐CaCO3 surface modification is optimal in ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO3 composites. Coupling agent can increase the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile yield strength of ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO3 composites. The Izod impact strength of composites increases with the addition of titanate coupling agent up to 1 wt %, thereafter the Izod impact strength shows a decrease. The interfacial adhesion between nano‐CaCO3 and ABS/PMMA is stronger by using solution method. But the dispersion uniformity of nano‐CaCO3 modified by solution method is worse. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

2.
Using the rheological measurements, the effect of three types of organoclays on the morphology and nanoclay dispersion in the poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (ABS/PMMA) blends was investigated. For this purpose, polymers were melt blended with 2 and 4 wt% of organoclays in a twin‐screw extruder. Structural analysis of the blends and nanocomposites through the rheometery, theoretical approach, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the clay content and interaction level between clays and the polymers dominated the morphology. While the morphology of the blends varied by PMMA content, smaller PMMA domains were observed for blends containing clay particles. Better‐interacted and intercalated nanoclays were mainly located within the interface at lower content. While, at higher content, they tended to migrate into the dispersed phase. Theoretical calculations of interfacial tensions and wetting coefficients confirmed this kind of migration. POLYM. COMPOS., 33:1893–1902, 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

3.
CaCO3/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) and CaCO3/ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/ABS nanocomposites were prepared by melting‐blend with a single‐screw extruder. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and the dispersion state of CaCO3 particles in ABS matrix were investigated. The results showed that in CaCO3/EVA/ABS nanocomposites, CaCO3 nanoparticles could increase flexural modulus of the composites and maintain or increase their impact strength for a certain nano‐CaCO3 loading range. The tensile strength of the nanocomposites, however, was appreciably decreased by adding CaCO3 nanoparticles. The microstructure of neat ABS, CaCO3/ABS nanocomposites, and CaCO3/EVA/ABS nanocomposites was observed by scanning electron microscopy. It can be found that CaCO3 nanoparticles were well‐dispersed in ABS matrix at nanoscale. The morphology of the fracture surfaces of the nanocomposites revealed that when CaCO3/EVA/ABS nanocomposites were exposed to external force, nano‐CaCO3 particles initiated and terminated crazing (silver streak), which can absorb more impact energy than neat ABS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008  相似文献   

4.
Poly (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) was used to modify diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A type of epoxy resin, and the modified epoxy resin was used as the matrix for making TiO2 reinforced nanocomposites and were cured with diaminodiphenyl sulfone for superior mechanical and thermal properties. The hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bulk morphology was carefully analyzed by SEM and TEM and was supported by other techniques. DMA studies revealed that the DDS‐cured epoxy/ABS/TiO2 hybrid composites systems have two Tgs corresponding to epoxy and ABS rich phases and have better load bearing capacity with the addition of TiO2 particles. The addition of TiO2 induces a significant increase in tensile properties, impact strength, and fracture toughness with respect to neat blend matrix. Tensile toughness reveals a twofold increase with the addition of 0.7 wt % TiO2 filler in the blend matrix with respect to neat blend. SEM micrographs of fractured surfaces establish a synergetic effect of both ABS and TiO2 components in the epoxy matrix. The phenomenon such us cavitation, crack path deflection, crack pinning, ductile tearing of the thermoplastic, and local plastic deformation of the matrix with some minor agglomerates of TiO2 are observed. However, between these agglomerates, the particles are separated well and are distributed homogeneously within the polymer matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

5.
Ternary in situ polycarbonate (PC)/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS)/liquid crystalline polymer(LCP) composites were prepared by injection molding. The LCP used was a versatile Vectra A950, and the matrix of composite specimens was PC/ABS 60/40 by weight. Maleic anhydride (MA) copolymer and solid epoxy resin (bisphenol type‐A) were used as compatibilizers for these composites. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, impact, morphology, and thermal properties of the composites were studied. Tensile tests showed that the tensile strength of the PC/ABS/LCP composite in the longitudinal direction increased markedly with increasing LCP content. However, it decreased slowly with increasing LCP content in the transverse direction. The modulus of this composite in the longitudinal direction appeared to increase considerably with increasing LCP content, whereas the incorporation of LCP into PC/ABS blends had little effect on the modulus in the transverse direction. The impact tests revealed that the Izod impact strength of the composites in both longitudinal and transverse direction decreased with increasing LCP content up to 15 wt %; thereafter it increased slowly with increasing LCP. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) and thermogravimetric measurements showed that the heat resistance and heat stability of the composites tended to increase with increasing LCP content. Scanning electron microscopy observation and DMA measurement indicated that the additions of epoxy and MA copolymer to PC/ABS matrix appeared to enhance the compatibility between the PC and ABS, and between the matrix and LCP. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 2274–2282, 1999  相似文献   

6.
The fire performance and mechanical properties of an acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) copolymer compounded with different expandable graphites (EG) and fire retardants were studied by using the limiting oxygen index test, the UL‐94 test, a mechanical test, and a thermogravimetric analysis. The ground EG treated with phosphoric acid and silane could have the great increase of the volume expansion ratio. The addition of the treated EG in ABS significantly enhances the fire performance but decreases the impact strength of ABS. ABS with the treated EG has a much higher impact strength than with the as‐received EG because of the smaller particle size of the treated EG and the better adhesion between the ABS and the treated EG. The addition of modified ammonium polyphosphate or decabromodiphenyl oxide/antimony trioxide can considerably improve the fire performance of ABS/treated EG composites because of a synergistic effect. The V‐0 grade (UL‐94) ABS composite with the limiting oxygen index of 32.5 can be obtained by adding small amounts of the treated EG and modified ammonium polyphosphate into ABS. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the initial vapor release temperatures and the weight loss rates of ABS/EG composites are closely related to their fire performance and affected by the fire retardant used. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
Bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (TSS) was reacted with the silanol groups of the commercially available clay, Closite®25A (C25A) to prepare TSS‐C25A, which was melt‐compounded with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (ABS). The tetra sulfide groups of TSS‐C25A may chemically react with the vinyl groups of ABS to enhance the interaction between the clay and ABS. The ABS/clay composites exhibited much higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the neat ABS. Especially the elongation at break of ABS/TSS‐C25A composite was 5 times higher than that of neat ABS. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the clay showed that the d001 basal spacing was enlarged from 1.89 nm to 2.71–2.86 nm as a result of the compounding with ABS. According to the thermogravimetric analysis, the thermal decomposition of the composite took place at a slightly higher temperature than that of neat ABS. Intercalated/exfoliated coexisting structures were observed by transmission electron microscopy for the ABS/clay composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008  相似文献   

8.
A series of poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (ABS) grafting modifiers were synthesized by emulsion grafting poly(acrylonitrile‐styrene) (SAN) copolymer onto polybutadiene (PB) latex rubber particles. The chain transfer reagent tert‐dodecyl mercaptan (TDDM) was used to regulate the grafting degree of ABS and the molecular weight of SAN copolymers. By blending these ABS modifiers with Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) resin, a series of CPVC/ABS blends were obtained. The morphology, compatibility, and the mechanical properties of CPVC/ABS blends were investigated. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies showed that the ABS domain all uniformly dispersed in CPVC matrix. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) results showed that the compatibility between CPVC and SAN became enhanced with the TDDM content. From the mechanical properties study of the CPVC/ABS blends, it was revealed that the impact strength first increases and then decreases with the TDDM content, which means that the compatibility between CPVC and the SAN was not the only requirement for maximizing toughness. The decreasing of tensile strength and the elongations might attribute to the lower entanglement between chains of CPVC and SAN. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

9.
The morphology, tensile, impact properties, and thermal expansion behavior of polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butadiene (ABS)/talc composites with different compositions and mixing sequences were investigated. From the studies of morphology of the PC/ABS/talc composites, it was observed that some talc particles were located in both the PC and the ABS phases of the blend but most were at the interface between the PC and ABS phases for every mixing sequence. Aspect ratios of the talc particles determined by TEM image analysis reasonably matched values computed from tensile modulus using composite theory. The thermal expansion behavior, or CTE values, was not significantly influenced by the mixing sequence. The impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites depended significantly on the mixing sequence; a premix with PC gave the poorest toughness. The molecular weight of the PC in PC/talc composites was found to be significantly decreased. It appears that the impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites is seriously compromised by the degradation of the PC caused by talc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012  相似文献   

10.
This study examined the miscibility and mechanical properties of melt‐mixed poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly (trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT), and PLA/PTT blend with 5–10 phr of methyl methacrylate‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (MBS). The isothermal crystallization kinetics of the PTT blends were analyzed by using the Avrami equation. The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscope results indicated that the miscibility of the PLA/PTT blends was improved by adding 5–10 phr of MBS. Although PLA, with the addition of 10 phr of MBS, had lower tensile strength at yield and higher breaking elongation and impact strength than pure PLA, no improvement in these mechanical properties could be observed in PLA/PTT blends. This result is explained by assuming that the crystallization of PTT at the interface favors the disentanglement of MBS from the PTT domain. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

11.
The homogeneous polycarbonate/poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) (PC/ABS) nanocomposite thin films were prepared by a facile solvent casting method using phenylene modified‐mesoporous silica materials as additives and dichloromethane as a solvent. The physicochemical analyses using small‐angle X‐ray scattering, nitrogen adsorption–desorption, solid‐state 13C and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance, and scanning electron microscope were investigated to provide clear physical and chemical properties for modified‐mesoporous materials and nanocomposite films. Tensile tests were performed at room temperature according to ASTM D638. Rheological properties were also analyzed to observe any variance of solid–liquid property. As a compatibilizer and a reinforcing filler, mesoporous (organo‐)silicas showed enhanced features in rheological and mechanical properties. The sound absorption coefficient was measured by the impedance tube up to 6400 Hz according to ISO 10534‐2. It was found that the PC/ABS nanocomposites containing mesoporous materials can be used as a sound‐proofing support material depending on fabrication process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45777.  相似文献   

12.
The mechanical and heat‐resistant properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) binary and ternary blends were investigated. The relationship of compatibility and properties was discussed. The results show that poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and styrene–maleic anhydride (SMA) can improve the thermal properties of conventional ABS. The Izod impact property of ABS/PMMA blends increases significantly with the addition of PMMA, whereas that of ABS/SMA blends decreases significantly with the addition of SMA. Blends mixed with high‐viscosity PMMA are characterized by higher heat‐distortion temperature (HDT), and their heat resistance is similar to that of blends mixed with SMA. For high‐viscosity PMMA, from 10 to 20%, it is clear that blends appear at the brittle–ductile transition, which is related to the compatibility of the two phases. TEM micrographs show low‐content and high‐viscosity PMMA in large, abnormally shaped forms in the matrix. Compatibility between PMMA and ABS is dependent on both the amount and the viscosity of PMMA. When the amount of high‐viscosity PMMA varied from 10 to 20 wt %, the morphology of the ABS binary blends varied from poor to satisfactory compatibility. As the viscosity of PMMA decreases, the critical amount of PMMA needed for the compatibility of the two phases also decreases. SMA, as a compatibilizer, improved the interfacial adhesiveness of ABS and PMMA, which results in PMMA having good dispersion in the matrix. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2652–2660, 2002  相似文献   

13.
A series of poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene)/ZnO nanocomposites with different ZnO nanoparticles content were synthesized by a mass‐suspension polymerization process. Nanocomposites obtained through this technique presented high impact resistance despite the presence of agglomerates for high ZnO nanoparticles content so that, these samples were subjected to twin‐screw extrusion. The extrusion led to a dramatic morphological change and increased in impact resistance, higher than 100% in most of the cases. On the other hand, the higher the ZnO content, the higher the UV blocking (>95% for 1 and 3% of ZnO) for both materials, before and after extrusion. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013  相似文献   

14.
Poly(acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene), polycarbonate (PC), and two types of antioxidants have been blended by an extruder twin screw. Notched Izod impact strength, tensile property, and melting flow index (MFI) were measured for the blends including different amounts of antioxidants, and morphology of the blends was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antioxidant action, especially on mechanical properties and the phase structure of the blends, has been studied for the undergraded samples. It was found that the phenolic antioxidant, tetrakis (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoyloxy-methyl) methane, C73H108O12, whose commercial name is KY-7910, and phosphite antioxidant, triphenyl phosphite (TPP), (C6H5O)3P, all decrease the Izod impact strength and tensile modulus of the blends and increase the elongation at break if a small amount of the antioxidants (such as less than 0.7%) was mixed into the blends. When the content of the antioxidants is increased, surpassing 0.7%, KY-7910 has little effect on impact property of the blends, but TPP made the Izod impact strength decrease and the MFI increase to a great degree. SEM results show that the two phases of ABS/PC with a weight ratio of 30/70 is cocontinuous; this structure is destroyed by addition of the two antioxidants, and in ABS/PC/antioxidants blends, the size of the ABS phase, as dispersion, does not change not much with increasing KY-7910 content, but becomes more scattered and greater with increasing content of TPP. These results are consistent with the mechanical tests. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

15.
Advanced polymer composites containing organic–inorganic fillers are gaining increasing attention due to their multifunctional applications. In this work, poly(styrene‐butadiene‐styrene) (SBS) composites containing magnetite‐functionalized graphene (FG) were prepared by a dissolution ? dispersion ? precipitation solution method. Evidently, through morphology studies, amounts of FG were well distributed in the SBS matrix. Improvements in neat SBS properties with respect to FG loading in terms of thermal stability, creep recovery and mechanical properties are presented. As expected, the addition of FG improved the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the composites. The yield strength and Young's modulus of the SBS increased by 66% and 146% at 5 wt% filler loading which can be attributed to the reinforcing nature of FG. Similarly, an increase in the storage and loss modulus of the composites showed a reinforcement effect of the filler even at low concentration. The results also showed the significant role of FG in improving the creep and recovery performance of the SBS copolymer. Creep deformation decreased with filler loading but increased with temperature. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

16.
As the material properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS) have an excessively wide margin for applications in automobile console boxes, ABS partly replaced with poly(l ‐lactic acid) (PLA) may be used for the same purpose with improved ecofriendliness if the corresponding deterioration of the material properties is acceptable through the choice of appropriate additives. ABS composites with 30 wt % renewable components (PLA and cellulose pulp) were prepared by melt compounding, and the material properties were examined as a function of the additive content. The changes in the mechanical properties of the ABS/PLA blends were examined after the addition of cellulose pulp and two clays [Cloisite 25A (C25A) and sodium montmorillonite] as well as these two clays treated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT). The heat distortion temperatures of the composites were measured as a function of the content of the TESPT‐treated C25A. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40329.  相似文献   

17.
Nonisothermal crystallization behavior and crystal morphology of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) composites filled with modified nano‐calcium carbonate (CaCO3) had been investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The modified Avrami equation and Ozawa theory were used to investigate the nonisothermal crystallization, respectively. The particles of nano‐CaCO3, acting as a nucleation agent in composites, accelerated the crystallization rate by decreasing the half‐time of crystallization or increasing the parameters of Zc and K(T). Moreover, the nano‐composite with 2 wt% nano‐CaCO3 exhibited the highest crystallization rate. The Avrami and the Ozawa exponents, n and m of the nano‐composites, were higher than those of neat PTT, suggesting more complicated interaction between molecular chains and the nanoparticles that cause the changes of the nucleation mode and the crystal growth dimension. The effective activation energy calculated from the Friedman formula was reduced as nano‐CaCO3 content increased, suggesting that the nano‐CaCO3 made the molecular chains of PTT easier to crystallize during the nonisothermal crystallization process. The optical micrographs showed that much smaller or less perfect crystals were formed in composites because of the presence of the nano‐CaCO3 particles. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers  相似文献   

18.
Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) polymers are susceptible to degradation that increases the yellowness of the polymer, distorts the surface glossy, and affects the mechanical properties. One way to protect ABS against degradation is the addition of carbon black (CB) that can act as a stabilizer. In this work, CB was dispersed in ABS through melt‐compounding. Electron microscopy was used to study the morphology of the filled‐ and unfilled‐ABS, and revealed that the CB particles/aggregates were distributed within the styrene–acrylonitrile (SAN) phase and around the PB phase. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that upon processing of ABS, crosslinking in the polybutadiene (PB) phase was the governing degradation mechanism. Increasing the CB content resulted in increasing the heat stability of the ABS/CB compounds, which was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The DTA results showed that the PB degradation peak occurring at about 395°C was disappeared by addition of CB. Impact strength test was performed to study the effect of CB on the toughness of ABS. Impact strength was reduced with increasing CB loading. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007  相似文献   

19.
The thermal degradation process of poly(vinyl chloride)/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PVC/ABS) blends was investigated by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis in the temperature range 50–650°C in air. The thermooxidative degradation of PVC/ABS blends of different composition takes place in three steps. In this multistep process of degradation the first step, dehydrochlorination, is the most rapid. The maximal rate of dehydrochlorination for the PVC blends containing up to 20% ABS-modifier is achieved at average conversions of 23.5–20.0%, i.e., at 13.5% for the 50/50 blend. The apparent activation energies (E = 103–116 kJ mol−1) and preexponential factors (Z = 2.11 × 109−3.45 × 1010min−1) for the first step of the degradation process were calculated after the Kissinger method. © 1996 John Wiley © Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
A novel antistatic agent poly(ether‐ester‐amide) (PEEA) based on caprolactam, polyethylene glycol, and 6‐aminocaproic acid was successfully synthesized by melting polycondensation. The structure, thermal properties, and antistatic ability of the copolymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and ZC36 megohmmeter. Test results show that PEEA is a block copolymer with a melting point of 217°C and a thermal decomposition temperature of 409°C, together with a surface resistivity of 108 Ω/sq. Antistatic poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐butadiene‐co‐styrene) (ABS) materials were prepared by blending different content of PEEA to ABS resin. The antistatic performances, morphology, and mechanical properties were investigated. It is indicated that the surface resistivity of PEEA/ABS blends decrease with the increasing PEEA content, and the excellent antistatic performance is obtained when the antistatic agent is up to 10–15%. The antistatic performance is hardly influenced by water‐washing and relative humidity, and a permanent antistatic performance is available. The antistatic mechanism is investigated. The compatibility of the blends was studied by scanning electron microscopy images. The ladder distribution of antistatic agent is formed, and a rich phase of antistatic agent can be found in the surface layer. The elongations at break of the blend are improved with the increasing antistatic agent; the tensile strength and the notched impact strength kept almost the same. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.  相似文献   

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