OFDM系统信道盲估计的一种新算法

利用循环前缀（CP）引入的信息冗余，在利用接受信号的二阶统计特性实现正交频分复用（OFDM）系统信道盲估计的子空间算法基础上，采用矩阵变换的方法，改善信息序列的非周期相关函数，推导出信道估计的新算法。     

OFDM‐Based STBC with Low End‐to‐End Delay for Full‐Duplex Asynchronous Cooperative Systems

We propose a new space‐time block coding (STBC) for asynchronous cooperative systems in full‐duplex mode. The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique is used to combat the timing errors from the relay nodes. At the relay nodes, only one OFDM time slot is required to delay for a pair‐wise symbol swap operation. The decoding complexity is lower for this new STBC than for the traditional quasi‐orthogonal STBC. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves excellent performances.     

Block‐wise Alamouti schemes for OQAM‐OFDM systems with complex orthogonality

Offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems cannot be directly combined with the Alamouti code because of the intrinsic imaginary interference. In this paper, we propose a block‐wise space‐frequency block coding (SFBC) scheme and a block‐wise space‐time block coding (STBC) scheme for offset quadrature amplitude modulation‐based OFDM systems, which achieve bit error rate performances that are close to OFDM systems. The proposed schemes satisfy the orthogonality condition of the Alamouti code in the complex field with guard band/intervals. To improve the spectral efficiency of the block‐wise SFBC scheme, we also consider the case without the guard band. It is observed that only the two innermost subcarriers do not satisfy the complex orthogonality condition when the guard band is removed. Then, a simple equalization scheme is proposed to independently equalize the two innermost subcarriers. Simulation results show that the block‐wise SFBC scheme works well under channels with mild‐to‐moderate frequency selectivity, and the block‐wise (STBC ) scheme suffers less than 1 dB loss under severe frequency selective channels at the bit error rate of 10 ^− 3, when only a simple one tap zero‐forcing equalizer is employed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Channel‐power profile estimation for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems

In this work, a channel‐power profile estimation for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems, based on the cyclic prefix (CP), is introduced. By knowing the delay of each path, the time‐dispersion information can be derived. The proposed method, considering long intersymbol interference (ISI) fading channels, requires only the coarse symbol timing information. More specifically, quasi‐stationary fading channels are considered. The basic contribution is to obtain the maximum‐likelihood estimation of the correlation coefficient based on the CP. Subsequently, the relationship between the correlation coefficient and the channel‐tap powers is explored. With the estimate of correlation coefficient, the least‐square solution of the channel‐tap powers can be determined. The proposed method is suitable for both short and long ISI channels. Furthermore, the Cramér–Rao lower bound of the channel‐power profile estimation is analyzed, and simulations confirm the advantages of the proposed estimator. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MIMO-OFDM中最优导频序列信道估计算法

提出了最优导频序列对于信道估计在多输入多输出(MIMO-OFDM)系统中的应用,这种设计使得信道估计解决方案复杂度很低,以及灵活的天线结构,可以获得最佳的均方误差(MSE)而且在空间域和信道估计的性能最优,峰值平均功率比OFDM符合的性能,仿真结果证明了该最优导频设计方案的有效性。     

衰落信道上空频分组码的性能分析

对于任意抽头数的多输入多输出(MIMO)频率选择性Nakagami衰落信道,利用矩生成函数(MGF)方法和高斯Q函数的指数近似表达式,推导采用矩形M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)的空频分组编码(SFBC)正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的平均误符号率(SER)性能的精确和近似解析表达式。数值计算和仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性和近似分析的准确性。     

A novel wideband space‐time channel simulator based on the geometrical one‐ring model with applications in MIMO‐OFDM systems

In this paper, we extend the geometrical one‐ring multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) channel model with respect to frequency selectivity. Our approach enables the design of efficient and accurate simulation models for wideband space‐time MIMO channels under isotropic scattering conditions. Two methods will be provided to compute the parameters of the simulation model. Especially, the temporal, frequency and spatial correlation properties of the proposed wideband space‐time MIMO channel simulator are studied analytically. It is shown that any given specified or measured discrete power delay profile (PDP) can be incorporated into the simulation model. The high accuracy of the simulation model is demonstrated by comparing its statistical properties with those of the underlying reference model with specified correlation properties in the time, frequency and spatial domain. As an application example of the new MIMO frequency‐selective fading channel model, we study the influence of various channel model parameters on the system performance of a space‐time coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For example, we investigate the influence of the antenna element spacings of the base station (BS) antenna as well as the mobile station (MS) antenna. It turns out that an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the BS side results in a higher diversity gain than an increasing of the antenna element spacing at the MS side. Furthermore, the diversity gain brought in by space‐time block coding schemes is investigated by simulation. Our results show that transmitter diversity can significantly reduce the symbol error rate (SER) of multiple antenna systems. Finally, the influence of the Doppler effect and the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the system performance is also investigated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种时频变换OFDM系统的信道估计模型

在OFDM系统中,无线信道的准确估计很大程度上决定了系统的传输性能,提出了一种时频变换信道估计模型,并将它应用于自适应OFDM系统中的信道估计,通过与理想自适应系统相比较,研究了模型的性能以及信道估计的误差对于系统性能的影响。     

MIMO-OFDM系统的信道估计算法

基于训练序列的信道估计方法在慢衰落信道中呈现出较好的性能，但是这种方法不适用于快衰落环境，为了能够及时跟踪信道的变化，通常采用基于导频符号的信道估计方法。将针对采用连续传输方式的MIMO—OFDM系统，讨论基于导频符号的信道估计方法并进行了计算机仿真。     

单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法研究

介绍MIMO-OFDM系统中几种基于导频的信道估计方法。首先研究了单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法。一方面重点关注三种估计准则的原理,仿真表明LMMSE准则具有最佳的性能;另一方面介绍了几种插值的方法用来恢复非导频处的信道信息。     

OFDM系统中联合信道估计的载波同步算法的研究

针对采用正交频分复用（OFDM）调制的欧洲数字电视地面广播系统（DVB—T），详细分析了剩余载波频偏对信道估计的影响，并根据DVB—T特有的信道估计方式提出了与信道估计相结合的频域相位调整和时域补偿两种同步方案，仿真结果表明，在多径信道条件下，这两种同步方案能完全消除剩余载波频偏对信道估计的影响，且具有令人满意的性能。     

MIMO-OFDM channel estimation method utilizing correlation in time domain for B3G-TDD uplink

This article proposes a simple pilot-aided channel estimation method based on correlation in time domain for multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Pilot symbols in all transmit antennas are generated from different circular shifting of a certain sequence. Through once correlation, the receiver can obtain time-domain pulse responses for channel fading from all transmit antennas to a certain receive antenna, from which channel estimation in frequency domain can be obtained. Beyond 3G time-division duplex (B3G-TDD) uplink is introduced, and the channel estimation method is used in it. Theoretical analysis and simulation are both carried out. Mean square error (MSE) performance shows that the method can exhibit precise estimation. Complexity analysis proves it requires very low complexity. System simulation result shows that it guarantees the performance of B3G-TDD uplink very well.     

一种新的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法

提出了一种新的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法,首先使时域信号包络与窗函数循环卷积,进行时偏快速粗估计,然后利用解调信号方差进行判决,获得精确的时偏估计.该算法不需要训练序列、导频信号或循环前缀.仿真结果证明,该算法估计精度高于已有的PCC-OFDM盲时偏估计算法.     

一种降低OFDM峰均比的编码方法

讨论了一种降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统峰均比的分组编码方法.对于4载波OFDM系统,通过对已有QPSK调制下具有最小峰均比(PAR)的码字进行分析,表明了能使峰均比降低至少3 dB的码字所满足的相位关系,并以此为基础,研究推广了这类码字在M-PSK调制下的一种一般获取过程.对于子载波个数增大的OFDM系统,讨论了以4载波编码方法为基础降低峰均比的办法,对其进行了理论分析并给出了仿真研究.仿真结果表明文中编码方法不仅能有效降低OFDM系统的PAR,而且具有一定的纠错能力.     

Differential modulation for asynchronous two‐way relay systems over frequency‐selective fading channels

We propose two schemes for asynchronous multi‐relay two‐way relay (MR‐TWR) systems in which neither the users nor the relays know the channel state information. In an MR‐TWR system, two users exchange their messages with the help of N_R relays. Most of the existing works on MR‐TWR systems based on differential modulation assume perfect symbol‐level synchronization between all communicating nodes. However, this assumption is not valid in many practical systems, which makes the design of differentially modulated schemes more challenging. Therefore, we design differential modulation schemes that can tolerate timing misalignment under frequency‐selective fading. We investigate the performance of the proposed schemes in terms of either probability of bit error or pairwise error probability. Through numerical examples, we show that the proposed schemes outperform existing competing solutions in the literature, especially for high signal‐to‐noise ratio values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improved Design Criterion for Space‐Frequency Trellis Codes over MIMO‐OFDM Systems

In this paper, we discuss the design problem and the robustness of space‐frequency trellis codes (SFTCs) for multiple input multiple output, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) systems. We find that the channel constructed by the consecutive subcarriers of an OFDM block is a correlated fading channel with the regular correlation function of the number and time delay of the multipaths. By introducing the first‐order auto‐regressive model, we decompose the correlated fading channel into two independent components: a slow fading channel and a fast fading channel. Therefore, the design problem of SFTCs is converted into the joint design in both slow fading and fast fading channels. We present an improved design criterion for SFTCs. We also show that the SFTCs designed according to our criterion are robust against the multipath time delays. Simulation results are provided to confirm our theoretic analysis.     

A comparative study on the performance of MIMO‐STBC subject to Weibull fading channels

In this paper, we investigate the analytical performance of the multiple‐input multiple‐output system (MIMO) with orthogonal space‐time block codes (STBCs) subject to Weibull fading channels (WFC). Space‐time block code technique provides an efficient pattern for wireless transmission over various fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Two approximating methods of the sum of independent Weibull random variables are studied. For each approach, we derive accurate approximate expressions for several performance metrics of MIMO‐STBC system operating under independent and nonidentical WFC. The proposed approximations are expressed in terms of 2 generalized hypergeometric functions, namely, Fox's H and Meijer's G functions. All the derived approximate expressions prove high accuracy, while compared with the simulation results established via Monte Carlo method and Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test as well. Although the 2 approaches have approximately the same accuracy, the second method approximate expressions are much less complex than those of the first method.     

基于FOLP的STBC-OFDM信号盲识别方法

针对STBC-OFDM信号盲识别中存在着识别所需样本数多、对频偏敏感和不适用于单接收天线等问题,提出一种基于FOLP（Fourth Order Lag Product）的识别方法.根据不同空时分组码元素的相关性,推导了接收信号的FOLP,构造了基于FOLP的峰值检测算法.推导和仿真结果表明,该算法能够在单接收天线下运行,且不需要知道信道信息、噪声信息、调制信息以及OFDM块的起始位置;且该算法不受调制方式的影响,对时延、相位噪声和频率偏移鲁棒性能好,能够应用于认知无线电、频谱监控等工程领域中.     

Recursive maximum likelihood estimation of time‐varying carrier frequency offset for orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing systems

A recursive maximum likelihood carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator is proposed in this work, where redundancy information contained in the cyclic prefix of multiple consecutive orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is exploited in an efficient recursive fashion. Because the estimator is based on multiple OFDM symbols, the time‐varying CFO must be considered. We investigate the effect of time‐varying CFO on the performance of the estimator and the trade‐off between fast tracking ability and low estimation variance. We show that, without channel noise, the mean squared error (MSE) of estimation due to CFO estimation variation increases approximately quadratically with n, where n is the number of OFDM symbols used for CFO estimation (estimation window size), whereas the MSE due to channel noise decreases proportionally to 1/n (approximately) if the CFO is constant. A closed‐form expression of the optimal estimation window size (approximately) is derived by minimizing the MSE caused by both time‐varying CFO and channel noise. For wireless systems with time‐varying rate of change for CFO, the proposed estimator can be implemented adaptively. In addition, typical optimal estimation window sizes for WiMAX, DVB‐SH and MediaFLO systems are evaluated as an example. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种循环前缀为PN序列的OFDM信道估计算法

与传统的正交频分复用（OFDM）频域信道估计方法不同，提出了一种循环前缀为PN序列的OFDM信道估计方法：在时域OFDM符号中不插入传统意义上的循环前缀，而是插入PN序列作为训练序列，将PN序列与对应的接收序列作圆周相关处理获得信道频率响应估计；而由于PN序列周期性出现，它也起到了循环前缀的作用。仿真结果表明：在多径瑞利衰落信道中，在相同信噪比和相同信道利用率的条件下，提出的算法比频域梳状导频插入的时域滤波算法具有更高的信道估计精度。