基于核函数的二阶盲辨识的单通道信号盲分离方法研究

调整权值的二阶盲辨识(WASOBI)算法已应用于故障诊断领域,但尚不能在欠定状态下对复合故障进行诊断。将该算法与核函数相结合实现了欠定盲源分离,并将其应用到复合故障诊断中。首先运用核函数将单通道信号构造为多维信号,并利用K-SVD源数估计方法估计出源信号个数,然后根据估计的结果重构出正定的观测信号矩阵,解决欠定问题,最后采用调整权值的二阶盲辨识算法将各故障源信号分离出来。仿真分析和实验结果表明,该方法能有效地解决欠定盲源分离问题,并使轴承各故障源信号分离,实现复合故障诊断。     

一种基于累积量的盲源分离新方法及其应用

结合二阶累积量和四阶累积量各自的优点,提出一种基于联合近似对角化二阶累积量和四阶累积量的盲源分离算法。采用稳健白化算法有效地减小了噪声对分离精度的影响。盲源分离算法与基于四阶累积量和二阶累积量的算法相比,具有收敛速度快、分离精度高的优点,两个仿真试验验证了该算法能有效分离语音信号和超高斯与亚高斯信号混合的信号。应用该算法成功实现了实测转子复杂混叠振动信号的分离。     

动态故障源数估计的自适应盲源分离方法

在大型旋转机械故障诊断中,由于故障源数动态变化,无法准确估计源数并有效分离出故障源.针对这一问题,采用拓展四阶累积量矩阵估计动态故障源数,并根据源信号数与传感器数的关系,选择相应的盲源分离算法实现自适应盲源分离.实验结果表明,该源数估计算法能有效地估计出包括欠定情况下的动态故障源数,自适应盲源分离算法能有效地实现正定、超定与欠定盲源分离的故障诊断.     

基于盲源分离技术的故障特征信号分离方法

信号采集过程中，传感器测量到的信号是实际振动信号在此测量方向的投影值，由于其他不相干振源的影响，测量信号由多个振动信号成分组成。在分析多振源信号混合模型的基础上，采用盲源分离技术分离不同的振源信号，讨论分离结果的广义初等相等性质的影响，研究估计振源数目的方法和选取测量信号的方法，利用二阶特征矩阵联合近似对角化算法，从测量信号中分离故障特征源信号。该算法可减小信号采集不当造成的影响，有效提高特征信号的提取。     

基于小波半软阈值消噪的盲源分离方法

为了有效提取含噪机械故障信号中的故障特征信息,研究了一种基于小波半软阈值消噪的盲源分离方法。利用小波半软阈值对故障信号进行消噪处理;采用联合近似对角化算法对信号进行盲源分离;考虑在噪声干扰下预消噪常常不足以消除全部噪声,因此在盲源分离后再进行适当的消噪处理,以提高其分离性能。实验验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。     

免疫优化盲源分离算法在故障诊断中的应用

将人工免疫算法用于盲源分离算法,阐述了盲源分离过程,提出了免疫优化盲源分离算法(AIS-ICA算法),针对4组特定信号的混合与分离进行了仿真试验。仿真试验结果表明,该算法具有收敛速度快、分离精度高和稳定性好等优点。将该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号的盲源分离及其故障诊断,增强了振动信号所携带的故障信息,结果表明该算法用于齿轮箱振动信号分离可增强故障信息,降低齿轮箱故障诊断难度。     

LMD-ICA联合降噪方法在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

针对经典独立分量分析（ICA）只能应用于观测源数不少于信号源数的超定盲源分离问题,提出局部均值分解和ICA相结合的欠定盲源分离新方法。该方法将采集的单通道振动信号进行局部均值分解,基于互相关准则对分解的分量进行重组,构建虚拟噪声通道;将虚拟噪声通道与振动信号作为盲源分离的信号输入,采用基于负熵的FastICA算法实现信号源和噪声的分离,从而达到降噪目的。将该方法应用于滚动轴承故障信号,频谱分析结果表明,该方法处理后的信号中噪声得到一定程度滤除,频谱中毛刺更少,故障特征频率更加明显,有利于故障特征的提取,实验分析证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于时间序列变分贝叶斯理论的信号盲源分离

研究信号盲源分离中源信号和混合矩阵估计问题.独立分量分析盲源分离的不足之处在于不能估计混合矩阵和源信号的能量及顺序;变分独立因子分析盲源分离的不足之处在于依赖参数初值.将一般变分贝叶斯理论用于时间序列,推导出时间序列的变分贝叶斯期望极大算法.将此算法用于信号盲源分离,同时将传感器噪声逆方差的分布取为Wishart分布,得到了理论上更合理的后验分布参数更新规则.仿真数据和实际语音信号盲源分离结果表明这种方法可以比较准确地估计混合矩阵和源信号,在一定程度上弥补了独立分量分析和变分独立因子分析盲源分离的不足.     

不同步长下自然梯度算法分离状态的比较

为了解决收敛速度和稳定性能之间的矛盾,通过建立步长因子与分离矩阵相互差异之间的非线性关系,提出了基于自然梯度算法的盲源分离技术。算法沿着梯度方向,选取非线性函数和适当的步长,由分离矩阵的迭代公式,计算得出采用不同步长时分离出的源信号,比较出收敛性和稳定性最优的信号,再经过计算串音误差和性能矩阵作为该算法的评价指标。通过MATLAB仿真分析,得出如果步长选择合适,那么自然梯度算法具有很好的分离效果,能很好的平衡收敛性和稳定性之间的关系。在设备状态监测与故障诊断中,利用盲源分离技术,能够有效提取故障特征信号,方便于机械故障精确定位。     

强脉冲干扰非线性混叠转子故障信号分离

由于旋转机械在运行过程中,传感器测得的振动信号是各振源的混叠信号且含有很强的噪声,常规的信号处理方法难以分离混叠信号,对设备的状态监测和故障诊断造成了很大的困难。针对这一问题,介绍了盲源分离基本原理和方法,指出源分离算法在脉冲噪声环境下失效。针对强脉冲噪声环境下的混叠振动信号,首先,通过中值滤波降噪方法对振动信号进行降噪;然后,通过盲源分离算法对降噪后的信号分离;最后,利用该方法对实测混叠转子振动信号成功实现了降噪和故障信号分离。仿真结果验证了提出方法的有效性。     

基于盲源分离与小波降噪的旋转机械故障分析

基于小波降噪和盲源分离相结合对机械信号进行分离与故障诊断。首先使用经分析选择的较好小波阈值对非平稳振动信号进行降噪,然后运用盲源分离技术分离出激振信号,结果表明利用小波阀值降噪后进行盲源分离时分离信号与源信号相似系数优于直接盲源分离;将小波降噪和盲源分离相结合应用于某燃气轮机的实测故障信号提取,诊断出转子发生了不平衡及碰摩等故障现象,与实测情况相符,有效说明了该方法在旋转机械故障诊断中的实用性。     

机车齿轮传动系统多元信号时变盲分离研究*

齿轮传动系统是保障机车安全稳定运行的最重要的关键装备之一,其运行状态具有时变性、不可预知性和动态联动性等特点,采用传统故障诊断方法进行故障特征获取仍然存在误诊、漏诊等现象。稀疏盲分离是一种能够在信号传输通道有限的情况下,依据正交基映射将多元非线性信号有效分离的软计算方法。但是在实际工况中,机车齿轮故障数据往往是微弱性和不确定性的,从而导致稀疏分离后的源信号特征无法准确诊断故障。因此,提出一种基于变尺度经验模态分解的自适应时变盲分离方法,利用稀疏化处理和迭代筛选进行分离获取故障源,通过调整时间跨度获取最优本征模态函数,删除冗余因素,有效提高故障特征识别准确率。通过仿真试验数据验证,进一步表明了该方法在低信噪比状态下快速准确获取故障特征的有效性,能够为铁路运输的状态检测和故障诊断提供关键技术。     

基于全矢谱时间固有尺度分解和独立分量分析盲源分离降噪的滚动轴承故障特征提取

结合盲源分离技术和全矢谱技术的各自优势,提出一种同源双通道信噪盲源分离法。首先采用时间固有尺度分解（ITD）和独立分量分析（ICA）相结合的分析法降噪,对同源双通道的轴承信号进行ITD分解,根据相关系数准则将分解得到的PRC分量进行重组作为ICA输入矩阵,再采用FastICA解混,实现故障信号与噪声信号的分离;其次采用全矢谱技术对信噪分离降噪后的双通道有效分量信号进行全矢信息融合,做全矢谱分析。滚动轴承故障实验对比分析表明了该方法的有效性。     

Noise cancellation of ultrasonic NDE signals using blind source separation

This paper proposes a new denoising method for ultrasonic NDE (nondestructive evaluation) signals using blind separation (BSS) technology. The proposed denoising method consists of four steps. First, a reconstructed phase space (RPS) is constructed from observed ultrasonic NDE signals. The information about the underlying sources (e.g., ultrasonic signal, noise, etc.) acting on this system is contained in this RPS. Second, independent component analysis (ICA) is performed on the RPS to recover all sources underlying the RPS. Next, the ultrasonic signal component is selected by a decision criterion related to the denoising application and, finally, is reconstructed to obtain the denoised ultrasonic signal. To validate the proposed method, it has been applied to the experimental ultrasonic NDE signals of the test sample and is compared with the wavelet denoising method in SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) enhancement. The experimental results show that the SNR of the ultrasonic NDE signals can be enhanced greatly using the proposed denoising method and the proposed method has almost the same denoising performance as the wavelet denoising method in SNR enhancement. A trait of the proposed denoising method is the ability to denoise ultrasonic NDE signals by separating the ultrasonic signal and noise using blind source separation technology. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semianechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.     

Application of the blind source separation method to feature extraction of machine sound signals

As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods .     

IMPROVED COVARIANCE DRIVEN BLIND SUBSPACE IDENTIFICATION METHOD

An improved covariance driven subspace identification method is presented to identify the weakly excited modes. In this method, the traditional Hankel matrix is replaced by a reformed one to enhance the tdentifiability of weak characteristics. The robustness of eigenparameter estimation to noise contamination is reinforced by the improved Hankel matrix. In combination with component energy index (CEI) which indicates the vibration intensity of signal components, an alternative stabilization diagram is adopted to effectively separate spurious and physical modes. Simulation of a vibration system of multiple-degree-of-freedom and experiment of a frame structure subject to wind excitation are presented to demonstrate the improvement of the proposed blind method. The performance of this blind method is assessed in terms of its capability in extracting the weak modes as well as the accuracy of estimated parameters. The results have shown that the proposed blind method gives a better estimation of the weak modes from response signals of small signal to noise ratio (SNR) and gives a reliable separation of spurious and physical estimates.     

ICA在航空发动机振动信号盲源分离中的应用

研究了基于独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)的发动机振动信号盲源分离技术,旨在将发动机振动信号按照不同的激振源进行分离。首先阐述了基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法原理,通过对仿真信号进行分离,判断了分离输出信号与仿真信号的一致性,验证了该算法的可行性;然后将该算法与FFT分离法相结合,应用于某型双转子航空发动机高、低压转子实测振动信号盲源分离中,取得了很好的分离效果,表明应用ICA技术建立的基于最大信噪比的盲源分离算法具有迭代次数少、计算复杂度低、效果好及稳定等优点。