微生物发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸的研究

DHA作为多不饱和脂肪酸系列中重要的一种，现已发现其对人类的许多疾病的治疗和预防有着重要的意义。目前它的分离纯化主要来自海洋鱼油，存在着许多不利因素限制其生产及应用，研究表明微生物具有大规模工业化生产DHA的能力。本文通过对破囊壶菌ATCC34304等四株菌的发酵液的分析，发现ATCC34304易于培养且DHA含量高，对ATCC34304的发酵培养基组分和发酵条件进行进一步研究后得出，在以淀粉为碳源的培养基中，280℃rpm摇床光照培养6天，DHA含量达320．1mg/L。     

微生物发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸的研究

DHA作为多不饱和脂肪酸系列中重要的一种,现已发现其对人类的许多疾病的治疗和预防有着重要的意义。目前它的分离纯化主要来自海洋鱼油,存在着许多不利因素限制其生产及应用,研究表明微生物具有大规模工业化生产DHA的能力。本文通过对破囊壶菌ATCC34304等四株菌的发酵液的分析,发现ATCC34304易于培养且DHA含量高,对ATCC34304的发酵培养基组分和发酵条件进行进一步研究后得出,在以淀粉为碳源的培养基中,28℃170rpm摇床光照培养6天,DHA含量达320.1mg/L。     

利用酒糟处理液作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的发酵工艺优化

为降低发酵培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的成本，以酱香型白酒酒糟为实验材料，将其简单预处理后作为裂殖壶菌发酵培养基氮源，首先分析了酒糟处理液与胰蛋白胨的游离氨基酸组成与含量，然后以生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量为指标，对酒糟处理液、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物和牛肉膏作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA进行了比较，优化了酒糟处理液作为氮源时的发酵工艺条件，并对发酵废液进行三次循环利用。结果表明：酒糟处理液可以作为满足裂殖壶菌生长的氮源；与酵母提取物、牛肉膏相比，酒糟处理液作为氮源有明显优势；利用酒糟处理液作为氮源的最佳发酵工艺条件为酒糟(含水量约10%)与水质量比1∶9、酒糟处理液添加量70%(与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例)、初始pH 7.0、培养时间108 h,在此条件下裂殖壶菌生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量分别达到22.14、8.88 g/L和2.84 g/L;最佳条件下三次循环添加15.0%(与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例)发酵废液于酒糟处理液培养基中，裂殖壶菌DHA产量分别为4.27、3.70 g/L和2.75 g/L。综上，利用酒糟处理液培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA是酒糟资源化利用的新方法。     

高产二十二碳六烯酸隐甲藻的选育及其发酵条件研究

利用亚硝基胍对隐甲藻ATCC30556进行诱变处理,通过30℃高温培养初筛及摇瓶发酵复筛,得到二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)产量稳定提高的突变株LS1057,其DHA占总脂肪酸的含量从出发株的25.78%提高到32.02%。研究摇瓶发酵条件对突变株发酵的影响,结果表明：在初始pH6.5、温度26℃、转速150r/min的发酵条件下培养216h后,其生物量、总油脂产量及DHA产量分别达到14.06、3.14g/L和1.057g/L,分别比出发藻株提高了21.31%、69.73%和121.59%。     

温度和碳源对隐甲藻生长及DHA积累的影响

研究了隐甲藻（Crypthecodinium cohnii ATCC 30772）以摇瓶发酵培养方式获得最大生物产量和最高二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid,DHA）产量的培养条件.结果表明,有利于隐甲藻生长和DHA积累的最佳培养条件为：培养温度为22℃,先以12g/L葡萄糖为碳源培养4d,后再以3g/L醋酸钠为碳源培养4d.由此获得的生物产量为234.85mg/（L·d）,DHA产量为17.45mg/（L.d）,DHA含量为74.36mg/g菌体.     

一株高产DHA菌株的筛选及其发酵条件优化

采用松花粉垂钓法分离得到一株DHA高产菌Schizochytrium sp.ZR-01,通过研究培养基和培养条件对菌株发酵生产DHA的影响,确定了菌株的最适发酵条件为:葡萄糖50 g/L,大豆蛋白胨10 g/L,酵母粉4 g/L,海水晶15 g/L,发酵温度28℃,初始p H 6.0,500 m L三角瓶装液量150 m L。在最适发酵条件下培养3 d,菌体干重和DHA含量分别达到23.5 g/L和6.9 g/L。此外考察了10 L发酵罐补料分批发酵过程,通过流加50%的葡萄糖和后期的低温胁迫,最终菌体干重和DHA含量分别高达72.1 g/L和21.7 g/L。     

利用酒糟处理液作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的发酵工艺优化

为降低发酵培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA的成本,以酱香型白酒酒糟为实验材料,将其简单预处理后作为裂殖壶菌发酵培养基氮源,首先分析了酒糟处理液与胰蛋白胨的游离氨基酸组成与含量,然后以生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量为指标,对酒糟处理液、胰蛋白胨、酵母提取物和牛肉膏作为氮源培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA进行了比较,优化了酒糟处理液作为氮源时的发酵工艺条件,并对发酵废液进行三次循环利用。结果表明：酒糟处理液可以作为满足裂殖壶菌生长的氮源;与酵母提取物、牛肉膏相比,酒糟处理液作为氮源有明显优势;利用酒糟处理液作为氮源的最佳发酵工艺条件为酒糟（含水量约10%）与水质量比1∶ 9、酒糟处理液添加量70%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）、初始pH 7.0、培养时间108 h,在此条件下裂殖壶菌生物量、油脂产量和DHA产量分别达到22.14、8.88 g/L和284 g/L;最佳条件下三次循环添加15.0%（与基础发酵培养基中水的置换比例）发酵废液于酒糟处理液培养基中,裂殖壶菌DHA产量分别为4.27、3.70 g/L和2.75 g/L。综上,利用酒糟处理液培养裂殖壶菌生产DHA是酒糟资源化利用的新方法。     

真菌发酵法生产EPA和DHA

利用真菌发酵生产EPA和DHA已是目前研究的热点。综述了菌株种类、发酵培养基、发酵条件对EPA和DHA的合成产生的影响，探讨了工业化生产所面临的问题及解决途径。     

响应面法优化裂殖壶菌突变株的发酵培养基

通过单因素试验和响应面设计相结合,对裂殖壶菌(Schizochytrium limacinum)突变株产DHA的发酵培养基进行了优化。首先通过单因素试验考察发酵培养基主要成分为葡萄糖、谷氨酸钠、酵母膏和海水晶。经响应面优化发现,当发酵培养基中葡萄糖85.99 g/L、谷氨酸钠11.86 g/L、酵母膏8.16 g/L、海水晶20.16 g/L,DHA产量理论预测值可达到6.10 g/L,优化后的DHA产量比优化前提高了11.13%。在50 L发酵罐上发酵培养,DHA产量为10.32 g/L发酵液,为摇瓶培养时的1.69倍。     

被孢霉产γ-亚麻酸的补料工艺研究

γ－亚麻酸野生生产株的孢子经紫外诱变后，筛得一高产γ－亚麻酸的突变株，分别以基本培养基和优化培养基对其进行培养，发酵终点时基本培养基上的菌体量和油脂量以及γ－亚麻酸含量分别是２６．１、１０．２、０．８１ｇ／Ｌ；优化培养基上是４６．７、２２．４、１．７８ｇ／Ｌ。对这两种培养基的发酵进行补料，发现在基本培养基上补料的最适时间是第４８ｈ，发酵所得菌体量和油脂量及γ－亚麻酸含量分别是２９．９、１３．０、１．０２ｇ／Ｌ；优化培养基上补料的最适时间是第９０ｈ，发酵所得菌体量和油脂量及γ－亚麻酸含量分别是４９．９、２３．８、１．９２ｇ／Ｌ。通过比较两种培养基上的补料效果，发现在基本培养基上补料优于在优化培养基上补料。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the